Eleven compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the 95% aqueous ethanol extract of the roots of Sophora tonkinensis by silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative RP-HPLC. Their structures were identified as 7-hydroxy-8-isopentenylchromone (1), furo[2,3-f]-1,3-benzodioxole-7-carboxylic acid (2), 6-[3-(2′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)acryloyl]-7-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2H-benzopyran (3), flemichapparin B (4), tectorigenin (5), genistein (6), 6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid (7), vanillic acid (8), protocatechuic acid (9), 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (10), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (11) through extensive spectroscopic data (IR, UV, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR spectra). Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were new compounds. In addition, compound 3 showed significant α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values of 5.595 and 0.320 μmol·L^-1, respectively.

Background Bisphenol compounds are non-persistent environmental endocrine disruptors and frequently detected in drinking water systems, indicating potential human health risks through drinking water. Objective To establish and optimize a simultaneous determination method for 16 BPs in drinking water by online solid-phase extraction-ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, in order to efficiently monitoring BPs in drinking water. Methods Candidate online solid-phase extraction conditions, chromatographic columns, mobile phase systems, mass spectrometry parameters, and other conditions were compared by chromatographic peaks of BPs, and processing conditions such as water sample preservation and pretreatment were optimized. The pH level of drinking water samples was adjusted and solid particles were removed. After extraction and purification by an online solid-phase extraction system, samples were detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and quantified by isotope internal standard method. The proposed method was verified by pure water and terminal tap water, and evaluated by spiked recovery rate and relative standard deviation. Eighty-eight tap water samples from different regions of local pipeline network were collected for method application. Results For the 16 BPs, the calibration curves showed good linearity between 1.0 and 75 ng·L⁻¹ and the correlation coefficients were greater than 0.995. The detection limit of the method was less than 0.30 ng·L⁻¹, and the quantification limit of the method was less than 1.0 ng·L⁻¹. When the spiked concentrations for the 16 BPs were 5.0, 15, and 40 ng·L⁻¹, the average spiked recovery rates of the test substances were between (100 ± 10)%, and the relative standard deviations were all below 10%. In the method application to the local terminal water samples, the positive rates of bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol A (BPA), and bisphenol AF (BPAF) were as high as 93.2%, 77.3%, and 29.5%, respectively. The concentrations of BPS were from not detected (N.D.) to 37.8 ng·L⁻¹, and the concentrations of BPA were from N.D. to 52.0 ng·L⁻¹. Conclusion The method using an online solid-phase extraction system is established, featuring simple pre-treatment, small sample volume, high degree of automation, low detection limit, and good accuracy and precision. This method can be applied to the quantitative monitoring of 16 BPs at ng·L⁻¹ level in drinking water.

BACKGROUND: The placebo response of sham acupuncture in patients with primary dysmenorrhea is a substantial factor associated with analgesia. However, the magnitude of the placebo response is unclear. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis assessed the effects of sham acupuncture in patients with primary dysmenorrhea and the factors contributing to these effects. SEARCH STRATEGY: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched from inception up to August 20, 2022. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using sham acupuncture as a control for female patients of reproductive age with primary dysmenorrhea were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: Pain intensity, retrospective symptom scale, and health-related quality of life were outcome measures used in these trials. Placebo response was defined as the change in the outcome of interest from baseline to endpoint. We used standardized mean difference (SMD) to estimate the effect size of the placebo response. RESULTS: Thirteen RCTs were included. The pooled placebo response size for pain intensity was the largest (SMD = -0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.31 to -0.68), followed by the retrospective symptom scale (Total frequency rating score: SMD = -0.20; 95% CI, -0.80 to -0.39. Average severity score: SMD = -0.35; 95% CI, -0.90 to -0.20) and physical component of SF-36 (SMD = 0.27; 95% CI, -0.17 to 0.72). Studies using blunt-tip needles, single-center trials, studies with a low risk of bias, studies in which patients had a longer disease course, studies in which clinicians had < 5 years of experience, and trials conducted outside Asia were more likely to have a lower placebo response. CONCLUSION Strong placebo response and some relative factors were found in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022304215. Please cite this article as: Sun CY, Xiong ZY, Sun CY, Ma PH, Liu XY, Sun CY, Xin ZY, Liu BY, Liu CZ, Yan SY. Placebo response of sham acupuncture in patients with primary dysmenorrhea: A meta-analysis. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(5): 455-463.
Female ; Humans ; Dysmenorrhea/therapy* ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Pain Management ; Needles ; Placebo Effect

Humans ; Parkinson Disease/diagnosis* ; Machine Learning

Objectives: . Laryngeal ultrasonography (LUS) has been suggested as an alternative diagnostic tool for unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). The present study applied LUS and quantitative laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) in female UVFP patients to investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms of UVFP. Methods: . In this cross-sectional study, vocal fold (VF) length parameters included resting and phonating VF length measured using B-mode LUS, and color Doppler vibrating length (CDVL) measured using the color Doppler mode. Results: . Forty female patients with UVFP were enrolled, among whom 11 and 29 were assigned to the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle+cricothyroid (CT) muscle group (with CT involvement) and the TA (without CT involvement) group, respectively. In the TA group, the turn frequency in thyroarytenoid-lateral cricoarytenoid (TA-LCA) on the paralyzed side, as observed through LEMG, correlated with the VF length during the resting phase (R=0.368, P=0.050) and CDVL values (R=0.627, P=0.000) on the paralyzed side. In the TA+CT group, the turn ratio in the CT muscle correlated with the normalized phonatory vocal length change (nPLC; R=0.621, P=0.041) on the paralyzed side. Conclusion . CDVL and nPLC are two parameters that can be utilized to predict the turn frequencies of TA-LCA in UVFP cases without CT involvement, and the turn ratio of CT in cases of UVFP with CT involvement, respectively. The findings suggest that LUS, as a noninvasive tool, can serve as an alternative method for assessing the severity of laryngeal nerve injury and offer valuable insights into the pathophysiology of UVFP.

As a recognized rare and highly fatal disease, hereditary angioedema (HAE) is difficult to diagnose and characterized by recurrent edema involving the head, limbs, genitals and larynx, etc. Diagnosis of HAE is not difficult. However, low incidence and lack of clinical characteristics lead to difficulty of doctors on timely diagnosis and correct intervention for HAE patients. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the awareness of this disease and prevent its recurrence. for HAE patients. In view of absent cognition of doctors and the general public on HAE, patients often suffer from sudden death or become disabled due to laryngeal edema which cannot be treated in time. Thus, based on the Internet mobile terminal platform, the team set up an all-day rapid emergency response system which is provided for HAE patients by setting up "one-click help". The aim is to offer optimization on overall management of HAE and designed the intelligent follow-up management to provide timely assistance and specialized suggestion for patients with acute attacks.
Humans ; Angioedemas, Hereditary/drug therapy*

Allergic diseases affect about 40% of the world's population. Environmental factors are important in the occurrence and development of allergic diseases. Dust mites are one of the most important allergens in the indoor environment. The World Health Organization proposes the "four-in-one, combination of prevention and treatment" treatment principle for allergic diseases, in which environmental control to avoid or reduce allergens is the first choice for treatment. Modern people spend much more time at home (including sleeping) than outdoors, and the control of the home environment is particularly critical. This practice introduces the hypoallergenic home visit program, which including home environment assessment, environmental and behavioral intervention guidance, and common household hypoallergenic supplies and service guidance for the patient's home environment. The real-time semi-quantitative testing of dust mite allergens, qualitative assessments of other indoor allergens, record of patients' household items and lifestyle, and precise, individualized patient prevention and control education will be conducted. The hypoallergenic home visit program improves the doctors' diagnosis and treatment data dimension, and becomes a patient management tool for doctors outside the hospital. It also helps patients continue to scientifically avoid allergens and irritants in the environment, effectively build a hypoallergenic home environment, reduce exposure to allergens in the home environment, and achieve the goal of combining the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
Humans ; Hospitals ; Life Style ; Sleep

As a recognized rare and highly fatal disease, hereditary angioedema (HAE) is difficult to diagnose and characterized by recurrent edema involving the head, limbs, genitals and larynx, etc. Diagnosis of HAE is not difficult. However, low incidence and lack of clinical characteristics lead to difficulty of doctors on timely diagnosis and correct intervention for HAE patients. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the awareness of this disease and prevent its recurrence. for HAE patients. In view of absent cognition of doctors and the general public on HAE, patients often suffer from sudden death or become disabled due to laryngeal edema which cannot be treated in time. Thus, based on the Internet mobile terminal platform, the team set up an all-day rapid emergency response system which is provided for HAE patients by setting up "one-click help". The aim is to offer optimization on overall management of HAE and designed the intelligent follow-up management to provide timely assistance and specialized suggestion for patients with acute attacks.
Humans ; Angioedemas, Hereditary/drug therapy*

Allergic diseases affect about 40% of the world's population. Environmental factors are important in the occurrence and development of allergic diseases. Dust mites are one of the most important allergens in the indoor environment. The World Health Organization proposes the "four-in-one, combination of prevention and treatment" treatment principle for allergic diseases, in which environmental control to avoid or reduce allergens is the first choice for treatment. Modern people spend much more time at home (including sleeping) than outdoors, and the control of the home environment is particularly critical. This practice introduces the hypoallergenic home visit program, which including home environment assessment, environmental and behavioral intervention guidance, and common household hypoallergenic supplies and service guidance for the patient's home environment. The real-time semi-quantitative testing of dust mite allergens, qualitative assessments of other indoor allergens, record of patients' household items and lifestyle, and precise, individualized patient prevention and control education will be conducted. The hypoallergenic home visit program improves the doctors' diagnosis and treatment data dimension, and becomes a patient management tool for doctors outside the hospital. It also helps patients continue to scientifically avoid allergens and irritants in the environment, effectively build a hypoallergenic home environment, reduce exposure to allergens in the home environment, and achieve the goal of combining the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
Humans ; Hospitals ; Life Style ; Sleep

Objective: To observe the efficacy and adverse reactions of a combination therapy regimen based on bortezomib and glucocorticoids in recurrent/refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) . Methods: Six patients with recurrent/refractory TTP were included and treated with a glucocorticoid and two courses of bortezomib-based regimen. The clinical remission status of patients, changes in ADAMTS13 activity/ADAMTS13 inhibitor, and the occurrence of treatment-related adverse reactions were observed. Results: Of the 6 patients, 2 were males and 4 were females, with a median age of 21.5 (18-68) years. Refractory TTP was found in 1 case and recurrent TTP in 5 cases. Glucocorticoids were administered with reference to prednisone at 1 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), and gradually reduced in dosage after achieving clinical remission. Bortezomib is subcutaneously administered at 1.3 mg/m(2) on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 with a 28-day treatment course consisting of 2 courses. Six patients achieved clinical remission after receiving bortezomib as the main treatment. ADMATS13 activity returned to normal in all patients with TTP after treatment, and the ADAMTS13 inhibitor turned negative. Thrombocytopenia is the most common adverse reaction after treatment, with other adverse reactions, including peripheral neuritis and abdominal pain, but ultimately all patients returned to normal. In a median follow-up of 26 (9-41) months, 5 patients maintained sustained remission, and 1 patient relapsed after 16 months of bortezomib treatment. Conclusion: Combination therapy of bortezomib and glucocorticoids has a satisfactory therapeutic effect and controllable adverse reactions for recurrent/refractory iTTP.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Bortezomib/therapeutic use* ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use* ; Rituximab/therapeutic use* ; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/drug therapy* ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy* ; ADAMTS13 Protein/therapeutic use*