PURPOSE: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a well-known cause of cervical cancer, which, along with its precursors, can be diagnosed and treated with cervical conization (CC). This study aimed to assess HPV- and procedure-related knowledge among women who had undergone CC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between February and May 2014, consecutive women who had undergone CC at five different educational hospitals were recruited. All patients had undergone a loop electrosurgical excision procedure as the method of CC. A survey was conducted with a self-developed, 29-item questionnaire, measuring knowledge related to HPV and CC. We analyzed the responses of 160 patients who completed the questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean total knowledge scores (±standard deviation) for HPV and CC were 5.2±3.0 of a possible 13.0 and 8.3±4.2 of a possible 16.0, respectively. While 73% of the patients knew that HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer, only 44% knew that HPV is sexually transmitted. The purpose of CC was correctly identified by 71% of the patients. However, 35% failed to indicate the anatomical area resected at the time of CC in the schematic diagram. Women who were younger (p<0.001), had higher education level (p<0.001), and higher family income (p=0.008) had higher knowledge scores. In contrast, neither interval from CC to survey nor disease severity were associated with total knowledge score. CONCLUSION: The level of knowledge related to HPV and CC was unexpectedly low in women who had undergone CC. Intuitive educational resources may improve this knowledge, and further cohort studies are warranted.
Adult ; Cervix Uteri/*pathology/*virology ; *Conization ; Female ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae/*physiology ; Republic of Korea ; Sexual Behavior ; *Surveys and Questionnaires ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the viral etiology of human breast cancer to determine whether there are novel molecular targets for gene therapy of breast cancer and provide evidence for the research of gene therapy and vaccine development for breast cancer.

METHODSPCR was used to screen HPV16 and HPV18 oncogenes E6 and E7 in the SKBR3 cell line and in 76 paraffin embedded breast cancer tissue samples. RNA interference was used to knock down the expression of HPV18 E6 and E7 in SKBR3 cells, then the changes in the expression of cell-cycle related proteins, cell viability, colony formation, metastasis, and cell cycle progression were determined.

RESULTSHPV18 oncogenes E6 and E7 were amplified and sequenced from the SKBR3 cells. Of the patient samples, 6.58% and 23.68% were tested to be positive for HPV18 E6 and HPV18 E7. In the cell culture models, the knockdown of HPV18 E6 and E7 inhibited the proliferation, metastasis, and cell cycle progression of SKBR3 cell. The knockdown also clearly affected the expression levels of cell cycle related proteins.

CONCLUSIONHPV was a contributor to virus caused human breast cancer, suggesting that the oncogenes in HPV were potential targets for gene therapy of breast cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Base Sequence ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; therapy ; Female ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; genetics ; metabolism ; Papillomaviridae ; physiology ; Papillomavirus Infections ; genetics ; therapy ; Sequence Alignment

This study was aimed to screen human papillomavirus (HPV) types associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma of Kazakh in Xinjiang using the gene chip technique and study the clinical significance of this application. The DNAs were collected from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and healthy esophageal mucosa of Kazakh adults in Xinjiang, and amplified firstly using HPV MY09/11 and then using HPV G5+/6+ to screen positive HPV specimens. These positive specimens were further detected by the gene chip technique to screen highly pathogenic HPV types. After determination with nested PCR amplification with HPV MY09/11 and G5+/6+, the infection rate of HPV was 66.67% in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group and 12.12% in the healthy control group. By testing the positive HPV specimens from the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group, the infection rate of HPV16 was 97.72% and the co-infection rate of HPV16 and HPV18 was 2.27%. HPV16 infection may be involved in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Xinjiang Hazakh adults.
Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; ethnology ; genetics ; virology ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; DNA, Neoplasm ; analysis ; genetics ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; genetics ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; ethnology ; genetics ; virology ; Female ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; genetics ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; genetics ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Typing ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Papillomaviridae ; classification ; genetics ; physiology ; Papillomavirus Infections ; ethnology ; genetics ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

The recombined adenovirus DNA was transfected into 293 cells for packing and amplification of replication-deficient Ad-CMV-E6/E7, Ad-K14 -E6/E7 virus was purified by CsCl density gradient centrifugation , recombined adenovirus Ad-CMV-E6/E7, Ad-K14 -E6/E7 were used as experimental group, while pAd-CMV and pAdtrack-K14 were used as control group. Four of them were injected through one main vein of nude mice tail respectively. These mice were then treated with 0.05 mg 17beta-estradiol over 12 weeks. Mice were anaesthesiaed with 2.5% Avertint and the vagina, mammary gland, ovaries and uterus were dissected and fixed in 3.75% paraformaldehyde overnight at 4 degrees C. Paraffin-embedded sections, HE staining and identification of P53 and Bcl-2 protein via immunohistochemistry were performed. The expression of E6/E7 was verified by RT-PCR in different tissue of nude mice. HE staining showed evident hyperplasy in cervix-uterus transformation zone of experimental group 2. The expression of mutant P53 and Bcl-2 were higher than control group via immunohistochemical S-P method in uterus stroma-cell. Western blotting also showed that E6 protein was expressed. The expression of E6/E7 was higher than control group by human cytokeratin promoter 14 and hyperlasy changes were detected in epithelial tissue of cervix-uterus transformation zone.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Female ; pathology ; virology ; Genitalia, Female ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mammary Glands, Animal ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ovary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Papillomaviridae ; metabolism ; physiology ; Papillomavirus E7 Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Repressor Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; Uterus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vagina ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in the lymph nodes and histopathologically confirmed metastasis of early-stage cervical carcinoma.

