By employing the analytic hierarchy process(AHP), the CRITIC method(a weight determination method based on indicator correlations), and the AHP-CRITIC hybrid weighting method, the weight coefficients of evaluation indicators were determined, followed by a comprehensive score comparison. The grey correlation analysis was then performed to analyze the results calculated using the hybrid weighting method. Subsequently, a backpropagation-artificial neural network(BP-ANN) model was constructed to predict the extraction process parameters and optimize the extraction process for Shenxiong Huanglian Jiedu Granules(SHJG). In the extraction process, an L_9(3~4) orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize three factors at three levels, including extraction frequency, water addition amount, and extraction time. The evaluation indicators included geniposide, berberine, ginsenoside Rg_1 + Re, ginsenoside Rb_1, ferulic acid, and extract yield. Finally, the optimal extraction results obtained by the orthogonal experiment, grey correlation analysis, and BP-ANN method were compared, and validation experiments were conducted. The results showed that the optimal extraction process involved two rounds of aqueous extraction, each lasting one hour; the first extraction used ten times the amount of added water, while the second extraction used eight times the amount. In the validation experiments, the average content of each indicator component was higher than the average content obtained in the orthogonal experiment, with a higher comprehensive score. The optimized extraction process parameters were reliable and stable, making them suitable for subsequent preparation process research.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis* ; Neural Networks, Computer

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.01.013.].

OBJECTIVE To prepare tetrandrine （TET）-loaded chitosan（CS）-stearic acid （SA） nano micelles modified with folic acid （FA）（ FA-CS-SA/TET nano micelles）， characterize them and study the anti-inflammatory effect in vitro. METHODS FA- CS-SA/TET nano micelles were prepared by ultrasonic method； the preparation technology was optimized by orthogonal test and validation test was also performed with the mass ratio of FA-CS-SA to TET， ultrasound power and ultrasound times as the factors， using the comprehensive score of entrapment efficiency （EE）， drug loading （DL） and particle size as evaluation index. FA-CS-SA/ TET nano micelles prepared by the optimal technology were characterized， and their release performance in vitro was investigated. RAW264.7 cells were used as subjects to investigate their anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. RESULTS The optimal preparation technology included that the mass ratio of FA-CS-SA to TET was 2∶1， ultrasonic power was 200 W， and the ultrasonic frequency was 200 times. The parameters of FA-CS-SA/TET nano micelles prepared by optimized technology included that EE was （98.86± 0.30）%， DL was （28.57±0.34）%， the average particle size was （227.0±9.4） nm， polydispersity index was 0.42±0.04， and the Zeta potential was（12.6±2.3）mV， respectively. The nano micelles were uniform in appearance and round in shape. The nano micelles were released quickly in 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution， with a cumulative release rate of （79.49±3.43）% within 72 hours， and its anti-inflammatory effect was stronger than that of TET raw materials. CONCLUSIONS FA-CS-SA/TET nano micelles are prepared successfully in the study， with good drug loading performance， uniform particle size， and good in vitro anti-inflammatory activity.

Objective To observe the effect of acupoint sticking therapy along meridians on gastrointestinal function recovery in patients after lumbar internal fixation surgery.Methods From January 2020 to March 2022,125 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases were admitted to our hospital's Department of Orthopaedics and divided into two groups:control(n = 62)and acupoint sticking therapy(n = 63).The control group received standard postoperative care for lumbar internal fixation,while the experimental group received routine care based on acupoint sticking therapy along meridians.The NVAS scores for postoperative nausea and vomiting,abdominal distension and pain,bowel sound,initial exhaust,and defecation time were compared between the two groups.Results Both groups experienced gastrointestinal problems to varied degrees following surgery.The experimental group had signifi-cantly lower rates of nausea,NVAS score,vomiting grade,abdominal distension,return to normal bowel sounds,and time of first exhaust and bowel movement compared to the control group(P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences in abdominal pain and abdominal circumference(P>0.05).There were no adverse reactions in either group.The incidence of postoperative abdominal distension,nausea and vomiting in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Acupoint sticking therapy along meridians could accelerate the recovery of gastrointestinal function of patients after lumbar internal fixation,promote rapid recovery after surgery,and improve quality of life.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF),and to establish a predictive model.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 585 ACLF patients who were admitted to Department of Infectious Diseases,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University,from January 2009 to September 2022,and according to the condition of pulmonary infection after admission,they were divided into infection group with 213 patients and non-infection group with 372 patients.The independent-samples t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups,and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.The clinical data of these patients were collected.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the risk factors for pulmonary infection in ACLF patients and establish a predictive model,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to assess the predictive value of the model.The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate the degree of fitting of the model,and the ROC curve and the area under the ROC curve(AUC)were used to assess the predictive performance of the model.Results Among the 585 patients with ACLF,213 experienced pulmonary infection,with an infection rate of 36.41%.The multivariate logistic analysis showed that upper gastrointestinal bleeding(odds ratio[OR]=2.463,P=0.047),infection at other sites(OR=2.218,P=0.004),femoral vein catheterization(OR=2.520,P＜0.001),and combined use of two or more antibiotics(OR=2.969,P＜0.001)were risk factors for pulmonary infection in ACLF patients.These factors were included in the risk factor predictive model of Logit(P)=-1.869+0.901×upper gastrointestinal bleeding+0.755×infection at other sites+0.924×femoral vein catheterization+1.088×combined use of two or more antibiotics.The ROC curve analysis showed that the model had a good predictive value(Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2=3.839,P=0.698),with an AUC of 0.753(95%confidence interval:0.700-0.772).Conclusion There is a relatively high incidence rate of pulmonary infection in patients with ACLF,and upper gastrointestinal bleeding,spontaneous peritonitis,femoral vein catheterization,and combined use of two or more antibiotics are related risk factors.The model established based on these factors can effectively predict the onset of pulmonary infection in ACLF patients.

