Objective: To explore the association of vegetables and fruits intake with depressive symptoms among multi ethnic first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province, so as to provide data support for preventing and reducing depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students. Methods: From October to December 2022, a cluster random sampling method was used to select 8 500 first year junior high school students from 11 ethnic minority areas in Yunnan Province (Fugong County, Longling County, Longyang District, Luchun County, Mojiang County, Nanjian County, Qiaojia County, Shuangjiang County, Tengchong City, Yuanmou County, Zhenyuan County), to investigate with a questionnaire. The Dietary Frequency Questionnaire was used to collect dietary behavior datas, and the Chinese version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to assess depressive symptoms. The generalized linear model was used to analyze the association of vegetable and fruit intake with depressive symptoms in students, and stratified analysis was performed according to ethnicity. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province was 29.5%. The detection rates of depressive symptoms in Han and minority first year junior high school students were 26.9% and 31.6%. After controlling for demographic variables such as gender, age, family residence and other confounding factors, the generalized linear model analysis results showed that the intake of leafy vegetables ( β= -0.07 , 95%CI =-0.12 to -0.01), flat fruits ( β=-0.06, 95%CI =-0.12 to -0.00) and hot natured fruits ( β=0.11, 95%CI = 0.04- 0.17) were associated with depressive symptoms in Han first year junior high school students (all P <0.05). The intake of melon and fruit vegetables ( β=-0.06, 95%CI =-0.11 to -0.01) and hot natured fruits ( β=0.06, 95%CI =0.01-0.12) were associated with depressive symptoms in ethnic minority first year junior high school students (both P <0.05). Conclusions The intake of vegetables and fruits among multi ethnic first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province is related to the risk of depressive symptoms. It is suggested to strengthen the consumption guidance and education of vegetables and fruits to prevent depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students.

Severe acute pancreatitis （SAP） is closely related to dysfunction of the spleen-stomach ascent and descent. Due to the influence of modern lifestyle and dietary factors， Qi deficiency in the spleen and stomach has become the pathological basis of SAP. Its pathogenesis is characterized by dampness， heat， pathogenic factors， stasis， stagnation， obstruction， Fu-organs Qi obstruction， pathogenic excess， and healthy Qi deficiency. At different stages of the disease course of SAP， there is a focus on both pathogenic excess and healthy Qi deficiency. It is specifically manifested as Fu-organs stagnation and heat accumulation， as well as pathogenic excess and healthy Qi deficiency， during the systemic inflammatory response phase， intermingling of blood stasis and pathogenic factors， as well as Qi deficiency and blood stasis， during the infection period， and weakness of the spleen and stomach， as well as healthy Qi deficiency and lingering pathogenic factors， during the residual infection period. Based on the theory that "the spleen and stomach are the acquired foundation"， a staged treatment method centered on the core principle of "strengthening healthy Qi to eliminate pathogenic factors" was developed. The staged treatment method included "clearing the Fu-organs to expel turbidity， replenishing Qi to harmonize the stomach， activating blood circulation to expel pathogenic factors， replenishing Qi to relieve pain， promoting digestion to stimulate appetite， and replenishing Qi to invigorate the spleen". In clinical practice， Hewei Tongxie mixture， Yikang mixture， and Shiwei Jianpi Xiaoshi powder were selected for staged treatment of SAP. This article systematically summarized the theoretical basis of traditional Chinese medicine， Western medicine foundation， modern pharmacological mechanisms， and clinical application experience of the staged treatment of SAP with "strengthening the healthy Qi to eliminate pathogenic factors"， providing new ideas for the treatment of SAP with traditional Chinese medicine.