METHODSHPV L1 gene fragment in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of the primary tumor and pelvic lymph nodes from 31 patients with cervical cancer was amplified using HPV-specific PCR with general consensus primers GP5+/GP6+. The type of HPV was identified by sequence analysis of the PCR products, and the correlation between the presence of HPV DNA in the lymph node and the clinicopathological indices of cervical carcinoma was analyzed.

RESULTSThe positivity rate of HPV DNA in the pelvic lymph nodes was 58.1% in the 31 patients, and in 13 of the patients with confirmed metastasis, the detection rate was 84.6% as compared with the rate of 27.8% in the other 18 patients without metastases. The presence of HPV DNA in the lymph node was associated with histologically confirmed metastases. The results of both HPV DNA detection and pathological examination indicated that the obturator, internal iliac and external iliac lymph nodes were more liable to be positive for HPV DNA, accounting for over 90% of the positivity.

CONCLUSIONHPV DNA detection in the pelvic lymph nodes is a helpful predictive factor of metastases, and the obturator, internal iliac and external iliac lymph nodes are the among the most vulnerable lymph nodes of metastatic involvement by early-stage cervical carcinoma.

Adult ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; genetics ; Female ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; physiology ; Papillomavirus Infections ; pathology ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Virus Infections ; pathology ; virology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology

Common warts are close associated with HPVs infection. In this study, we amplified and sequenced the LCR fragment and E2 gene of HPV-2 that infected the patient of extensive common wart with cutaneous horns, and we constructed the recombinant CAT-reporter plasmids pBLCAT-LCR containing HPV-2 prototype or variant LCR and mammalian expression plasmids pcDNA3. 1-E2 containing prototype or variant E2 ORF individually. The promoter activities of HPV-2 variant and the transcriptional repression activities of the mutated E2 protein were evaluated by transient transfection into HeLa cells. The results showed that there were several mutations in LCR and E2 gene of HPV-2 variant. Compared with the prototype, the viral early promoter activity of variant was significantly increased uder the control of LCR. Compared with the wild type E2 protein, the transcriptional repression activities of the mutated E2 protein was abolished partially. We speculate herein that increased promoter activities and decreased repression effect of the mutated E2 protein are linked, at least partially, with the clinical phenotypes of the uncommon huge common wart.
DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Mutation ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; genetics ; physiology ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Repressor Proteins ; physiology ; Warts ; virology

Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Capsid Proteins ; physiology ; Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans ; physiology ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; physiology ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; physiology ; Papillomavirus Infections ; etiology ; Viral Structural Proteins ; physiology ; Virion ; physiology ; Virus Assembly

With the development of biomolecular technology, more human papillomavirus (HPV) types have been found to be related with various diseases. High-risk HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 61 have shown causal relationship with cancers of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, oral cavity, and oropharynx. Low-risk HPV 6 and 11 have shown causal relationship with genital warts. HPV may also cause cancer of the larynx. However, the relationships between HPV and esophagus and lung cancers are still controversial.
Humans ; Neoplasms ; virology ; Papillomaviridae ; physiology

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common small DNA tumor virus that specifically infects squamous epithelial cells and causes benign or malignant epithelial lesions such as genital warts and cervical cancer. High-risk HPV is detected in specimens of more than 90% of cervical cancer. In the 7. 9 kb genome of HPV, E6 and E7 are the crucial viral oncoproteins that consistently maintained after viral integration into host cell genome. These two proteins interfere with cell proliferation and differentiation through interacting with important tumor suppressors including p53 and pRb. High-risk HPV E6/E7 also induces genomic instability, facilitating cell transformation.
Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Genomic Instability ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; genetics ; physiology ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; physiology ; Papillomavirus Infections ; metabolism ; pathology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (Nr-CWS) on the HeLa cell line, one of the cell lines of human cervical cancer, infected with HPV.

METHODSHPV-infected HeLa (HPV 18-positive cells) cultured in vitro were divided into two groups: the experiment group and control group. Nr-CWS was added to the experiment group and PBS to the control. The growth and proliferation of HeLa cells were detected with MTT and flow cytometry technology. Inhibitive effect of HeLa transplanted tumor was investigated in Scid mice.

RESULTSThe growth of HeLa cells in the experimental group was apparently decreased compared with that of the control. The results of flow cytometry demonstrated that more HeLa cells were transferred into quiescent phase in the experimental group than that in the control. While less in the proliferative phase, both of the volume and weight of HeLa transplanted tumor with drug-added group were less than those of control group.

CONCLUSIONThe Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton is a potiental growth inhibitor and inducer of apoptosis of cervical cancer cells in vitro and may provide a new way in prevention or supplementary management of anti-human papilloma virus.

Animals ; Cell Growth Processes ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cell Wall Skeleton ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; HeLa Cells ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Nocardia ; metabolism ; Papillomaviridae ; physiology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; pathology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays