BACKGROUND:Collagen combined with microneedling therapy has gradually become an important means of improving skin photoaging.OBJECTIVE:To summarize and explore the main mechanism and clinical application status of collagen combined with microneedle therapy.METHODS:PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and ScienceDirect databases were searched for Chinese and English literature published before August 2024.Chinese and English search terms were"ultraviolet radiation,photoaging,collagen,microneedling,clinical applications."Finally,74 articles were included for summary.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Collagen treats skin photoaging through mechanisms such as inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase expression,retaining skin moisture,and reducing melanin formation.Microneedles can better promote the penetration of collagen into deep layers of the skin,breaking down the skin's barrier and increasing the absorption rate.Collagen combined with microneedles has various beneficial effects for treating skin photoaging,such as whitening,anti-wrinkle,improving skin elasticity,shrinking pores,and repairing skin barriers.It also has the advantages of easy operation,significant effects,and high safety.Currently,the research on collagen combined with microneedling therapy is still in its early stages,and achieving clinical application may become a key research direction in the future.The clinical application of collagen combined with microneedles for the treatment of photoaging still faces many challenges,such as exploring the optimal mechanical structure and materials of microneedles,selecting appropriate microneedle types,and insufficient clinical evidence that collagen combined with microneedles can further delay the treatment of skin photoaging.

ObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanism of Shenqi Jianxin Formula （参芪健心方） in the treatment of chronic heart failure （CHF） from the perspective of regulating mitochondrial autophagy via the PTEN-induced kinase 1 （PINK1）/E3 ubiquitin ligase （Parkin） pathway. MethodsMale SD rats were subjected to abdominal aortic constriction to establish the CHF model. Twenty-four successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group， sacubitril/valsartan group， and low- and high-dose Shenqi Jianxin Formula groups， with 6 rats in each group. Six other rats were set as the sham surgery group， which were only separated the abdominal aorta and then closed the abdomen. Rats in the low-dose and high-dose Shenqi Jianxin Formula groups were given intragastric administration of Shenqi Jianxin Formula suspension at doses of 4.41 g/（kg·d） and 17.64 g/（kg·d）， respectively； the sacubitril/valsartan group received intragastric administration of sacubitril/valsartan sodium tablet suspension at 10 mg/（kg·d）； the sham surgery group and the model group were given normal saline at 10 ml/（kg·d） via intragastric gavage. The intervention lasted for 4 consecutive weeks. Cardiac function indices including left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） and left ventricular fractional shortening （LVFS） were detected， and serum brain natriuretic peptide （BNP） content was measured. HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe myocardial histopathological changes. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to examine the ultrastructure of cardiac tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （Rt-qPCR） was performed to determine the mRNA expressions of PINK1/Parkin pathway-related factors and autophagy-associated proteins including Beclin-1， p62， and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3） in myocardial tissues. ResultsCompared with the sham surgery group， the model group showed significant decreases in LVEF and LVFS levels， an increase in serum BNP content， down-regulated mRNA and protein expressions of PINK1， Parkin and Beclin-1 in cardiac tissues， up-regulated mRNA and protein expressions of p62， as well as significant reductions in LC3B mRNA expression， phosphorylated PTEN-induced kinase 1 （p-PINK1） and phosphorylated E3 ubiquitin ligase （p-Parkin） protein levels， and the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅱ to microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅰ （LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ） （P＜0.05）. Pathological results revealed obvious myocardial cell edema， necrosis and degeneration， increased disorder of myocardial fiber arrangement， extensive inflammatory cell infiltration， moderate to severe mitochondrial swelling， a few mitochondrial vacuolar changes， and no obvious autophagy in the field of vision in the model group. Compared with the model group， all the above indicators were significantly improved in the high-dose Shenqi Jianxin Formula group and the sacubitril/valsartan group （P＜0.05）. Moreover， the improvement of each index in the high-dose Shenqi Jianxin Formula group was superior to that in the low-dose group （P＜0.05）. In the high-dose Shenqi Jianxin Formula group， myocardial myofibrils were arranged regularly with orderly orientation， the striated structure was clear， and necrotic cells significantly reduced. ConclusionShenqi Jianxin Formula can activate the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in myocardial tissues， enhance mitochondrial autophagy， and clear dysfunctional mitochondria， thereby improving cardiac function and delaying the progression of CHF.

Objective To elucidate the molecular mechanism of sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis in human renal tubular epithelial cells. Methods Cells were stimulated with different concentrations of H₂O₂ and divided into four groups: control (NC), 50 μmol/L H₂O₂, 110 μmol/L H₂O₂ and 150 μmol/L H₂O₂. SIRT3 protein expression was then measured. SIRT3 was knocked down with siRNA, and cells were further assigned to five groups: control (NC), negative-control siRNA (NCsi), SIRT3-siRNA (siSIRT3), NCsi+H₂O₂, and siSIRT3+H₂O₂. After 24 h, cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and mitochondrial superoxide anion (O₂•⁻) levels were determined, together with mitochondrial expression of SIRT3, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), acetylated-SOD2 and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1). Results The 110 and 150 μmol/L H₂O₂ decreased SIRT3 protein (both P<0.05). ATP and mitochondrial O₂•⁻ did not differ between NC and NCsi groups (both P>0.05). Compared to the NCsi group, the siSIRT3 group exhibited elevated O₂•⁻ level, decreased SIRT3 protein and increased expression levels of SOD2 and acetylated SOD2 protein (all P<0.05). Compared to the NCsi group, the NCsi+H₂O₂ group exhibited decreased cellular ATP levels, elevated mitochondrial O₂•⁻ levels, and reduced protein expression levels of SIRT3, SOD2, TFAM, AMPKα1, PGC-1α and NRF1 (all P<0.05). Compared with the siSIRT3 group, the siSIRT3+H₂O₂ group showed a decrease in cellular ATP levels, an increase in mitochondrial O₂•⁻ levels, a decrease in SIRT3, SOD2, TFAM, AMPKα1, PGC-1α and NRF1 protein expression levels and a decrease in acetylated SOD2 protein expression levels (all P<0.05). Compared with the NCsi+H₂O₂ group, the siSIRT3+H₂O₂ group showed a decrease in cellular ATP levels, an increase in mitochondrial O₂•⁻ levels, a decrease in SIRT3, AMPKα1, PGC-1α and NRF1, TFAM protein expression levels, and an increase in SOD2 and acetylated SOD2 protein expression levels (all P<0.05). Conclusions SIRT3 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in tubular epithelial cells via the AMPK/PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM axis, representing a key mechanism through which SIRT3 ameliorates oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.

BACKGROUND:Collagen combined with microneedling therapy has gradually become an important means of improving skin photoaging.OBJECTIVE:To summarize and explore the main mechanism and clinical application status of collagen combined with microneedle therapy.METHODS:PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and ScienceDirect databases were searched for Chinese and English literature published before August 2024.Chinese and English search terms were"ultraviolet radiation,photoaging,collagen,microneedling,clinical applications."Finally,74 articles were included for summary.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Collagen treats skin photoaging through mechanisms such as inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase expression,retaining skin moisture,and reducing melanin formation.Microneedles can better promote the penetration of collagen into deep layers of the skin,breaking down the skin's barrier and increasing the absorption rate.Collagen combined with microneedles has various beneficial effects for treating skin photoaging,such as whitening,anti-wrinkle,improving skin elasticity,shrinking pores,and repairing skin barriers.It also has the advantages of easy operation,significant effects,and high safety.Currently,the research on collagen combined with microneedling therapy is still in its early stages,and achieving clinical application may become a key research direction in the future.The clinical application of collagen combined with microneedles for the treatment of photoaging still faces many challenges,such as exploring the optimal mechanical structure and materials of microneedles,selecting appropriate microneedle types,and insufficient clinical evidence that collagen combined with microneedles can further delay the treatment of skin photoaging.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of a combined immunosuppression regimen in modulating rejection in genetically modified pig-to-macaque xenogeneic heart transplantation.Methods Two xenogeneic heart transplantation models were constructed using genetically modified pigs and macaques.Dynamic monitoring of recipient peripheral blood immune parameters and observation of graft pathological changes were performed.Results Regimen 1,featuring B-cell depletion,T-cell inhibition,and C3 complement suppression,reduced lymphocyte levels but failed to control acute humoral rejection and macrophage infiltration.Regimen 2,adding C5 complement inhibition and interleukin-6 inhibition to Regimen 1,more effectively lowered lymphocyte levels,inhibited acute humoral rejection and complement activation,and decreased antibody deposition.However,a late-phase cytokine storm and residual T cells emerged.Conclusions Regimen 2 reduces the hyperacute and acute rejection risks through multi-target intervention.Yet,it requires balancing medication complexity and safety.This indicates the need to optimize cellular immune regulation and adjust the plan through dynamic multidimensional monitoring.

