Humans ; Acute Disease ; Pancreatitis/diagnosis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Patient Discharge ; Disease Progression

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of pancreatitis activity scoring system (PASS) combined with Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) for infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: Clinical data of SAP patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to January 2023 were retrospectively collected, including basic information, vital signs at admission, first laboratory indexes within 48 hours of admission. The PASS scores at admission and 24, 48 and 72 hours after admission were calculated. According to the diagnostic criteria of IPN, the patients were divided into the non-IPN group and the IPN group, and the independent risk factors of SAP complicating IPN were determined by using univariate analysis and multifactorial Logistic regression. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of NLR, CRP, and PASS score, alone and in combination for IPN in patients with SAP. RESULTS: A total of 149 SAP patients were enrolled, including 102 in the non-IPN group and 47 in the IPN group. The differences in PASS score at each time point, NLR, CRP, procalcitonin (PCT), blood urea nitrogen, blood chloride, and days of hospitalization between the two groups were statistically significant. Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that 72 hours admission PASS score [odds ratio (OR) = 1.034, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.005-1.065, P = 0.022], NLR (OR = 1.284, 95%CI was 1.139-1.447, P = 0.000), and CRP (OR = 1.015, 95%CI was 1.006-1.023, P = 0.001) were independent risk factors for IPN in patients with SAP. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the PASS score at 72 hours of admission, NLR, and CRP alone in predicting IPN in SAP patients were 0.828, 0.771, and 0.701, respectively. The AUC of NLR combined with CRP, PASS combined with NLR, and PASS combined with CRP were 0.818, 0.895, and 0.874, respectively. The combination of PASS score at 72 hours after admission, NLR, and CRP had a better predictive ability for IPN in patients with SAP (AUC = 0.922, 95%CI was 0.877-0.967), and the sensitivity was 72.3% when the cut-off value was 0.539. CONCLUSIONS The predictive value of the PASS score at 72 hours after admission, NLR and CRP in combination for IPN in SAP patients is better than that of the combination of each two and individual detection and has better test efficacy.
Humans ; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/diagnosis* ; C-Reactive Protein/metabolism* ; Acute Disease ; Neutrophils/metabolism* ; Retrospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Lymphocytes ; Prognosis

A case of IgG4-related disease presented with a duodenal ulcer to improve the understan-ding of IgG4-related diseases was reported. A 70-year-old male presented with cutaneous pruritus and abdominal pain for four years and blackened stools for two months. Four years ago, the patient went to hospital for cutaneous pruritus and abdominal pain. Serum IgG4 was 3.09 g/L (reference value 0-1.35 g/L), alanine aminotransferase 554 U/L (reference value 9-40 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase 288 U/L (reference value 5-40 U/L), total bilirubin 54.16 μmol/L (reference value 2-21 μmol/L), and direct bilirubin 29.64 μmol/L (reference value 1.7-8.1 μmol/L) were all elevated. The abdominal CT scan and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography indicated pancreatic swelling, common bile duct stenosis, and secondary obstructive dilation of the biliary system. The patient was diagnosed with IgG4-related disease and treated with prednisone at 40 mg daily. As jaundice and abdominal pain improved, prednisone was gradually reduced to medication discontinuation. Two months ago, the patient developed melena, whose blood routine test showed severe anemia, and gastrointestinal bleeding was diagnosed. The patient came to the emergency department of Beijing Hospital with no improvement after treatment in other hospitals. Gastroscopy revealed a 1.5 cm firm duodenal bulb ulcer. After treatment with omeprazole, the fecal occult blood was still positive. The PET-CT examination was performed, and it revealed no abnormality in the metabolic activity of the duodenal wall, and no neoplastic lesions were found. IgG4-related disease was considered, and the patient was admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of Beijing Hospital for further diagnosis and treatment. The patient had a right submandibular gland mass resection history and diabetes mellitus. After the patient was admitted to the hospital, the blood test was reevaluated. The serum IgG4 was elevated at 5.44 g/L (reference value 0.03-2.01 g/L). Enhanced CT of the abdomen showed that the pancreas was mild swelling and was abnormally strengthened, with intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct dilation and soft tissue around the superior mesenteric vessels. We pathologically reevaluated and stained biopsy specimens of duodenal bulbs for IgG and IgG4. Immunohistochemical staining revealed remarkable infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells into duodenal tissue, the number of IgG4-positive cells was 20-30 cells per high-powered field, and the ratio of IgG4/IgG-positive plasma cells was more than 40%. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone at 40 mg daily dosage and cyclophosphamide, and then the duodenal ulcer was healed. IgG4 related disease is an immune-medicated rare disease characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis. It is a systemic disease that affects nearly every anatomic site of the body, usually involving multiple organs and diverse clinical manifestations. The digestive system manifestations of IgG4-related disease are mostly acute pancreatitis and cholangitis and rarely manifest as gastrointestinal ulcers. This case confirms that IgG4-related disease can present as a duodenal ulcer and is one of the rare causes of duodenal ulcers.
Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Abdominal Pain/drug therapy* ; Acute Disease ; Bilirubin ; Duodenal Ulcer/etiology* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease/diagnosis* ; Pancreatitis/drug therapy* ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Prednisone/therapeutic use* ; Pruritus/drug therapy*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation of coagulation function with the severity and prognosis of acute pancreatitis (AP) and identify the laboratory markers for early prediction and dynamic monitoring of the prognosis of AP. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with AP admitted less than 72 h after onset to our hospital from December 1, 2017 to November 30, 2018. The correlation of coagulation function-related markers at admission and their changes during hospitalization with the prognosis of the patients was analyzed. RESULTS: We screened the data of a total of 1260 patients with AP against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and eventually 175 patients were enrolled in this analysis, among whom 52 patients had severe AP (SAP) and 12 patients died. Logistic regression analysis identified vWF: Ag, PT, PC, AT Ⅲ and D-dimer markers at admission as independent risk factors for predicting SAP and death. Dynamic monitoring of the changes in coagulation function-related markers in the disease course had greater predictive value of the patients' prognosis, and the indicators including vWF: Ag_max, PT_max, APTT_max, TT_max, FIB_min, D-dimer_max, PLT_min, PC_min, PLG_min, AT Ⅲ_min, and their variations were all independent risk factors for predicting SAP and death. ROC analysis suggested that dynamic monitoring of the changes in the indicators, especially those of △vWF: Ag, △PT, △APTT, △FIB, △TT, △D-dimer, △PLT, △PC, △AT Ⅲ, △PLG, could effectively predict SAP and death in these patients (with AUC range of 0.63-0.84). CONCLUSION Patients with AP have vascular endothelial injuries and coagulation disorders. The markers including vWF: Ag, PT, PC, AT Ⅲ and D-dimer at admission are independent risk factors for predicting SAP and death, and dynamic monitoring of the changes in vWF: Ag、PT、APTT、TT、FIB、D-dimer、PLT、PC、AT Ⅲ and PLG can further increase the predictive value.
Acute Disease ; Biomarkers ; Humans ; Pancreatitis/diagnosis* ; Prognosis ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; von Willebrand Factor

Afferent loop syndrome (ALS) is a rare cause of recurrent pancreatitis. Recurrent pancreatitis in association with ALS can develop due to impaired outflow of pancreatic juice or reflux of enteric secretions caused by increased intraluminal duodenal pressure. Here, we report a case of ALS presenting as recurrent acute pancreatitis due to chronic intermittent partial obstruction of the third portion of the duodenum caused by postoperative adhesion. Interestingly, pancreatic histology showed a granulocytic epithelial lesion, which is a diagnostic feature of type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP, idiopathic duct centric chronic pancreatitis [IDCP]). From this case we learned that the diagnosis of type 2 AIP should be made in the appropriate clinical setting.
Afferent Loop Syndrome ; Diagnosis ; Duodenal Obstruction ; Duodenum ; Pancreatic Juice ; Pancreatitis ; Pancreatitis, Chronic

Recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) is defined as two or more true episodes of acute pancreatitis and about 20% of patients with acute pancreatitis experience at least one episode of recurrence. In about 10% of RAP, no definite etiology is found despite extensive evaluation. This entity is called idiopathic acute pancreatitis (IAP). Toxic-metabolic, idiopathic, genetic, autoimmune, recurrent and severe acute pancreatitis, obstructive (TIGAR-O) classification is commonly used to identify risk factors for RAP. Modalities employed to find causes of RAP and IAP include meticulous history taking, blood tests, diagnostic imaging, genetic testing, bile crystal analysis, endoscopic ultrasonography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with/without sphincter of Oddi manometry. Each modality is briefly reviewed in this review.
Bile ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Endosonography ; Genetic Testing ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Manometry ; Pancreatitis ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Sphincter of Oddi

No abstract available.
Diagnosis ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Pancreatitis

diagnosis more challenging. Even though acute pancreatitis is relatively uncommon in children, it can occur in association with PA. We present the case of a 4-year-old child who was admitted owing to the complaint of recurrent pancreatitis and had not previously been diagnosed with having metabolic disease. During inpatient treatment for acute pancreatitis, convulsions occurred with concomitant hyperammonemia, metabolic acidosis, coagulopathy, and shock 1 week after the administration of total parenteral nutrition. He was diagnosed to have PA after a metabolic work-up and confirmed to have novel mutation by molecular genetic analysis. Because children with PA may have acute pancreatitis, although rare, vomiting and abdominal pain should raise a suspicion of acute pancreatitis. On the contrary, even among children who have never been diagnosed with a metabolic disease, if a child has recurrent pancreatitis, metabolic pancreatitis caused by organic acidemia should be considered.]]>
Abdominal Pain ; Acidosis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis ; Diethylpropion ; Humans ; Hyperammonemia ; Inpatients ; Metabolic Diseases ; Methylmalonyl-CoA Decarboxylase ; Molecular Biology ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Pancreatitis ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Propionic Acidemia ; Seizures ; Shock ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of localized stenosis of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) for early detection of pancreatic cancer.METHODS: Among 689 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde pancreatography from January 2008 to September 2018, 19 patients with MPD findings were enrolled. These patients showed findings for indicating suspicious pancreatic cancer at an early stage (FiCE); FiCE was defined as a single, localized stenosis in the MPD without a detectable mass (using any other imaging methods) and without other pancreatic diseases, such as definite chronic pancreatitis, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, and autoimmune pancreatitis. Final diagnoses were established by examining resected specimens or through follow-up examinations after an interval of >5 years.RESULTS: Among 19 patients with FiCE, 11 underwent surgical resection and 8 were evaluated after a >5-year observation period. The final diagnosis of the MPD stenosis was judged to be pancreatic cancer in 9 patients (47%), including 3 with intraepithelial cancer, and to be a non-neoplastic change in 10. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of preoperative pancreatic juice cytology were 75%, 100%, and 88%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The predictive value of FiCE for pancreatic cancer prevalence was 47%. Histological confirmation with pancreatic juice cytology is necessary before surgical resection.
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mucins ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatic Juice ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Pancreatitis ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; Prevalence ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis due to the difficulty of early diagnosis. Observation is recommended for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in elderly patients with risk factors such as newly diagnosed diabetes and chronic pancreatitis. A 66-year-old male suffered from acute pancreatitis of uncertain etiology. Initial pancreatic imaging showed a main pancreatic duct stricture at the pancreas body/tail junction and minimal duct dilatation without a visible mass. Eight months later, however, pancreatic imaging revealed a pancreatic mass at the previous stricture site with progression of the upstream duct dilation. The patient underwent distal pancreatectomy, and a pathologic examination showed stage 1A pancreatic cancer with a predominantly intraductal spreading pattern. We report a case of stage 1A pancreatic cancer that initially manifested as acute obstructive pancreatitis, which enabled early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dilatation ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Pancreas ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Pancreatitis ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors