ObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanism of Shenqi Jianxin Formula （参芪健心方） in the treatment of chronic heart failure （CHF） from the perspective of regulating mitochondrial autophagy via the PTEN-induced kinase 1 （PINK1）/E3 ubiquitin ligase （Parkin） pathway. MethodsMale SD rats were subjected to abdominal aortic constriction to establish the CHF model. Twenty-four successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group， sacubitril/valsartan group， and low- and high-dose Shenqi Jianxin Formula groups， with 6 rats in each group. Six other rats were set as the sham surgery group， which were only separated the abdominal aorta and then closed the abdomen. Rats in the low-dose and high-dose Shenqi Jianxin Formula groups were given intragastric administration of Shenqi Jianxin Formula suspension at doses of 4.41 g/（kg·d） and 17.64 g/（kg·d）， respectively； the sacubitril/valsartan group received intragastric administration of sacubitril/valsartan sodium tablet suspension at 10 mg/（kg·d）； the sham surgery group and the model group were given normal saline at 10 ml/（kg·d） via intragastric gavage. The intervention lasted for 4 consecutive weeks. Cardiac function indices including left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） and left ventricular fractional shortening （LVFS） were detected， and serum brain natriuretic peptide （BNP） content was measured. HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe myocardial histopathological changes. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to examine the ultrastructure of cardiac tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （Rt-qPCR） was performed to determine the mRNA expressions of PINK1/Parkin pathway-related factors and autophagy-associated proteins including Beclin-1， p62， and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3） in myocardial tissues. ResultsCompared with the sham surgery group， the model group showed significant decreases in LVEF and LVFS levels， an increase in serum BNP content， down-regulated mRNA and protein expressions of PINK1， Parkin and Beclin-1 in cardiac tissues， up-regulated mRNA and protein expressions of p62， as well as significant reductions in LC3B mRNA expression， phosphorylated PTEN-induced kinase 1 （p-PINK1） and phosphorylated E3 ubiquitin ligase （p-Parkin） protein levels， and the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅱ to microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅰ （LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ） （P＜0.05）. Pathological results revealed obvious myocardial cell edema， necrosis and degeneration， increased disorder of myocardial fiber arrangement， extensive inflammatory cell infiltration， moderate to severe mitochondrial swelling， a few mitochondrial vacuolar changes， and no obvious autophagy in the field of vision in the model group. Compared with the model group， all the above indicators were significantly improved in the high-dose Shenqi Jianxin Formula group and the sacubitril/valsartan group （P＜0.05）. Moreover， the improvement of each index in the high-dose Shenqi Jianxin Formula group was superior to that in the low-dose group （P＜0.05）. In the high-dose Shenqi Jianxin Formula group， myocardial myofibrils were arranged regularly with orderly orientation， the striated structure was clear， and necrotic cells significantly reduced. ConclusionShenqi Jianxin Formula can activate the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in myocardial tissues， enhance mitochondrial autophagy， and clear dysfunctional mitochondria， thereby improving cardiac function and delaying the progression of CHF.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of eleutheroside B （ELB） on Parkinson’s disease （PD） model mice by regulating the IκB kinase β （IKKβ）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway. METHODS Fifty mice were randomly divided into normal control group， model group， positive control group （selegiline hydrochloride， 10 mg/kg）， and ELB low-dose and high-dose groups （80， 160 mg/kg）， with 10 mice in each group. Each group was given relevant medicine or normal saline intragastrically for 14 consecutive days. Starting from the 10th day of administration， the model group and all administration groups were intraperitoneally injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1，2，3，6-tetrahydropyridine （MPTP） 30 mg/kg， for five consecutive days to establish the chronic PD model. After the last administration for 24 h， six mice were randomly selected from each group to test their behavioral abilities； detect the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-10， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in brain tissue and their mRNA expressions were measured， and positive expression of tyrosine hydroxylase （TH）， protein expressions of TH， α -synuclein （ α -syn）， ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 （Iba-1）， as well as phosphorylation levels of IKKβ and NF-κB p65 proteins in the brain tissue were detected. The ultrastructure of neurons in substantia nigra was observed. RESULTS Compared with the model group， rotarod endurance time and climbing score of each administration group （except for the ELB low-dose group） were increased significantly （ P ＜0.05）， while the levels and mRNA expressions of IL-1β， TNF-α， α -syn， and Iba-1， as well as phosphorylation levels of IKKβ and NF-κB p65 proteins in brain tissue were decreased significantly （except for TNF-α in the ELB low-dose group）. Conversely， the level and mRNA expression of IL-10 （except for the ELB low-dose group）， TH positive expression and protein expressions were significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）. Typical neurodegenerative pathological changes， such as neuronal karyopyknosis， mitochondrial swelling and vacuolization， and endoplasmic reticulum dilation， all showed varying degrees of improvement. CONCLUSIONS ELB may exert neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the activation of the IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway， alleviating inflammatory responses， reducing abnormal α -syn aggregation and neuronal loss， and further improving motor dysfunction in PD mice.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension(CTEPH)is a severe form of pulmonary hypertension(PH),and is classified as the fourth major category of pulmonary arterial hypertension.CTEPH is primarily caused by chronic thrombosis,leading to the obstruction of blood flow in the pulmonary arteries and result ing in a sustained increase in pulmonary artery pressure.The unclear pathogenesis of CTEPH,however,means that its early diagnosis is challenging,treatment options are limited,and prognosis assessment is often inaccurate.In-depth research into these mechanisms will thus improve our understanding of the pathophysiological processes of CTEPH,and also provide a theoretical basis for developing new therapeutic strategies.This review focuses on the current method of establishing CTEPH rat models and their advantages and disadvantages,offering researchers a reference for selecting and constructing CTEPH rat models.

Objective:To explore the effect of the forward moving pelvic floor exercise program in urinary incontinence management among patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.Methods:From June 2022 to January 2024, 150 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy of the Urology Surgery Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected using convenience sampling. Patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 75 cases in each group. Control group received conventional perioperative management for prostate cancer, while observation group implemented a forward moving pelvic floor exercise program in addition to conventional management. The incidence of urinary incontinence, urinary control capabilities before and after intervention (including maximum urinary flow rate, average urinary flow rate, voided urine volume, and residual urine volume), and quality of life scores [evaluated using the Chinese version of the Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire (I-QOL) ] were compared between two groups of patients.Results:The incidence of urinary incontinence of observation group was lower than that of control group. Furthermore, patients with urinary incontinence in observation group exhibited significantly lower urine leakage volume and fewer episodes of urinary incontinence over 24 hours at one month postoperatively compared to control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in maximum urinary flow rate, average urinary flow rate, voided urine volume, or residual urine volume between the two groups before intervention ( P>0.05). Following intervention, both groups demonstrated increased maximum urinary flow rate, average urinary flow rate, and voided urine volume compared to baseline, with observation group exhibiting higher values than control group ( P<0.05), and residual urine volume of both groups decreased compared to baseline, with observation group showing lower values than control group, these differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The difference in I-QOL scores between the two groups before intervention was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Following intervention, I-QOL scores decreased in both groups, but observation group had higher score than control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The forward moving pelvic floor exercise program effectively reduces the incidence of urinary incontinence in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, alleviates the severity of incontinence, and improves both urodynamic outcomes and quality of life.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of delayed bleeding after colonic polyp resection.Methods 700 patients with colonic polyps admitted to General medical treatment Hanzhong 3201 hospital from January 2022 to May 2023 were included as the research object,and all patients were treated with colonoscopy polypectomy.According to whether Post-procedural bleeding(PPB)occurred after operation,they were divided into two groups:the group with PPB occurrence(n=85 cases)and the group without PPB occurrence(n=615 cases).The general data,clinical data and operation-related data of the two groups were analyzed by univariate analysis.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of postoperative PPB,and receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of risk factors.Results 700 patients in this study were all treated by colon polypectomy,and 85 patients(12.14％)developed PPB within 30 days after operation,that is,the incidence of PPB in this study was 12.14％.There was significant difference in sex,age,hypertension and treatment history of thrombosis between the two groups(P＜0.05).There was significant difference in the morphology,diameter and surgical methods between the two groups(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that polyp morphology(stalk),polyp diameter(＞1 cm),Endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)and Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)were the risk factors for postoperative PPB(P＜0.05).The ROC curve showed that the area under curve of polypoid-shaped is 0.653,95％CI is 0.616-0.688,the AUC of polyp-diameter is 0.741,95％CI is 0.707-0.773;and in the way of operation,the AUC of argon plasma coagulation/ESD is 0.730,95％CI is 0.713-0.802,the AUC of EMR/ESD is 0.541,95％CI is 0.498-0.584,the AUC of APC/EMR is 0.604 and 95％CI is 0.565-0.641.Conclusion Polyp pedicled,diameter＞1 cm,EMR and ESD are the risk factors for postoperative PPB.