Objectives:To observe the changes in spinopelvic sagittal plane parameters after percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP)in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF),and to explore their impacts on adjacent vertebral compression fracture(AVCF).Methods:201 patients with OVCF who underwent PKP in our hospital from May 2018 to November 2022 were selected as the study subjects.The patients were followed up for 2 years after PKP surgery,and were divided into AVCF group(n=44)and non AVCF group(n=157)based on whether AVCF occurred during the follow-up period.The spinopelvic sagittal parameters,visual analogue scale(VAS)scores,and Oswestry disability index(ODI)were compared between the two groups of patients before operation and at 1 week,1 month,and 3 months after surgery.Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlations between the spinopelvic sagittal parameters in the AVCF group and non AVCF group at 3 months after surgery;Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between spinopelvic sagittal parameters and AVCF after PKP surgery.The receiver operating charactertics(ROC)curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of various spinopelvic sagittal parameters for AVCF in patients with OVCF after PKP.Results:The baseline VAS score and ODI of patients in the AVCF group were significantly higher than those in the non AVCF group(P＜0.05).3 months after surgery,the VAS score and ODI of both groups were significantly reduced,and the non AVCF group was significantly lower than the AVCF group(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in pelvic tilt(PT),sagittal vertical axis(SVA),T1 pelvic angle(TPA),sacral slope(SS),lumbar lordosis(LL),and pelvic incidence(PI)between the two groups at different time points(P＜0.05).The non AVCF group showed a significant difference in thoracic kyphosis(TK)before and after operation(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in thoracolumbar kyphosis(TLK)and PT(P＞0.05),while there were significant differences in SVA,PI,TPA,LL,SS,and TK(P＜0.05)between the two groups of patients at the same time points.In the non AVCF group,SVA was associated with TPA,TK,TLK,LL,and PT,TPA was associated with TK,TLK,LL,PI,SS,and PT,TK was associated with TLK,PT,and SS,TLK was associated with LL,PI,and PT,LL was associated with PT and SS,and PT was associated with SS at 3 months after surgery(P＜0.05).In the AVCF group,SVA was correlated with TPA,TPA was correlated with LL,PI,PT,and SS,and PT was correlated with PI and SS(P＜0.05).TK,SVA,PI,SS,TPA and LL were significantly correlated with AVCF after PKP in OVCF patients(P＜0.05).After adjustment of age,initial fracture site,vertebral height recovery rate,diabetes,number of fractured vertebrae before operation,bone density,amount of bone cement,and leakage of bone cement into intervertebral disc,SVA(OR=2.633,95％CI:1.857-3.732),TPA(OR=2.497,95％CI:1.684-3.702),TK(OR=3.184,95％CI:2.699-3.755),LL(OR=0.526,95％CI:0.438-0.631),PI(OR=0.478,95％CI:0.320-0.715),and SS(OR=0.592,95％CI:0.500-0.701)were still significantly correlated with AVCF(P＜0.001).SVA,TPA,TK,LL,PI,and SS all had certain predictive values for postoperative AVCF in OVCF patients after PKP[area under the curve(AUC)＞0.750].Among them,SVA had a bigger AUC value(0.826)for predicting AVCF than other parameters,with a sensitivity of 0.827,specificity of 0.757,and accuracy of 0.792.Conclusions:There is a significant correlation between AVCF and spinopelvic sagittal balance in OVCF patients after PKP surgery.SVA,TPA,TK,LL,SS,and PI have certain predictive values for the occurrence of AVCF after PKP;Smaller SVA,TPA,TK and larger LL,SS,PI at 3 months after surgery can reduce the probability of AVCF occurrence in OVCF patients after PKP surgery.