Gliomas, especially high-grade gliomas such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system, characterized by high proliferative capacity, invasiveness, and therapeutic resistance. The development of GBM relies heavily on continuous metabolic reprogramming to adapt to the unique intracranial microenvironment, with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) metabolic remodeling playing a pivotal role. Dysregulation of NAD⁺ and its associated metabolic pathways sustains increased intracellular NAD⁺ levels, which drive the malignant proliferation and invasive potential of GBM, correlating with worsened patient prognosis. This review systematically summarizes the current research landscape of NAD⁺ metabolic remodeling in GBM, elucidates the mechanisms by which NAD⁺ contributes to GBM pathogenesis and progression, and explores the clinical potential of NAD⁺-targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to provide novel insights and directions for the clinical management of GBM.

Through molecular docking and experimental validation,24 SPF male KM mice were ran-domly divided into four groups:the control group(CON),model group(LPS),high-dose Yang Shuhua group(YSH-H),which was gavaged with drug solution containing 1 g/mL crude Yang Shuhua,and the low-dose Yang Shuhua group(YSH-L),which was gavaged with drug solution containing 0.5 g/mL crude Yang Shuhua for a 17-day experimental period.Mouse body weight was recorded during the experiment,and fecal scoring was done 1 h after intraperitoneal injection of LPS.At the end of the experiment,histopathological changes in the jejunum tissue were examined,and the expression of tight junction protein-related genes was detected.Compared to the CON group,mice in the LPS group showed significant decreases in villus height,villus height/crypt depth(V/C)ratio(P＜0.01),and significant increase in crypt depth(P＜0.01).The mRNA ex-pression levels of ZO-1 and claudin-1 were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).Compared to the LPS group,mice in the YSH-H group showed significant decrease in crypt depth(P＜0.05),significant increase in villus height(P＜0.05),and significant increase in V/C ratio(P＜0.01).The YSH-L group showed a significant increase in V/C ratio(P＜0.05),a trend of decreased crypt depth,and an increasing trend of villus height.The mRNA expression of ZO-1 in the YSH-H group showed a significant increase(P＜0.05)and claudin-1 showed an increasing trend.Luteolin,quercetin,kaempferol,eriodictyol,and the top 5 potential key targets TP53,IL-1β,TNF,AKT1,and IL-10 exhibited molecular docking scores less than-20.95 kJ/mol,indicating strong activity.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that Yang Shuhua compounds might act on enteritis through the TNF signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.The qPCR results showed an upward trend in the mRNA expression levels of TLR4 and AKT1,significant in-crease in Caspase-1 and ASC(P＜0.05),and significantly increased expression of NF-κB and NL-RP3(P＜0.01).The mRNA expression level of AKT1,TLR4,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,and NF-κB decreased compared to the LPS group,with significant differences in Caspase-1 and NF-κB(P＜0.05).This study suggests that Yang Shuhua exerts anti-enteritis effects through multiple compo-nents and pathways,with blockade of the TLR4-AKT-NF-κB pathway possibly being a key thera-peutic mechanism for treating enteritis.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of common pathogens isolated from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods The bacterial strains isolated from CSF were identified in accordance with clinical microbiology practice standards.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems per the unified CHINET protocol.Results A total of 14 014 bacterial strains were isolated from CSF samples from 2015 to 2021,including the strains isolated from inpatients(95.3％)and from outpatient and emergency care patients(4.7％).Overall,19.6％of the isolates were from children and 80.4％were from adults.Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.0％and 32.0％,respectively.Coagulase negative Staphylococcus accounted for 73.0％of the total Gram-positive bacterial isolates.The prevalence of MRSA was 38.2％in children and 45.6％in adults.The prevalence of MRCNS was 67.6％in adults and 69.5％in children.A small number of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium(2.2％)and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis(3.1％)were isolated from adult patients.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceftriaxone were 52.2％and 76.4％in children,70.5％and 63.5％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.coli and K.pneumoniae(CRKP)was 1.3％and 47.7％in children,6.4％and 47.9％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)was 74.0％and 37.1％in children,81.7％and 39.9％in adults.Conclusions The data derived from antimicrobial resistance surveillance are crucial for clinicians to make evidence-based decisions regarding antibiotic therapy.Attention should be paid to the Gram-negative bacteria,especially CRKP and CRAB in central nervous system(CNS)infections.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for optimizing antibiotic use in CNS infections.