Objective:To analyze the immune reconstitution after BTKi treatment in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL).Methods:The clinical and laboratorial data of 59 CLL patients admitted from January 2017 to March 2022 in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Results:The median age of 59 CLL patients was 60.5(36-78).After one year of BTKi treatment,the CLL clones(CD5+/CD19+)of 51 cases(86.4％)were significantly reduced,in which the number of cloned-B cells decreased significantly from(46±6.1)× 109/L to(2.3±0.4)× 109/L(P=0.0013).But there was no significant change in the number of non-cloned B cells(CD19+minus CD5+/CD19+).After BTKi treatment,IgA increased significantly from(0.75±0.09)g/L to(1.31±0.1)g/L(P＜0.001),while IgG and IgM decreased from(8.1±0.2)g/L and(0.52±0.6)g/L to(7.1±0.1)g/L and(0.47±0.1)g/L,respectively(P＜0.001,P=0.002).BTKi treatment resulted in a significant change in T cell subpopulation of CLL patients,which manifested as both a decrease in total number of T cells from(2.1±0.1)× 109/L to(1.6±0.4)× 109/L and NK/T cells from(0.11±0.1)× 109/L to(0.07±0.01)× 109/L(P=0.042,P=0.038),both an increase in number of CD4+cells from(0.15±6.1)× 109/L to(0.19±0.4)× 109/L and CD8+cells from(0.27±0.01)× 109/L to(0.41±0.08)× 109/L(both P＜0.001).BTKi treatment also up-regulated the expression of interleukin(IL)-2 while down-regulated IL-4 and interferon(IFN)-γ.However,the expression of IL-6,IL-10,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α did not change significantly.BTKi treatment could also restored the diversity of TCR and BCR in CLL patients,especially obviously in those patients with complete remission(CR)than those with partial remission(PR).Before and after BTKi treatment,Shannon index of TCR in patients with CR was 0.02±0.008 and 0.14±0.001(P＜0.001),while in patients with PR was 0.01±0.03 and 0.05±0.02(P＞0.05),respectively.Shannon index of BCR in patients with CR was 0.19±0.003 and 0.33±0.15(P＜0.001),while in patients with PR was 0.15±0.009 and 0.23±0.18(P＜0.05),respectively.Conclusions:BTKi treatment can shrink the clone size in CLL patients,promote the expression of IgA,increase the number of functional T cells,and regulate the secretion of cytokines such as IL-2,IL-4,and IFN-γ.BTKi also promote the recovery of diversity of TCR and BCR.BTKi treatment contributes to the reconstitution of immune function in CLL patients.

Objective:To analyze the effect of recombinant human thrombopoietin(rhTPO)on platelet(PLT)reconstitution after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(APBSCT)in patients with multiple myeloma(MM).Methods:The clinical data of 147 MM patients who were diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and received APBSCT as the first-line therapy were retrospectively analyzed.According to whether rhTPO was used during APBSCT,the patients were divided into rhTPO group(80 cases)and control group(67 cases).The time of PLT engraftment,blood product infusion requirements,the proportion of patients with PLT recovery to ≥ 50 × 109/L and ≥ 100 × 109/L at+14 days and+100 days after transplantation,and adverse reactions including the incidence of bleeding were compared between the two groups.Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups in sex,age,M protein type,PLT count at the initial diagnosis,median duration of induction therapy before APBSCT,and number of CD34+cells reinfused(all P＞0.05).The median time of PLT engraftment in the rhTPO group was 10(6-14)days,which was shorter than 11(8-23)days in the control group(P＜0.001).The median PLT transfusion requirement in the rhTPO group during APBSCT was 15(0-50)U,which was less than 20(0-80)U in the control group(P=0.001).At+14 days after transplantation,the proportions of patients with PLT 2 50 × 109/L in the rhTPO group and the control group were 66.3％and 52.2％,while the proportions of patients with PLT ≥ 100 × 109/L were 23.8％and 11.9％,respectively,with no significant differences(all P＞0.05).At+100 days after transplantation,the proportion of patients with PLT ≥ 50 × 109/L in rhTPO group and control group was 96.3％and 89.6％,respectively(P＞0.05),but the proportion of patients with PLT ≥ 100 × 109/L in rhTPO group was higher than that in control group(75.0％vs 55.2％,P=0.012).There was no difference in the overall incidence of bleeding events in different locations during period of low PLT level of patients between the two groups.In rhTPO group,the rhTPO administration was well tolerated,and the incidences of abnormal liver and kidney function and infection were similar to those in the control group.Conclusion:When MM patients undergo first-line APBSCT,subcutaneous injection of rhTPO can shorten the time of platelet engraftment,reduce the transfusion volume of blood products,and be well tolerated,moreover,more patients have achieve a high level of PLT recovery after transplantation,which is very important for ensuring the safety of APBSCT and maintenance therapy.

