In order to find the trends in Panax notoginseng industries of China, a combination of data analysis and empirical analysis was applied to analyze the application of global P. notoginseng patents, the innovation field, the distribution of patent assets, the patent citation network, the distribution of enterprises, the talent team, the competition and cooperation situation based on the financial big data platform of intellectual property industry. From the perspective of industrial technology hotspots, the clinical application of P. notoginseng is becoming more and more widespread, and its clinical treatment field is further expanding. From the perspective of industrial fields, the P. notoginseng industry has gradually expanded from the traditional Chinese medicine field to food, cosmetics, beverages, tea and other daily consumer goods. From the perspective of patent quality, the average maintenance life of P. notoginseng patents of China is lower than the global level, and the value and quality of patents need to be further improved. And the quality of P. notoginseng of China related patent applications has gradually improved in recent years. We analyzed the technology, capital, and talent issues of P. notoginseng industry of China, and summarized and forecasted the status and trends of P. notoginseng industry development of China. It is considered that scientific and technological innovation has become the core engine for the development of the P. notoginseng industry and intellectual property, especially patent protection, escorted the sustainable development of the P. notoginseng industry. Based on the above analysis, several suggestions were put forward to promote the high-quality development of the P. notoginseng industry. It should strengthen scientific and technological support, especially the need for a large number of high-quality scientific and technological output, expand multi-party cooperation, build a high-level technological innovation platform for the P. notoginseng industry, guide long-term capital to continuously and stably invest, and help the P. notoginseng industry to revitalize.
China ; Drug Industry/trends* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Panax notoginseng/chemistry* ; Patents as Topic

As dental implant surgery and bone grafts were widely operated in Korean dentist, many bone substitutes are commercially available, currently. For commercially used in Korea, all bone substitutes are firstly evaluated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) for safety and efficacy of the product. After being priced, classified, and registration by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), the post-application management is obligatory for the manufacturer (or representative importer) to receive a certificate of Good Manufacturing Practice by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Currently, bone substitutes are broadly classified into C group (bone union and fracture fixation), T group (human tissue), L group (general and dental material) and non-insurance material group in MOHW notification No. 2018-248. Among them, bone substitutes classified as dental materials (L7) are divided as xenograft and alloplastic bone graft. The purpose of this paper is to analyze alloplastic bone substitutes of 37 products in MOHW notification No. 2018-248 and to evaluate the reference level based on the ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, EMBASE (1980–2019), Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar using the criteria of registered or trademarked product name.
Bone Substitutes ; Dental Implantation ; Dental Implants ; Dental Materials ; Dentists ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Insurance, Health ; Korea ; Patents as Topic ; Transplants

Classical Representative Famous Prescription is the valuable cultural heritage of Chinese medicine. In November 2018,the State Council issued the " Intensive Implementation of the National Intellectual Property Strategy in 2018 to Accelerate the Construction of IP Strong Country",explicitly proposing to strengthen the intellectual property protection of Classical Representative Famous Prescription.How about the current situation of intellectual property protection of lassical Representative Famous Prescription in China? We selected Liuwei Dihuang Pills,Shengmai Powder and Guizhi Fuling Pills( three representative drugs on market) from Chinese Pharmacopoeia2015 Volume I issued by Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission to analyze their patent layout,reflecting its status quo of patent protection as follows: first,in recent years,the number of related patent applications for Classical Representative Famous Prescriptions has declined,which was positively correlated with the drug registration and approval policies in recent years,but the policy dividend has not been reflected in the patent application,which may be related to the long period of pharmaceutical R&D; secondly,the patent applicant in the field of Chinese medicine is mainly based on individuals,but the applicant of Classical Representative Famous Prescription is mainly of enterprises,and in addition,the company applicants have the highest authorization rate; thirdly,the main technologies are to improve preparation method and the dosage form in the research and development of Classical Representative Famous Prescription,but these two types of authorized patents have much difficulty in further application on the market. Therefore,the innovative entities shall look for a new breakthrough in secondary development and utilization of Classical Representative Famous Prescriptions.
China ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Patents as Topic

The United States Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO) issued Interim Guidance on Patent Subject Matter Eligibility on December 16， 2014， bringing certain effects to the review rules on patent application of Chinese medicine compositions. Based on the Interim Guidance， cases analysis was used in this paper to analyze the patent subject matter issues of traditional Chinese medicine compositions in the United States. The researches have shown that the application documents should be properly written in the United States when the patent for Chinese medicine compositions is applied， which can improve the probability of authorization.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Patents as Topic ; Research ; United States

Paris is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and has antitumor, antibacterial, sedative, analgesic and hemostatic effects. It has been used as an ingredient of 81 Chinese patent medicines, with a wide application and large market demand. Based on the data retrieved from state Intellectual Property Office patent database, a comprehensive analysis was made on Paris patents, so as to explore the current features of Paris patents in the aspects of domestic patent output, development trend, technology field distribution, time dimension, technology growth rate and patent applicant, and reveal the development trend of China's Paris industry. In addition, based on the current Paris resource application and development, a sustainable, multi-channel and multi-level industrial development approach was built. According to the results, studies of Paris in China are at the rapid development period, with a good development trend. However, because wild Paris resources tend to be exhausted, the studies for artificial cultivation technology should be strengthened to promote the industrial development.
Drug Development ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Melanthiaceae ; chemistry ; Patents as Topic ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of panaxadiol saponins component (PDS-C) isolated from total saponins of panax ginseng on proliferation, differentiation and corresponding gene expression profile of megakaryocytes.

METHODSBone marrow culture of colony forming assay of megakaryocytic progenitor cells (CFU-MK) was observed for the promoting proliferation mediated by PDS-C, and differentiation of megakaryocytic blasts caused by PDS-C was analyzed with flow cytometry in CHRF-288 and Meg-01 cells, as well as proliferation, differentiation-related genes expression profile and protein expression levels were detected by human gene expression microarray and western blot.

RESULTSIn response to PDS-C 10, 20 and 50 mg/L, CFU-MK from 10 human bone marrow samples was increased by 28.9%±2.7%, 41.0%±3.2% and 40.5%±2.6% over untreated control, respectively (P <0.01, each). Flow cytometry analysis showed that PDS-C treated CHRF-288 cells and Meg-01 cells significantly increased in CD42b, CD41, TSP and CD36 positive ratio, respectively. PDS-C induced 29 genes up-regulated more than two-fold commonly in both cells detected by human expression microarray representing 4000 known genes. The protein expression levels of ZNF91, c-Fos, BTF3a, GATA-1, RGS2, NDRG2 and RUNX1 were increased with western blot in correspond to microarray results.

CONCLUSIONPDS-C as an effective component for hematopoiesis, play the role to enhance proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes, also up-regulated expression of proliferation, differentiation-related genes and proteins in vitro.

Blotting, Western ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Megakaryocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Patents as Topic ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; drug effects ; genetics

Ischemic stroke is a primary cause of death and long-term disability all over the world. This disease is resulted from ischemia and hypoxia in brain tissues because of insufficient blood supply and causes a series of physiochemical metabolism disorders and physiological dysfunction. Its high disability ratio has bright huge burdens to society, governments and families. However, there is not efficacious medicine to treat it. In this study, a right middle cerebral artery occlusion was established in rats to observe the multi-path and multi-aspect intervention effects of Tibetan patent medicine Ruyi Zhenbao pills in reducing injuries to Nissl bodies, cerebral edema and inflammatory reactions and preventing cellular apoptosis, in order to lay a foundation for defining its therapeutic mechanism in acute ischemic stroke.
Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; NF-kappa B ; physiology ; Patents as Topic ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stroke ; drug therapy

To analyze the compatibility regularity of compound traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) patents for treating dyslipidemia, and provide basis for the clinical development and research of new TCM for treating dyslipidemia. Totally 243 compound traditional Chinese medicine patents for treating dyslipidemia were collected from the national patent database from September 1985 to March 2014 and analyzed by using drug frequency, association rules, complex network and entropy method of Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance System (V1.1). The commonest single medicine in the treatment of dyslipidemia is Crataegi Fructus 109 (44.86%). The commonest pair medicine is Crataegi Fructus-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 53 (21.81%). The commonest corner drug is Crataegi Fructus-Cassiae Semen-Polygoni Multiflori Radix 25 (10.29%). The common prescriptions on basis of association rules are Prunellae Spica-->Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (0.833), Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Alismatis Rhizoma-->Polygoni Multiflori Radix (1.00), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Cassiae Semen, Alismatis Rhizoma-->Polygoni Multiflori Radix (0.929). The core drugs based on complex networks are Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Crataegi Fructus. The new prescriptions extracted by entropy method are Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Platycladi Semen-Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix; Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium-Poria-Coicis Semen-Pinelliae Rhizoma. This study shows the regularity in the compatibility of compound TCM patents treating dyslipidemia, suggesting that future studies on new traditional Chinese medicines treating dyslipidemia should focus on the following six aspects: (1) Single medicine should be preferred: e. g. Crataegi Fructus; (2) Pair medicines should be preferred: e. g. Crataegi Fructus-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma; (3) Corner drugs should be preferred: e. g. Crataegi Fructus, Cassiae Semen, Polygoni Multiflori Radix; (4) The compatibility among drugs shall be given attention, and highly correlated drugs should be preferred: e. g. Prunellae Spica, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma; Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Alismatis Rhizoma, Polygoni Multiflori Radix; Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Cassiae Semen, Alismatis Rhizoma, Polygoni Multiflori Radix; (5) Core drugs should be dominant and compatible, e. g. in the digestion catharsis method, the core drugs is Crataegi Fructus and compatible with Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma; (6) Application of new prescriptions: Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Platycladi Semen, Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix; Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Poria, Coicis Semen, Pinelliae Rhizoma.
Dyslipidemias ; drug therapy ; Entropy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Patents as Topic

The safety of Chinese patent medicine has become a focus of social. It is necessary to carry out work on post-marketing clinical safety evaluation for Chinese patent medicine. However, there have no criterions to guide the related research, it is urgent to set up a model and method to guide the practice for related research. According to a series of clinical research, we put forward some views, which contained clear and definite the objective and content of clinical safety evaluation, the work flow should be determined, make a list of items for safety evaluation project, and put forward the three level classification of risk control. We set up a model of post-marketing clinical safety evaluation for Chinese patent medicine. Based this model, the list of items can be used for ranking medicine risks, and then take steps for different risks, aims to lower the app:ds:risksrisk level. At last, the medicine can be managed by five steps in sequence. The five steps are, collect risk signal, risk recognition, risk assessment, risk management, and aftereffect assessment. We hope to provide new ideas for the future research.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Herbal Medicine ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Patents as Topic ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ; Quality Control

To discuss the distribution of patents' holders for Chinese herbal compounds in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, the patents' holders for Chinese herbal compounds in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular were cluster analyzed by means of simple statistics and cluster analysis. Clustering variables were composed of patent applications, patent maintained number, related papers' quantity, etc. Chinese herbal compound patents' holders were divided into four categories according to their different scientific research and patent strength. It is the magic weapon for Chinese herbal compound patents' holders that have scientific research patents' transforming and make coordination of patent protection and scientific innovation.
Biometry ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; drug therapy ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; drug therapy ; Cluster Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Herbal Medicine ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; manpower ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; Patents as Topic