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates from elderly patients(≥65 years)in major medical institutions across China.Methods Bacterial strains were isolated from elderly patients in 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program during the period from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion method and automated systems according to the same CHINET protocol.The data were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021.Results A total of 514 715 nonduplicate clinical isolates were collected from elderly patients in 52 hospitals from January 1,2015 to December 31,2021.The number of isolates accounted for 34.3％of the total number of clinical isolates from all patients.Overall,21.8％of the 514 715 strains were gram-positive bacteria,and 78.2％were gram-negative bacteria.Majority(90.9％)of the strains were isolated from inpatients.About 42.9％of the strains were isolated from respiratory specimens,and 22.9％were isolated from urine.More than half(60.7％)of the strains were isolated from male patients,and 39.3％isolated from females.About 51.1％of the strains were isolated from patients aged 65-＜75 years.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains(MRSA)was 38.8％in 32 190 strains of Staphylococcus aureus.No vancomycin-or linezolid-resistant strains were found.The resistance rate of E.faecalis to most antibiotics was significantly lower than that of Enterococcus faecium,but a few vancomycin-resistant strains(0.2％,1.5％)and linezolid-resistant strains(3.4％,0.3％)were found in E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible S.pneumoniae(PSSP),penicillin-intermediate S.pneumoniae(PISP),and penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae(PRSP)was 94.3％,4.0％,and 1.7％in nonmeningitis S.pneumoniae isolates.The resistance rates of Klebsiella spp.(Klebsiella pneumoniae 93.2％)to imipenem and meropenem were 20.9％and 22.3％,respectively.Other Enterobacterales species were highly sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics.Only 1.7％-7.8％of other Enterobacterales strains were resistant to carbapenems.The resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp.(Acinetobacter baumannii 90.6％)to imipenem and meropenem were 68.4％and 70.6％respectively,while 28.5％and 24.3％of P.aeruginosa strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Conclusions The number of clinical isolates from elderly patients is increasing year by year,especially in the 65-＜75 age group.Respiratory tract isolates were more prevalent in male elderly patients,and urinary tract isolates were more prevalent in female elderly patients.Klebsiella isolates were increasingly resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents,especially carbapenems.Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for accurate empirical antimicrobial therapy in elderly patients.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial strains isolated from pediatric intensive care units(PICU)in China for better antimicrobial therapy.Methods Clinical isolates were collected from 17 institutions,including tertiary care children's hospitals and pediatric department of tertiary general hospitals in China from January 1,2020 to December 31,2022.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method or automated systems.Results were interpreted according to the breakpoints released by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2020.Results A total of 10 688 isolates were collected,including gram-positive organisms(39.2％)and gram-negative organisms(60.8％).The top three organisms were S.aureus(13.6％,1 453/10 688),A.baumannii(10.0％,1 067/10 688),and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(9.9％,1 058/10 688).Multi-drug resistant organisms(MDROs)were very common in children.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE),carbapenem-resistant E.coli,carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae(CRKP),carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii(CRAB),and carbapenem-resistant P.aeruginosa(CRPA)was 41.1％,19.4％,8.8％,30.9％,67.4％,and 28.8％,respectively.Overall,more than 50％of Enterobacteriales isolates were resistant to cephalosporins,while nearly 25％of Enterobacteriales isolates were resistant to carbapenems.MDROs were highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics.More than 80％of CRE and CRAB strains were resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics.CRE and CRAB showed low resistance rates to tigecycline and polymyxin.CRPA showed lower resistance rates to piperacillin,beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations than the resistance rates to third and fourth generation cephalosporins.All of the Staphylococcus and Enterococcus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and tigecycline.None of PRSP strains isolated from meningitis and nonmeningitis samples were resistant to rifampicin,vancomycin,or linezolid.The prevalence of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant(BLNAR)strains was 43.3％in Haemophilus influenzae.Conclusions MDROs were prevalent in PICU.It is necessary to establish an effective multidisciplinary team(MDT)to control the antimicrobial resistance.

BACKGROUND:Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in preventing and treating spleen-deficiency and hyperlipidemia.In basic studies,models of spleen-deficiency and hyperlipidemia are commonly found in rats,pigs,and other animals.This has limitations for medical research that can only use mouse models.It is urgent to establish and evaluate mouse models of spleen-deficiency and hyperlipidemia to support basic research on traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating spleen-deficiency and hyperlipidemia.OBJECTIVE:To establish a mouse model of spleen-deficiency hyperlipidemia.METHODS:Totally 24 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal group(n=12)and spleen-deficiency hyperlipemia group(n=12).Mice in normal group were fed basic diet.Mice in the spleen-deficiency hyperlipemia group were prepared with a diet disorder+fatigue internal injury+high-fat feeding method to establish a spleen-deficiency high-fat model.In the first 2 weeks,the mice were forced to swim to their endurance limit on a single day and were only fed cabbage,with free access to water.They were also gavaged with refined lard+high-fat feed on two-day intervals.After 2 weeks,the mice were fed a high-fat diet every day and the diet continued until 12 weeks.The mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 4 and 12 weeks,and their body weight,food intake,gripping strength,fecal water content,small intestinal charcoal propulsion rate,serum D-xylose and gastrin levels,spleen index and thymus index,blood lipid level,total body fat mass,body fat percentage,and liver lipid deposition were tested.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the normal group,the body weight,fecal water content,total body fat mass,body fat percentage,triglyceride and total cholesterol levels of the mice in the spleen-deficiency hyperlipemia group fed with high-fat diet for 4 and 12 weeks were increased(P＜0.05);the daily food intake,gripping force,and D-xylose level of the mice fed with high-fat diet for 4 and 12 weeks were decreased(P＜0.05);the spleen index of the mice fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks was increased(P＜0.05);the small intestinal carbon propulsion rate,gastrin level,spleen index,and thymus index of the mice fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks were decreased(P＜0.05);the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of the mice fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks was increased(P＜0.05).(2)The results of liver oil red O staining showed that the lipid deposition in the spleen-deficiency hyperlipemia group after 4 weeks of high-fat diet feeding was slightly more than that in the normal group,and the lipid deposition in the high-fat diet feeding for 12 weeks was significantly more than that in the normal group.(3)The results show that a stable spleen deficiency and hyperlipidemia mouse model can be prepared by the compound method of eating disorders,exhaustion,and high-fat feeding.

Depression is a prevalent mental and emotional disor-der that often results in significant emotional disturbances,cog-nitive dysfunction,and memory impairments.It is characterized by a high incidence rate,a substantial disability burden,and limited therapeutic efficacy.Currently,the long-term use of medications for the treatment of depression can result in a range of adverse reactions,highlighting the urgent need to explore no-vel approaches that can effectively alleviate depressive symptoms while minimizing side effects.Curcumin,a natural polyphenolic compound derived from the rhizome of turmeric,demonstrates considerable potential in the prevention and treatment of depres-sion,owing to its diverse array of biological activities.In recent years,numerous studies have investigated the use of curcumin for the treatment of depression.This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the mechanisms of action underlying curcumin's efficacy in treating depression.Specifically,it focu-ses on its ability to improve neurotransmitter imbalances,restore neural plasticity,alleviate neural damage,mitigate dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis,regulate in-flammatory factors and neuroinflammatory signaling pathways,and inhibit oxidative stress.This review is intended to offer in-sights and methodological references for basic research on curcu-min,as well as for the development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of depression.

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors for safe abdominal wall recons-truction in giant ventral hernia based on imaging and clinical features.Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The imaging and clinical data of 369 patients with giant ventral hernia who were admitted to Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2017 to December 2023 were collected. There were 182 males and 187 females, aged (63±14)years. Among 369 patients, 311 cases underwent safe abdominal wall reconstruction and 58 underwent high-risk abdominal wall reconstruction. Observation indicators: (1) clinical and imaging characteris-tics; (2) analysis of influencing factors for safe abdominal wall reconstruction in giant ventral hernia. Comparison of measurement data with normal distribution between groups was conducted using the t test. Comparison of measurement data with skewed distribution between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Comparison of count data between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Comparison of ordinal data between groups was conducted using the nonparametic rank sum test. Logistic regression, Lasso regression, and random forest analyses were used for influencing factors analysis. Results:(1) Clinical and imaging characteristics. There were significant differences between patients with safe and high-risk abdominal wall reconstruction in presence of a definite secondary abdominal cavity, maximum axial diameter of the defect, maximum transverse diameter of the defect, abdominal wall defect area, component separation index (CSI), abdominal wall opening angle, ratio of CSI, muscle grayscale at the defect, hernia sac volume, hernia sac-abdominal cavity volume ratio, and defect long-axis-to-abdominal cavity ratio ( P<0.05). (2) Analysis of influencing factors for safe abdominal wall reconstruction in giant ventral hernia. Results of Logistic regression analysis showed that presence of a definite secondary abdominal cavity, maximum axial diameter of the defect, maximum transverse diameter of the defect, abdominal wall defect area, CSI, abdominal wall opening angle, ratio of CSI, muscle grayscale at the defect (inner-superior or right), hernia sac volume, hernia sac-abdominal cavity volume ratio, and defect long-axis-to-abdominal cavity ratio were factors associated with safe abdominal wall reconstruction in giant ventral hernia [ odds ratio ( OR)=3.955, 1.189, 1.395, 1.127, 2.006, 1.042, 1.095, 0.881, 1.102, 1.109, 1.601, 95% confidence interval ( CI) as 2.179-7.178, 1.113-1.271, 1.267-1.537, 1.090-1.166, 1.651-2.437, 1.014-1.071, 1.066-1.125, 0.798-0.972, 1.057-1.148, 1.067-1.153, 1.343-1.909]. The top 3 factors for discriminative performance were abdominal wall CSI, ratio of CSI, maximum transverse diameter of the defect and the abdominal wall defect area, with area under the curve of 0.794, 0.777, 0.772, and 0.772, respectively. Results of Lasso regression analysis showed that body mass index, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, presence of a definite secondary abdominal cavity, abdominal wall defect area, abdominal wall opening angle, abdominal wall CSI, muscle grayscale at the defect (inner-superior or right), and hernia sac-to-abdominal cavity volume ratio were associated factors with safe abdominal wall reconstruction in giant ventral hernia (coefficients as -0.002, 0.003, 0.007, 0.014, 0.021, 0.077, 0.023, 0.059, -0.010, 0.037). Results of random forest analysis showed the abdominal wall CSI, maximum transverse diameter of the defect, abdominal wall defect area, ratio of defectr opening angle, maximum axial long diameter of the defect, hernia sac-to-abdominal cavity volume ratio, abdominal wall opening angle, defect long-axis-to-abdominal cavity ratio, muscle grayscale at the defect (inner-superior or right), and body mass index as associated factors with safe abdominal wall reconstruction in giant ventral hernia (importance score=0.092, 0.089, 0.079, 0.056, 0.051, 0.047, 0.045, 0.039, 0.038, 0.035). Conclusion:Abdominal wall CSI, abdominal wall defect area, abdominal wall opening angle, muscle grayscale at the defect (inner-superior or right), and hernia sac-to-abdominal cavity volume ratio are factors associated with safe abdominal wall reconstruction in giant ventral hernia.