Objective To investigate the impact of mitophagy,mediated by the long non-coding RNA SNHG16(LncRNA SNHG16)on diabetes-associated cognitive impairment(DCI).Methods 29 male C57BL/J mice were randomly divided into normal control(NC)group,DCI group and DCI+mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor(DCI+Mdivi-1)group.Morris water maze and new object recognition test were used to detect the cognitive function of mice,qRT-CPR was used to detect the expression of LncRNA SNHG16 and mitochondrial autophagy marker mRNA.Western blot were used to detect the expression of related protein.The mouse hippocampal neurons HT22 were divided into control(Con)group,high glucose(HG)group,HG+SNHG16 silencing(HG+sh-SNHG16)group and HG+no-load control(HG+sh-NC)group.CCK8 method and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)method were used to detect neuronal damage.JC-1 method was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential.Results Compared with NC group,the expression of LncRNA SNHG16 and the expression of autophagy-related gene 5,PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1),Parkin and microtubule associated protein light chain 3(LC3)Ⅱ/Ⅰ increased(P<0.05),while the expression of mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins P62 and mitochondrial outer membrane transposase 20(TOMM20)decreased in T2DM group.Compared with DCI group,the cognitive dysfunction of mice improved,and the expression level of LncRNA SNHG16 decreased in the DCI+Mdivi-1 group(P<0.05).The expressions of LncRNA SNHG16,LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ,PINK1 and Parkin were higher in HG group than in Con group(P<0.05),while the cell survival rate and TOMM20 protein expression were lower in HG group than in Con group(P<0.05).Silence of LncRNA SNHG16 can restore the activity of HT22 cells and mitochondrial membrane potential,and reduce the level of mitochondrial autophagy under HG condition.Conclusions The expression level of LncRNA SNHG16 was up-regulated in the hippocampus brain region of mice with diabetic cognitive dysfunction,and mitophagy was overactivated.Silencing of LncRNA SNHG16 inhibits mitophagy in hippocampal neurons and alleviates HG induced hippocampal neuronal damage.

Objective:To explore the effect of the forward moving pelvic floor exercise program in urinary incontinence management among patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.Methods:From June 2022 to January 2024, 150 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy of the Urology Surgery Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected using convenience sampling. Patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 75 cases in each group. Control group received conventional perioperative management for prostate cancer, while observation group implemented a forward moving pelvic floor exercise program in addition to conventional management. The incidence of urinary incontinence, urinary control capabilities before and after intervention (including maximum urinary flow rate, average urinary flow rate, voided urine volume, and residual urine volume), and quality of life scores [evaluated using the Chinese version of the Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire (I-QOL) ] were compared between two groups of patients.Results:The incidence of urinary incontinence of observation group was lower than that of control group. Furthermore, patients with urinary incontinence in observation group exhibited significantly lower urine leakage volume and fewer episodes of urinary incontinence over 24 hours at one month postoperatively compared to control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in maximum urinary flow rate, average urinary flow rate, voided urine volume, or residual urine volume between the two groups before intervention ( P>0.05). Following intervention, both groups demonstrated increased maximum urinary flow rate, average urinary flow rate, and voided urine volume compared to baseline, with observation group exhibiting higher values than control group ( P<0.05), and residual urine volume of both groups decreased compared to baseline, with observation group showing lower values than control group, these differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The difference in I-QOL scores between the two groups before intervention was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Following intervention, I-QOL scores decreased in both groups, but observation group had higher score than control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The forward moving pelvic floor exercise program effectively reduces the incidence of urinary incontinence in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, alleviates the severity of incontinence, and improves both urodynamic outcomes and quality of life.

Aim To investigate the anti-Zika virus(ZIKV)mechanism of diterpenoid compound 9 from Euphorbia helioscopia in vitro.Methods The cytotox-icity of compound 9 was evaluated using the CCK-8 as-say.A ZIKV-infected Vero cell model was established,and the antiviral activity was assessed through RT-qPCR,plaque assay,Western blot,and immunofluores-cence.Furthermore,the mechanism of action was elu-cidated using multi-cell line validation,nanoparticle tracking analysis,cellular thermal shift assay,and mo-lecular docking.Results In Vero cells,compound 9 exhibited an EC50 of(3.95±0.15)μmol·L-1 and a CC50 of(272.12±8.56)μmol·L-1,demonstrating significantly higher antiviral efficacy than the positive control drug ribavirin(RBV).Its virus inactivation effect was time-dependent and could significantly re-duce viral load and plaque formation.Studies revealed that compound 9 altered the physicochemical properties of ZIKV particles,including reducing surface charge and increasing particle size distribution.Additionally,it significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the prM protein.Molecular docking analysis indicated that compound 9 formed a high-affinity interaction with the prM protein(binding energy:-38.52 kJ·mol-1)and stabilized its structure through hydrophobic interac-tions.Conclusion Compound 9 exerts in vitro anti-ZIKV activity by directly inactivating the virus,disrup-ting viral particle integrity,and targeting the prM pro-tein.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trend of hospitalization of the patients with herpes zoster in Beijing from 2017 to 2022.Methods:In this retrospective study, the information of hospitalization of herpes zoster patients were collected from all medical institutions at the first level and above in Xicheng, Changping, and Miyun districts of Beijing. The age and gender specific hospitalization rates and age-standardized hospitalization rates were calculated. Joinpoint regression model was used to explore the trend of the hospitalization rates, and the influencing factors of the hospital stay length and complications were analyzed.Results:The age-standardized hospitalization rate of the patients with herpes zoster was 10.82/100 000-18.43/100 000 in Beijing from 2017 to 2022 [annual percent change (APC) =5.86%, 95% CI: -2.80%-15.98%]. The age-standardized hospitalization rate of the cases with herpes zoster as the main diagnosis showed an upward trend (APC=11.35%, 95% CI: 7.21%-16.23%). The age-standardized hospitalization rate showed an upward trend in women (APC=14.34%, 95% CI: 7.95%-22.37%). The hospitalization rate showed a downward trend in age group 30-39 years (APC=-24.92%, 95% CI: -48.56% - -1.85%) and showed upward trends in age group 70-79 years and 80-109 years (APC=23.18%, 95% CI: 13.53%-35.58%; APC=4.90%, 95% CI: 1.18%-9.19%). Complications occurred in 66.28% (680/1 026) of the patients. The median hospital stay length was 9 (5,15) days, and the patients with high age (≥80 years) and two or more complications had longer hospital stay, which were 12 (6, 23) and 14 (7, 27) days respectively ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The hospitalization rate in women and the elderly aged ≥70 years with herpes zoster as the main diagnosis showed upward trends in Beijing in recent years. The elderly aged ≥80 years usually had longer hospital stay, showing a relatively disease burden level. More attention should be paid to development of intervention strategies, such as vaccine, for this population.

Objective To investigate the impact of mitophagy,mediated by the long non-coding RNA SNHG16(LncRNA SNHG16)on diabetes-associated cognitive impairment(DCI).Methods 29 male C57BL/J mice were randomly divided into normal control(NC)group,DCI group and DCI+mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor(DCI+Mdivi-1)group.Morris water maze and new object recognition test were used to detect the cognitive function of mice,qRT-CPR was used to detect the expression of LncRNA SNHG16 and mitochondrial autophagy marker mRNA.Western blot were used to detect the expression of related protein.The mouse hippocampal neurons HT22 were divided into control(Con)group,high glucose(HG)group,HG+SNHG16 silencing(HG+sh-SNHG16)group and HG+no-load control(HG+sh-NC)group.CCK8 method and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)method were used to detect neuronal damage.JC-1 method was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential.Results Compared with NC group,the expression of LncRNA SNHG16 and the expression of autophagy-related gene 5,PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1),Parkin and microtubule associated protein light chain 3(LC3)Ⅱ/Ⅰ increased(P<0.05),while the expression of mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins P62 and mitochondrial outer membrane transposase 20(TOMM20)decreased in T2DM group.Compared with DCI group,the cognitive dysfunction of mice improved,and the expression level of LncRNA SNHG16 decreased in the DCI+Mdivi-1 group(P<0.05).The expressions of LncRNA SNHG16,LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ,PINK1 and Parkin were higher in HG group than in Con group(P<0.05),while the cell survival rate and TOMM20 protein expression were lower in HG group than in Con group(P<0.05).Silence of LncRNA SNHG16 can restore the activity of HT22 cells and mitochondrial membrane potential,and reduce the level of mitochondrial autophagy under HG condition.Conclusions The expression level of LncRNA SNHG16 was up-regulated in the hippocampus brain region of mice with diabetic cognitive dysfunction,and mitophagy was overactivated.Silencing of LncRNA SNHG16 inhibits mitophagy in hippocampal neurons and alleviates HG induced hippocampal neuronal damage.