Aim To investigate the effect of vanillin on the regulation of cyclic guanylate adenylate synthetase(cGAS)/stimulator of interferon gene(STING)signa-ling pathway on hepatic tissue injury in rats with intra-hepatic cholestasis(IC).Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,IC group,vanillin group,cGAS overexpression group,and vanillin+cGAS overexpression group,with continuous adminis-tration for seven days.The body weight,liver weight and liver to body weight ratio of rats were measured.Liver function(ALT,AST,ALP,LDH),IC(TBIL,TBA)and liver fibrosis(HA,LN,PC Ⅲ)index were determined by ELISA.Liver pathology and fibrosis were observed using HE and Masson staining,and col-lagen volume fraction was calculated.The expression of cGAS/STING pathway related proteins in liver tissue was detected by Western blot.Results Vanillin could improve liver pathology and fibrosis,increase body weight,and decrease liver weight,ALT,AST,ALP,LDH,TBIL,TBA,HA,LN,PC Ⅲ,collagen volume fraction,cGAS,STING protein in IC rats(P＜0.05).Overexpression of cGAS could reverse the effects of vanillin on the above indicators in IC rats(P＜0.05).Conclusions Vanillin may improve liver function,IC,liver fibrosis,and liver tissue damage in IC rats by downregulating the cGAS/STING signaling pathway.

Objective To establish an analytical method combining gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS)to detect diazepam residue in bait nest materials and fish samples,and improve the pretreatment steps of samples to make the experimental results accurate and the sample processing convenient and fast.Methods Taking diazepam as the research object,samples were extracted with methanol and dichloromethane/n-hexane as solvents according to the type,and the supernatant was taken for detection after centrifugation.Results The diazepam standard sample showed a good linear relationship in the range of 10～10 000 ng/mL.The retention times in methanol and mixed solvent were 13.54 min and 13.83 min,respectively,and the correlation coefficients were 0.998 and 0.999,respectively;The limit of detection(LOD)of using methanol as extraction solvent was 2 ppb,and limit of quantification(LOQ)was 6 ppb.The LOD of using mixed solvents was 5 ppb,and the LOQ was 15 ppb.When the sample is a bait nest material,the GC-MS spectrum was clear and standard,and the peak shape was sharp and prominent;When the sample is biological specimen,the GC-MS spectra are disturbed by matrix,while the LC-MS data is more accurate and faster.Conclusion It is more appropriate to use GC-MS to determine the content of bait nest materialsamples,and it is more accurate to LC-MS to determine the content of fish samples due to the complexity of the organism.

Objective To explore the incidence of long CO VID symptoms in patients infected with Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Methods According to the inclusion and exclu-sion criteria of literatures,relevant studies without language restrictions published up to 2024 were retrieved from both Chinese and English databases.The Chinese databases were China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,and VIP databases,and the foreign databases were PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science.Three-step screening was used to select literatures,and Stata 17.0 software was used for analysis.Results The incidence of at least one sequelae in patients infected with Omicron variant was 29.62％.The most common symptoms included fatigue(19.10％),joint or muscle pain(11.06％),memory loss(9.71％),brain fog(8.80％),cough(8.42％),headache(7.26％),and sore throat(6.68％).Subgroup analysis results showed that with the extension of follow-up(3 months vs 6 months),the incidence of smell or taste changes was significantly re-duced(7.22％vs 0.78％).The higher the proportion of women(＜50％vs 50％-65％vs＞65％),the higher the incidence of joint or muscle pain(1.09％vs 4.62％vs 19.53％);the greater the median age(≥45 years vs＜45 years),the higher the incidence of chest pain or chest distress(0.90％vs 3.86％),all with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Incidence of long COVID in Omicron-infected patients is high and can cause various symptoms.Follow-up time,median age and gender proportion have significant impacts on the incidence of some symptoms.