Abstract The prevention and control of myopia in Chinese children and adolescents has become a major public health issue. While maintaining increased outdoor activity as a cornerstone intervention, there is an urgent need to explore new complementary approaches that can be effectively implemented in both indoor and outdoor settings. In recent years, environmental spatial frequency has gained increasing attention as one of the key environmental factors influencing the development and progression of myopia. Both animal studies and human research have confirmed that indoor environments lacking mid to high spatial frequency components, often characterized as "visually impoverished", can promote axial elongation and myopia through mechanisms such as disruption of retinal neural signaling, impaired accommodative function, and altered expression of related molecules. Based on the scientific consensus, it is recommended that "enriching of environmental spatial frequency" should be integrated into the myopia prevention and control framework. Following the principles of schoolled organization, family cooperation, community involvement, and student participation, specific measures are put forward in three areas：optimizing school visual settings, improving home spatial environments, and promoting healthy visual behavior. The aim is to create "visually friendly" indoor environments as an important supplement to outdoor activity, thereby providing a novel perspective and strategy for comprehensively advancing myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents.

Intelligent prescription recommendation has become an important research direction in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), offering new opportunities to support clinical decision-making and promote the modernization of TCM practice. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), a variety of computational approaches have been proposed to learn prescription patterns from clinical data and generate personalized treatment recommendations. However, despite increasing research activity, systematic and comprehensive reviews of AI-driven methods for TCM prescription recommendation remain limited. In this study, we present a comprehensive review of computational approaches for herbal prescription recommendation (HPR) in TCM. Existing methods are systematically categorized into several major paradigms, including traditional machine learning methods, topic model methods, sequential generative methods, deep learning and graph-based methods, and large language model–based frameworks. In addition to summarizing methodological developments, we also review commonly used public datasets and evaluation metrics in this field. Furthermore, representative models with publicly available implementations are experimentally evaluated on multiple benchmark datasets to provide a comparative analysis of their performance on the HPR task. Finally, we discuss the key challenges that hinder the practical deployment of intelligent prescription recommendation systems, including data heterogeneity, limited interpretability, and insufficient integration of TCM domain knowledge. Future research directions are outlined to facilitate the development of more reliable, interpretable, and clinically applicable AI-assisted HPR systems for TCM.

Chemical constituents of n-butanol fraction of ethanol extract from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batalin) Iljinskaja were studied. Ten compounds were purified by silica gel, MCI, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Based on the physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data, these compounds were identified as (4S)-4,8-dihydroxy-α-tetralone-5-[6′-(3′′,5′′-dimethoxy-(E)-p-coumaroyl)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (4S)-4,8-dihydroxy-α-tetralone-5-[6′-(E)-feruloyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (1S,3R,4S,5R)-4,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid methyl ester (3), (1R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid methyl ester (4), (3R,5R)-3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (5), (1R,3R,4S,5R)-3-O-caffeoyl-5-O-p-coumaroyl quinic acid methyl ester (6), (1R,3R,4S,5R)-3-O-p-coumaroy-4-O-caffeoyl quinic acid methyl ester (7), (1R,3R,4S,5R)-3-O-caffeoyl-4-O-p-coumaroy quinic acid methyl ester (8), (3R,5R)-3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid methyl ester (9) and (1S,3R,4R,5R)-4-O-caffeoyl-5-O-feruloyl quinic acid methyl ester (10). Among them, compound 1 was a new compound, and compounds 3–10 were isolated from the genus Cyclocarya for the first time.

The working principle of Bausch&Lomb BL11110 phacoemulsification system was described.Three cases of typical faults of the phacoemulsification system were introduced,and the causes were analyzed,then the maintenance measures were given accordingly.References were provided for diagnosing and eliminating the faults of the phacoemulsification system.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(4):118-120]

Objective To evaluate the efficacy,safety and economy of vonoprazan in the treatment of post-endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)ulcer by rapid health technology assessment method,and to provide reference for clinical treatment decision.Methods PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,ScienceDirect,CNKI,WanFang Data databases and the official website of health technology assessment(HTA)agency were electronically searched to collect HTA reports,systematic reviews/Meta-analysis and pharmacoeconomic studies of vonoprazan in the treatment of post-ESD ulcer from inception to July 31,2024.Two researchers independently screened literature,extracted data,and comprehensively analyzed the results of the included literature on the basis of literature quality evaluation.Results A total of 8 studies were included,all were systematic reviews/Meta-analysis.In terms of effectiveness,compared with proton pump inhibitors(PPI),vonoprazan significantly increased the overall ulcer healing rate after ESD and more rapid reduction of ulcer area(P<0.05).The results of subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in ulcer healing rate between vonoprazan and PPI treatment at 4 or 8 weeks after ESD(P>0.05).Vonoprazan significantly increased the rate of postoperative ulcer reduction in H.pylori positive patients compared with PPI(P<0.05).In terms of safety,compared with PPI,vonoprazan reduced the incidence of overall adverse events rate(P<0.05).The difference in the incidence of delayed bleeding and ulcer perforation between vonoprazan and PPIs showed no statistically significant difference.(P>0.05).Conclusion Vonoprazan demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety in the treatment of ESD ulcers,and further economic studies are warranted.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy,safety and economy of vonoprazan in the treatment of post-endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)ulcer by rapid health technology assessment method,and to provide reference for clinical treatment decision.Methods PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,ScienceDirect,CNKI,WanFang Data databases and the official website of health technology assessment(HTA)agency were electronically searched to collect HTA reports,systematic reviews/Meta-analysis and pharmacoeconomic studies of vonoprazan in the treatment of post-ESD ulcer from inception to July 31,2024.Two researchers independently screened literature,extracted data,and comprehensively analyzed the results of the included literature on the basis of literature quality evaluation.Results A total of 8 studies were included,all were systematic reviews/Meta-analysis.In terms of effectiveness,compared with proton pump inhibitors(PPI),vonoprazan significantly increased the overall ulcer healing rate after ESD and more rapid reduction of ulcer area(P<0.05).The results of subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in ulcer healing rate between vonoprazan and PPI treatment at 4 or 8 weeks after ESD(P>0.05).Vonoprazan significantly increased the rate of postoperative ulcer reduction in H.pylori positive patients compared with PPI(P<0.05).In terms of safety,compared with PPI,vonoprazan reduced the incidence of overall adverse events rate(P<0.05).The difference in the incidence of delayed bleeding and ulcer perforation between vonoprazan and PPIs showed no statistically significant difference.(P>0.05).Conclusion Vonoprazan demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety in the treatment of ESD ulcers,and further economic studies are warranted.

Objective To analyze differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)in the hippocampal tissue of an amyloid-beta 1-42(Aβ1-42)-induced Alzheimer's disease(AD)rat model using Tandem mass tag(TMT)-based quantitative proteomics,followed by bioinformatic analysis to explore potential AD mechanisms.Methods Twelve male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly assigned to a control group(n=6)and a model group(n=6).The AD model was established by bilateral hippocampal injection of Aβ1-42 in the model group,while the control group received an equivalent volume of saline.Cognitive function was assessed using the novel object recognition test,and hippocampal Aβ deposition was detected by immunofluorescence.DEPs were identified using TMT-based proteomics and subsequently analyzed via Gene Ontology(GO)annotation,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment,and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis.Key DEPs were validated using parallel reaction monitoring(PRM)technology.Results The model group exhibited a significantly lower novel object recognition index(P<0.01)and significantly increased hippocampal Aβ deposition(P<0.01)compared to the control group.Proteomic analysis identified 183 DEPs(87 upregulated,96 downregulated).GO analysis revealed that DEPs were primarily enriched in processes such as amyloid-beta binding and ion transmembrane transport.KEGG analysis indicated significant enrichment in 42 pathways,including dopaminergic synapse,glutamatergic synapse,cholinergic synapse,and long-term potentiation.Ten core DEPs were identified from the PPI network,and PRM validation confirmed expression trends consistent with the TMT results.Conclusion Aβ1-42-induced AD involves the synergistic action of multiple targets,biological processes,and pathways.The activation of glutamatergic and dopaminergic synaptic signaling pathways,mediated by core DEPs(e.g.,Th、D1、VGLUT2、GluN2A、GluA1、GluA3、Shank1、DARPP-32、PKC-δ、PKC-α、PKA C-β、CaMKⅡα、PTK2B),likely represents a key molecular mechanism in this AD model,providing a basis for identifying potential therapeutic targets.

Objective To analyze differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)in the hippocampal tissue of an amyloid-beta 1-42(Aβ1-42)-induced Alzheimer's disease(AD)rat model using Tandem mass tag(TMT)-based quantitative proteomics,followed by bioinformatic analysis to explore potential AD mechanisms.Methods Twelve male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly assigned to a control group(n=6)and a model group(n=6).The AD model was established by bilateral hippocampal injection of Aβ1-42 in the model group,while the control group received an equivalent volume of saline.Cognitive function was assessed using the novel object recognition test,and hippocampal Aβ deposition was detected by immunofluorescence.DEPs were identified using TMT-based proteomics and subsequently analyzed via Gene Ontology(GO)annotation,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment,and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis.Key DEPs were validated using parallel reaction monitoring(PRM)technology.Results The model group exhibited a significantly lower novel object recognition index(P<0.01)and significantly increased hippocampal Aβ deposition(P<0.01)compared to the control group.Proteomic analysis identified 183 DEPs(87 upregulated,96 downregulated).GO analysis revealed that DEPs were primarily enriched in processes such as amyloid-beta binding and ion transmembrane transport.KEGG analysis indicated significant enrichment in 42 pathways,including dopaminergic synapse,glutamatergic synapse,cholinergic synapse,and long-term potentiation.Ten core DEPs were identified from the PPI network,and PRM validation confirmed expression trends consistent with the TMT results.Conclusion Aβ1-42-induced AD involves the synergistic action of multiple targets,biological processes,and pathways.The activation of glutamatergic and dopaminergic synaptic signaling pathways,mediated by core DEPs(e.g.,Th、D1、VGLUT2、GluN2A、GluA1、GluA3、Shank1、DARPP-32、PKC-δ、PKC-α、PKA C-β、CaMKⅡα、PTK2B),likely represents a key molecular mechanism in this AD model,providing a basis for identifying potential therapeutic targets.

The working principle of Bausch&Lomb BL11110 phacoemulsification system was described.Three cases of typical faults of the phacoemulsification system were introduced,and the causes were analyzed,then the maintenance measures were given accordingly.References were provided for diagnosing and eliminating the faults of the phacoemulsification system.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(4):118-120]

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Data of H.influenzae and M.catarrhalis strains isolated from 2015 to 2021 in CHINET program were collected for analysis,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method or automated systems according to the uniform protocol of CHINET.The results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints in 2022.Beta-lactamases was detected by using nitrocefin disk.Results From 2015 to 2021,a total of 43 642 strains of Haemophilus species were isolated,accounting for 2.91％of the total clinical isolates and 4.07％of Gram-negative bacteria in CHINET program.Among the 40 437 strains of H.influenzae,66.89％were isolated from children and 33.11％were isolated from adults.More than 90％of the H.influenzae strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 53.79％in H.influenzae strains.The H.influenzae strains isolated from children showed higher resistance rate than the strains isolated from adults.Overall,779 strains of H.influenzae did not produce β-lactamase but were resistant to ampicillin(BLNAR).Beta-lactamase-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to these antimicrobial agents than the β-lactamase-nonproducing strains.Of the 16 191 M.catarrhalis strains,80.06％were isolated from children and 19.94％isolated from adults.M.catarrhalis strains were mostly susceptible to both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime,evidenced by resistance rate lower than 2.0％.Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant H.influenzae due to β-lactamase production poses a challenge for clinical anti-infective treatment.Therefore,it is very important to implement antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae and guide rational antibiotic use.All local clinical microbiology laboratories should actively improve antibiotic susceptibility testing and strengthen antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae.