ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between sleep patterns and myopia progression among younger school-age children at a primary school in Changning District of Shanghai, based on the data from the Shanghai Students’ Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Monitoring System and a sleep-specific survey, so as to provide data support for myopia prevention and control in this age group. MethodsOne primary school was selected from the common diseases and health influencing factors monitoring system for students in Changning District, Shanghai. A total of 230 first-grade students were included in the study. Myopia and refractive parameters were examined, and sleep patterns were investigated. General demographic characteristics and myopia-related behavior data of the students were also collected. Sleep patterns were evaluated in terms of sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and sleep quality, with the latter assessed using the Chinese version of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between sleep patterns and myopia progression among these students. ResultsThe results of the regression analyses revealed that the total CSHQ score of the students at baseline survey was (48.85±7.15) points. Their sleep efficiency was (94.49±8.48)%, sleep duration was (9.58±0.93) hours, and the proportion of those with insufficient sleep (<10 hours) was 78.26%. At baseline survey, students’ higher daytime sleepiness scores were associated with lower spherical equivalent (SE) ( β=-0.18, 95%CI: -0.31 to -0.04) and an increased risk of axial length (AL) / corneal radius (CR) ratio >3 (OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.00 to 2.29), whereas longer sleep duration and higher sleep efficiency were associated with higher SE (β=0.18, 95%CI: 0.05 to 0.32; β=0.17, 95%CI: 0.04 to 0.31, respectively), shorter (AL) (β=-0.15, 95%CI: -0.27 to -0.03; β=-0.13, 95%CI: -0.25 to 0, respectively) and a reduced risk of AL /CR>3 (OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.51 to 0.96; OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.53 to 0.99, respectively). At baseline survey, children’s higher propensity for sleep problems (OR=1.70, 95%CI: 1.04 to 2.78), sleep resistance (OR=2.26, 95%CI: 1.36 to 3.75), and sleep anxiety scores (OR=2.15, 95%CI: 1.33 to 3.48) were all associated with an increased risk of AL/CR >3 at follow-up (all P<0.05). Furthermore, higher sleep anxiety scores predicted prolonged AL at follow-up (β=0.03, 95%CI: 0 to 0.05). According to the mixed-effects model, higher daytime sleepiness scores and prolonged sleep duration were independently linked to reduced right-eye SE (β=-0.05, 95%CI: -0.10 to 0, P<0.05) and shorter right-eye AL (β=-0.05, 95%CI: -0.10 to 0, P<0.05). ConclusionIn this school in Shanghai, there are problems of insufficient and poor-quality sleep among young children. Sleep problems such as sleep resistance, delayed sleep onset, sleep anxiety, and daytime sleepiness among children may accelerate the risk of myopia progression, while longer sleep duration and higher sleep efficiency may serve as protective factors against the occurrence and development of myopia.

Gynecological cancer is a life-threatening malignancy among women. Traditional therapies, including chemotherapy, often face challenges in terms of chemotherapeutic drug solubility and resistance, specificity, tumor site targeting, and toxicity to healthy tissues, leading to shortened efficacy and unfavorable patient outcomes and survival rates in patients with gynecologic malignancies. Recently, nanotechnology-based therapeutic methods such as targeted drug delivery and phototherapies have emerged as an appropriate alternative to overcome issues associated with traditional therapeutic methods. Specifically, nanomaterials and nanomaterial-based methods enhance the delivery of therapeutic/targeting agents to tumor sites and cellular uptakes and improve the tumor-suppressing effect. This review aims to provide an overview and future perspective on the potential impact of nanotechnology-based therapeutic methods for effective therapies for gynecologic cancer.

Synthetic biology is a crucial tool for the development of the bio-industry and bio-economy, representing a significant aspect of new quality productive forces. As a core course for graduate students in bioengineering, Synthetic Biology plays a vital role in ensuring the supply of essential talents for the development of the bio-industry in the new era. To better serve regional economic development and provide high-level talents for China's progress in the bio-industry, we analyzed typical issues encountered in the past teaching activities, set up a multi-disciplinary teaching team, optimized the course contents, adjusted the teaching mode, and mobilized students' learning interest. With the application of scientific research project as the starting point, we guided students to think and discuss deeply through the simulation of application writing and project defense, which improved students' critical thinking and innovative thinking. With industrialization as a focus, we explored a new training model combining production, education, and research through the joint practice base of the university and enterprises introduced typical cases of biomanufacturing to encourage students to engage in scientific research. The teaching reform significantly enhances the comprehensive abilities and national sentiments of graduate students. This paper hopes to serve as a reference for colleagues engaged in teaching in this field.
Synthetic Biology/education* ; Teaching ; China ; Humans

Objective:To analyze the pathogenicity and clinical phenotype associated with a newly identified heterozygous variant in the ZEB1 gene that causes posterior pleomorphic corneal dystrophy (PPCD). Methods:A pedigree study was conducted.Clinical data of four people in 2 generations from one family with PPCD who visited Henan Eye Hospital in October 2023 were collected, including 3 patients. Relevant ophthalmic examinations were performed.Best corrected visual acuity, slit lamp microscopy, intraocular pressure, Pentacam corneal topography, Corvis ST corneal biomechanics analyzer, corneal endothelial microscopy, swept-source anterior segment coherence optical tomography (CASIA), laser scanning confocal microscopy, and ultra-wide-field fundus photography were performed to examine clinical phenotypes.Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from family members to extract genomic DNA, and whole exome sequencing was performed.Sanger sequencing and pedigree co-segregation analysis were carried out.Conservation analysis was performed using GERP+ + and Clustal Omega software, and the pathogenicity of the variant was assessed according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines.This study protocol adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (No.HNEECKY-2019[15]).All subjects or guardian signed informed consent.Results:This family conformed to autosomal dominant inheritance.Under a slit-lamp microscope, corneal endothelial vesicular lesions in both eyes could be seen in the proband, her father and her brother.Under a laser scanning confocal microscope, endothelial cells were missing at the lesions, and some were crater-like changes, and some lesions were circular or elliptical vesicular, and no other systemic abnormalities were observed.The ocular and physical examination of the proband's mother showed no abnormalities.Genetic testing results showed that the proband, her father and her brother all carried the ZEB1c.790G>A (p.Gly264Arg) heterozygous variant, but her mother did not carry the variantion.Sanger sequencing verified that this variantion was co-segregated within the family.The variantion is a newly discovered missense mutation that had not been reported in the Thousand Genomes Project, Genome Aggregation Database, and ExAC database.The prediction results of the variant by MutationTaster, SIFT, PROVEAN, VESST3, DANN, FATHMM-MKL, CADD, fitCons and other software were harmful, and GERP+ +, Weblogo, Clustal Omega analysis showed that the amino acids affected by the variant were highly conservative.According to the ACMG Guidelines, this variation was possible pathogenic.Conclusions:The identification of the missense mutation c. 790G>A (p.Gly264Arg) in the ZEB1 gene within this PPCD family provides new insights into the genetic basis of PPCD and the variant may be the pathogenic variant of in this family.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of toric collamer lens (TICL) rotation on myopia combined with astigmatism correction after V4c TICL implantation using standardized vector analysis.Methods:An observational case series study was performed.A total of 152 patients (268 eyes) who underwent V4c TICL implantation for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism were enrolled at Henan Eye Hospital from January to December 2021.The preoperative spherical diopter, cylindrical diopter, and spherical equivalent (SE) were -15.00 to -3.25 D, -5.00 to -0.50 D, -16.50 to -3.88 D, respectively.Postoperative TICL vault and axis were measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and postoperative TICL rotation was calculated.Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical diopter, cylindrical diopter, SE, and target astigmatism vector were recorded before and 1 month after surgery.The effectiveness index, safety index, surgically induced astigmatism vector (SIA), margin of error (ME), absolute value of the difference vector |DV|, correction index (CI), and achievement index (IS) were calculated based on the subjective refraction results 1 month after surgery and the cylindrical axis of the V4c TICL.Vector analysis parameters was compared among patients with different preoperative astigmatism, intraoperative TICL fixation, postoperative TICL rotation, and postoperative vault.The correlation between postoperative TICL rotation and TICL fixed angle deviation, postoperative vault, visual acuity and refraction, and vector analysis parameters were evaluated.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (No.HNEECKY-2021[13]).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:At 1 month postoperatively, the mean safety and efficacy indices were 1.27 and 1.29, respectively.There was no statistically significant difference between the predicted SE of (-0.11±0.13)D and the postoperative SE of (-0.07±0.52)D ( t=-0.994, P=0.321).UCVA, BCVA and cylinder diopter in the operative eyes were all improved after surgery compared to before surgery and the differences were statistically significant ( t=17.854, 5.446, -25.634; all P<0.001).The rotation of V4c TICL was 0° to 25°, with a mean of (5.41±4.35)°, which was positively correlated with the V4c TICL fixed angle deviation ( rs=0.461, P<0.001), negatively correlated with postoperative cylindrical diopter and positively correlated with postoperative UCVA, |DV| and SIA ( r=-0.360, 0.191, 0.205, 0.142; all P<0.05).Vector analysis between groups showed that vault, SIA and |DV| were higher and CI and IS were lower in low astigmatism group than in high astigmatism group ( Z=-3.017, -13.569, -2.793, -2.761, -4.779; all P<0.05).V4c TICL rotation and |DV| were lower in low fixation angle difference group than in high fixation angle difference group ( Z=-7.865, -2.080; both P<0.05).Preoperative cylindrical diopter, intraoperative V4c TICL fixed angle deviation, SIA and |DV| were lower in low rotation group than in high rotation group ( Z=-2.104, -4.578, -2.456, -2.090; all P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the TICL rotation or in each vector between patients with different vault after the surgery (all P>0.05). Conclusions:V4c TICL implantation can achieve good results for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism.There is a slight difference between the fixation axis and the target axis of V4c TICL, which affects the rotation of V4c TICL and |DV|.Postoperative V4c TICL rotation is related to TICL fixed angle deviation, postoperative UCVA, SIA, |DV| and postoperative cylindrical diopter.Postoperative vault has no significant effect on TICL rotation and differences in each vector.

Objective:To evaluate the repeatability of anterior segment biometry measurements obtained using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and the ArcScan Insight 100, and to compare the agreement between the two devices.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.Seventy myopic patients (70 eyes) who underwent V4c implantable collamer lens implantation at Henan Eye Hospital from March to May 2023 were included.The ArcScan Insight 100 and UBM were used to measure the following parameters three times: angle-to-angle distance (ATA), sulcus-to-sulcus distance (STS), anterior chamber depth (ACD), crystalline lens rise (CLR), anterior chamber width (ACW), ciliary body inner diameter (CBID), anterior chamber angle (ACA), trabecular-ciliary angle (TCA) and maximum ciliary body thickness (CBTmax). The repeatability of anterior segment biological measurements obtained using the two devices was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The consistency between the two instruments was evaluated by Bland-Altman consistency test.This study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (No.HNEECKY-2021[13]). All patients understood the purpose and significance of this study and signed the informed consent form.Results:The repeatability of ATA, STS, ACD, CLR, ACW, CBID, ACA, TCA and CBTmax measured by UBM and ArcScan Insight 100 was good (all ICC>0.9). There was no significant difference in ACD, ACW, and ACA between the two instruments ( t=0.696, -1.025, -1.447; all P>0.05). ATA, STS, CLR and CBID measured by UBM were lower and TCA and CBTmax were higher than those measured by UBM ArcScan Insight 100, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-8.586, -12.551, -4.481, -4.420, 4.535, 7.812; all P<0.05). The differences of ATA, STS, ACD, CLR, ACW, CBID and CBTmax between UBM and ArcScan Insight 100 were 0.38, 0.47, -0.01, 0.07, 0.3, 0.26 and -0.21 mm, respectively, with the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of (-0.34, 1.10), (-0.15, 1.09), (-0.28, 0.26), (-0.20, 0.35), (-0.33, 0.93), (-0.71, 1.23) and (-0.64, 0.23)mm, respectively, which showed good coherence.The differences in ACA and TCA measurements were 2.26° and -7.81°, respectively, and the 95%LoA values were (-23.36°, 27.89°) and (-36.05°, 20.43°), respectively, with poor coherence.There was a strong positive correlation in ACD measurements measured by UBM and ArcScan Insight 100 ( r=0.827, P<0.05). There were moderate positive correlations in ATA, STS, CLR, ACW and CBID ( r=0.678, 0.749, 0.617, 0.765, 0.519; all P<0.05). There was no significant correlation in ACA, TCA and CBTmax ( r=0.270, 0.032, 0.178; all P>0.05). Conclusions:The repeatability of ArcScan Insight 100 and UBM in measuring anterior segment biological parameters is good.However, the consistency of ACA, TCA and CBTmax measured by the two instruments is poor and may be affected by self-regulation of the body.ATA, STS, ACD, CLR, ACW and CBID have good consistency and can be used interchangeably.

Objective:To develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-guided intravitreal injection robot system to accurately detect the injection point on the ocular surface and guide the robotic arm to complete the intravitreal injection positioning task through 3D position calculation.Methods:The Dikablis subset of the TEyeD dataset was used.Training set, testing set, and validation set were constructed by using equal interval sampling strategy.The system read the ocular surface color RGB image with an RGBD camera, then used a PatchCrop-Transformer-based injection point detection algorithm to detect and locate key points such as the pupil, iris, and eyelid in the image.Next, it extracted the local 3D point cloud data near the injection point based on the depth information obtained by the camera.Through principal component analysis (PCA) of the local area point cloud data, the injection point and injection direction were determined.The key information was then passed to the robotic arm system.The end of the robotic arm adopted a remote center of motion (RCM) mechanism.After solving the forward and inverse kinematics, the joint movement path was obtained, and the robotic arm was controlled to move to 2 cm above the injection point.After confirmation by the doctor, the insertion, injection, and withdrawal operations were completed to ensure the stability and repeatability of the injection process.The mean square error (MSE) of key points localization and the success detection rate (SDR) within different pixel error ranges (2, 5, and 10 pixels) of the study method were compared with those of the NFDP, SLPT, and StarLoss methods, and the effects of random weight enhancement, fixed weight enhancement, and no enhancement methods on the MSE of key points localization were evaluated.The repeatability and absolute positioning accuracy of the robotic arm system were also evaluated.Results:After adding random weight enhancement, the model of this study outperformed the fixed weight enhancement and no enhancement methods in both MSE and SDR.The MSEs of the model proposed in this study for overall eye, pupil, and iris localization were 4.25, 2.41, and 1.54, respectively, which were lower than those of the NFDP, StarLoss, and SLPT methods.Within the error ranges of 5 and 10 pixels, the SDRs of the model proposed in this study were 72.09% and 92.68%, respectively, which were higher than those of the NFDP, StarLoss, and SLPT methods.The single-axis repeatability errors and absolute positioning errors of the robotic arm were within ±5 μm.Conclusions:The AI-guided intravitreal injection robot system integrates RGBD images to achieve automatic recognition of the ocular injection point and high-precision motion control through RCM mechanism design and corresponding kinematic solution methods.