Objective To examine the changing prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Burkholderia cepacia in 52 hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021.Methods A total of 9 261 strains of B.cepacia were collected from 52 hospitals between January 1,2015 and December 31,2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains was tested using Kirby-Bauer method or automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems according to a unified protocol.The results were interpreted according to the breakpoints released in the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)guidelines(2023 edition).Results A total of 9 261 strains of B.cepacia were isolated from all age groups,especially elderly patients.The proportion was 11.1％(1 032 strains)in children,significantly lower than the proportion in adults.About half(46.5％,4 310/9 261)of the strains were isolated from patients at least 60 years old and 42.3％(3 919/9 261)of the strains were isolated from young adults.Most isolates(71.1％)were isolated from sputum and respiratory secretions,followed by urine(10.7％)and blood samples(8.1％).B.cepacia isolates were highly susceptible to the five antimicrobial agents recommended in the CLSI M100 document(33rd edition,2023).B.cepacia isolates showed relatively higher resistance rates to meropenem and levofloxacin.However,the resistance rates to ceftazidime,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,and minocycline remained below 8.1％.The percentage of B.cepacia strains resistant to levofloxacin was the highest compared to other antibiotics in any of the three age groups(from 12.4％in the patients＜18 years old to 20.6％in the patients aged 60 years or older).Conclusions B.cepacia is one of the clinically important non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria.Accurate and timely reporting of antimicrobial susceptibility test results and ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance are helpful for rational prescription of antimicrobial agents and proper prevention and control of nosocomial infections.

Objective:To explore the effect of nursing scheme based on self-regulation theory (SRT) on self-efficacy and quality of life of patients with chronic pancreatitis, and to provide basis for better promoting patients′ rehabilitation.Methods:Using a non-random historical control study, 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis admitted to The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University from November 2021 to October 2022 were classified as the control group, and 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis admitted from November 2022 to October 2023 were classified as the research group. The control group received routine nursing intervention, while the research group received SRT-based nursing intervention. Both groups received a 3-month intervention. The General Self-Efficacy Scale, Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale, Self Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale, and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index were used to evaluate the self-efficacy, self-care ability, health behavior, and quality of life of two groups before and after the intervention, and statistical comparisons were made.Results:Both groups of patients completed the study. There were 28 males and 27 females in the control group. The age was (45.33 ± 12.26) years old. There were 30 males and 25 females in the research group. The age was (45.48 ± 12.61) years old. After the intervention, the score of the self-efficacy in the research group was (29.32 ± 2.88) points, which was higher than that in the control group (19.28 ± 1.95) points, the difference was significant ( t=21.41, P<0.05). The scores of self-care skills, self-responsibility, self-concept, health knowledge and the total score of the self-care ability in the research group were (35.32 ± 2.31), (22.85 ± 1.42), (25.88 ± 1.93), (64.32 ± 5.22), (148.34 ± 8.33) points respectively. They were all higher than those of the control group (28.66 ± 1.77), (17.22 ± 1.23), (18.67 ± 1.86), (60.08 ± 4.52), (124.56 ± 8.92) points. The differences were significant ( t values were 4.55-22.23, all P<0.05). The scores of exercise, nutrition, health responsibility, psychological comfort and the total score of the health behavior in the research group were (25.58 ± 1.41), (25.02 ± 2.03), (24.31 ± 2.34), (25.16 ± 1.63), (100.05 ± 7.36) points respectively. They were all higher than those of the control group (22.31 ± 2.03), (20.15 ± 2.82), (20.16 ± 2.89), (21.15 ± 2.17), (83.79 ± 7.84) points. The differences were significant ( t values were 8.28-11.21, all P<0.05). The scores of social activity, psychological state, physiological function, self-conscious symptoms and the total score of the quality of life in the research group were (16.78 ± 1.26), (17.03 ± 1.85), (22.43 ± 1.96), (17.09 ± 0.88), (73.41 ± 4.22) points respectively. They were all higher than those of the control group (15.32 ± 1.15), (15.34 ± 1.76), (20.86 ± 1.59), (16.03 ± 0.75), (67.52 ± 4.18) points. The differences were significant ( t values were 4.61-7.35, all P<0.05). Conclusions:SRT-based nursing scheme can effectively improve the self-efficacy and self-care ability of patients with chronic pancreatitis, and improve their health behavior and quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the impacts of Glaucocalyxin A on myocardial inflammation and immune function in dia-betes rats by regulating cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway.Methods:STZ was injected intraperitoneally to model diabetes in rats,after successful modeling,the rats were divided into model group,low-dose Glaucocalyxin A group[10 mg/(kg·d)],high-dose Glaucocalyxin A group[20 mg/(kg·d)]and H-151(750 nmol/d)group,control group was also set up,with 10 rats in each group,the model group and control group were given the same volume of physiological saline for 4 weeks.The fully automated biochemical analyzer was applied to detect TG,TC,HDL-C and LDL-C levels;flow cytometry was applied to detect the levels of CD4+T,CD8+T,CD4+T/CD8+T in the serum of rats in each group;ELISA was applied to detect the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β in myocardial tissue;HE staining was applied to observe pathologi-cal changes in rat myocardium;TUNEL staining was applied to observe the apoptosis of myocardial cells;Western blot was applied to detect the levels of Bcl-2,Bax,cGAS and STING pathway proteins.Results:The myocardial cells of rats in the control group were ar-ranged neatly and structurally intact;compared with the control group,the myocardial cells of rats in the model group were arranged in a disordered manner,with unclear nuclear structure and infiltration of inflammatory cells,the levels of serum TG,TC,CD8+T,myo-cardial tissue TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β,myocardial cell apoptosis rate,and the protein expression levels of Bax,cGAS and STING in rats were obviously increased,the levels of HDL-C,CD4+T,CD4+T/CD8+T,and the protein expression level of Bcl-2 were obviously reduced(P<0.05);compared with the model group,the pathological damage status of myocardial cells in the low and high doses Glau-cocalyxin A groups and H-151 group was obviously reduced,the levels of serum TG,TC,CD8+T,myocardial tissue TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β,myocardial cell apoptosis rate,and the protein expression levels of Bax,cGAS,and STING in rats were obviously reduced,the levels of HDL-C,CD4+T,CD4+T/CD8+T,and the protein expression level of Bcl-2 were obviously increased(P<0.05);compared with the high-dose Glaucocalyxin A group,there was no statistically obvious difference in all detection indicators in the H-151 group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Glaucocalyxin A may reduce myocardial inflammation and improve immune function in diabetes rats by inhi-biting cGAS-STING signaling pathway.

Objective To observe the value of Swin2SR network based on Transformer architecture for reconstructing chest super-resolution CT images.Methods Chest CT data of 218 patients were retrospectively collected.Swin2SR model based on Transformer architecture was adopted to enhance standard 512 matrix(512 × 512)CT images(standard-512 group)into 1 024(SR-1 024 group)and 2 048(SR-2 048 group)matrix SR CT images,respectively.Subjective and objective evaluation of image quality were performed,and the results were compared among groups.Results The subjective scores of overall imaging quality and lesion clarity in SR-1 024 and SR-2 048 groups were both higher than those in standard-512 group(all P＜0.05),while no significant difference was found between the former two(P＞0.05).Meanwhile,no significant difference of objective indexes of imaging quality was observed among 3 groups(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Swin2SR model could reconstruct chest SR CT images without increasing noise and improve imaging quality.