Objective To propose a brain electrical phase prediction method based on long short-term memory network(LSTM)to improve the accuracy and robustness of phase synchronization prediction in transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS).Methods First,an LSTM consisting of an input layer,an LSTM layer,an ReLU activation layer,a fully connected layer and a regression layer was constructed to capture the EEG signal features through the synergistic action of input gates,forgetting gates and output gates.Second,eye-open resting-state EEG data from 30 healthy subjects were trained using the LSTM to obtain a predictive model for EEG signal and EEG phase prediction.Finally,the LSTM method and the traditional autoregressive(AR)method were compared in terms of the phase prediction errors at the overall and individual levels and the prediction performance for peaks and troughs.A regression model was used to explore the relationships between instantaneous EEG amplitude,signal-to-noise ratio and phase prediction error with the LSTM method.Results The LSTM method achieved a total phase prediction error of 0.04°±5.69°,which was lower than that of the traditional AR method(-3.36°±51.13°).For each subject,the LSTM method demonstrated superior phase prediction accuracy compared to the traditional AR method(P＜0.001).The accuracy for predicting peaks(troughs)by the LSTM method(about 89％)was higher than that by the traditional AR method(about 10％).Unlike the traditional AR method,the LSTM method didnot result in linear relationships between instantaneous EEG amplitude,signal-to-noise ratio and phase prediction error,with Pvalues being 0.58 and 0.18,respectively.Conclusion The LSTM-based brain electrical phase prediction method shows high accuracy and robustness when used for EEG phase-synchronized TMS.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(3):1-8]

HDAC7, a member of class IIa HDACs, plays a pivotal regulatory role in tumor, immune, fibrosis, and angiogenesis, rendering it a potential therapeutic target. Nevertheless, due to the high similarity in the enzyme active sites of class IIa HDACs, inhibitors encounter challenges in discerning differences among them. Furthermore, the substitution of key residue in the active pocket of class IIa HDACs renders them pseudo-enzymes, leading to a limited impact of enzymatic inhibitors on their function. In this study, proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology was employed to develop HDAC7 drugs. We developed an exceedingly selective HDAC7 PROTAC degrader B14 which showcased superior inhibitory effects on cell proliferation compared to TMP269 in various diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Subsequent investigations unveiled that B14 disrupts BCL6 forming a transcriptional inhibition complex by degrading HDAC7, thereby exerting proliferative inhibition in DLBCL. Our study broadened the understanding of the non-enzymatic functions of HDAC7 and underscored the importance of HDAC7 in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, particularly in DLBCL and AML.

The PA-PB1 interface of the influenza polymerase is an attractive site for antiviral drug design. In this study, we designed and synthesized a mini-library of indazole-containing compounds based on rational structure-based design to target the PB1-binding interface on PA. Biological evaluation of these compounds through a viral yield reduction assay revealed that compounds 27 and 31 both had a low micromolar range of the half maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) values against A/WSN/33 (H1N1) (8.03 μmol/L for 27; 14.6 μmol/L for 31), while the most potent candidate 24 had an EC₅₀ value of 690 nM. Compound 24 was effective against different influenza strains including a pandemic H1N1 strain and an influenza B strain. Mechanistic studies confirmed that compound 24 bound PA with a K _d which equals to 1.88 μmol/L and disrupted the binding of PB1 to PA. The compound also decreased the lung viral titre in mice. In summary, we have identified a potent anti-influenza candidate with potency comparable to existing drugs and is effective against different viral strains. The therapeutic options for influenza infection have been limited by the occurrence of antiviral resistance, owing to the high mutation rate of viral proteins targeted by available drugs. To alleviate the public health burden of this issue, novel anti-influenza drugs are desired. In this study, we present our discovery of a novel class of indazole-containing compounds which exhibited favourable potency against both influenza A and B viruses. The EC₅₀ of the most potent compounds were within low micromolar to nanomolar concentrations. Furthermore, we show that the mouse lung viral titre decreased due to treatment with compound 24. Thus our findings identify promising candidates for further development of anti-influenza drugs suitable for clinical use.