Abstract The prevention and control of myopia in Chinese children and adolescents has become a major public health issue. While maintaining increased outdoor activity as a cornerstone intervention, there is an urgent need to explore new complementary approaches that can be effectively implemented in both indoor and outdoor settings. In recent years, environmental spatial frequency has gained increasing attention as one of the key environmental factors influencing the development and progression of myopia. Both animal studies and human research have confirmed that indoor environments lacking mid to high spatial frequency components, often characterized as "visually impoverished", can promote axial elongation and myopia through mechanisms such as disruption of retinal neural signaling, impaired accommodative function, and altered expression of related molecules. Based on the scientific consensus, it is recommended that "enriching of environmental spatial frequency" should be integrated into the myopia prevention and control framework. Following the principles of schoolled organization, family cooperation, community involvement, and student participation, specific measures are put forward in three areas：optimizing school visual settings, improving home spatial environments, and promoting healthy visual behavior. The aim is to create "visually friendly" indoor environments as an important supplement to outdoor activity, thereby providing a novel perspective and strategy for comprehensively advancing myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents.

Objective: To report the antibody identification, blood management during pregnancy and the monitoring process of fetal hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn (HDFN) in a pregnant woman with a history of blood transfusion and pregnancy who developed anti-Jr . Methods: Saline tube technique and anti-human globulin technique were used for maternal blood typing, unexpected antibody screening and identification, as well as for determining antibody titer and IgG subclasses. PCR-SSP was employed for genotyping of 18 blood group systems. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was utilized for gene sequencing of 38 blood group systems. Sanger sequencing was applied to verify rare blood group mutations detected by NGS and to investigate the corresponding rare blood group genes in family members. Blood preparation was achieved through anemia management in prenatal clinics and autologous blood collection during pregnancy. The newborn underwent the three primary tests for HDFN and plasma IgG subclass testing. Results: The pregnant woman's blood type was B, RhD positive, with a positive unexpected antibody screen, and the antibody identification pattern was consistent with a high-frequency antigen antibody. Gene sequencing revealed a homozygous ABCG2 c.376C>T mutation in the woman, resulting in the Jr(a-) phenotype, and anti-Jr antibody was present in her plasma. No compatible Jr(a-) blood was found among family members. The maternal anti-Jr IgG titer remained stable at 256 during pregnancy, with no detectable IgG1 or IgG3 subclasses against the Jr antigen. A total of 800 mL of autologous blood was collected in two stages during pregnancy. The newborn was B, RhD positive, Jr(a+), with a positive unexpected antibody screen (anti-Jr ). IgG subclass typing detected no IgG1 or IgG3. The direct antiglobulin test was positive, while the acid elution test was negative. Conclusion: The combination of serology and blood group genetic analysis provides a diagnostic basis for identifying antibodies to high-frequency antigens. Managing perinatal anemia and implementing staged autologous blood storage can secure blood supply for the perioperative period. IgG antibody subclass typing offers a reference for clinical assessment and prevention of HDFN.

In order to investigate the chemical constituents of glycosides in Aconitum tanguticum (Maxim.) Stapf, column chromatographic techniques such as silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography were used to afford eight glycosides from the n-butanol fraction of the 85% ethanol extract of Aconitum tanguticum. Based on the physicochemical properties and spectral data, these compounds were identified as N-4-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-phenethylbenzamide (1), N-(2'-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5'-methoxysalicyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyanthranilic acid methyl ester (2), N-(2'-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5'-hydroxysalicyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyanthranilic acid methyl ester (3), salidroside (4), benzyl primeveroside (5), phenethanol-β-D-xylose-(1''→6')-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), 4-dihydroxyphenethoxy-8-O-β-D-[6-O-(4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-feruloyl]-glucopyranoside (7), phenethanol-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1''→6')-β-D-glucopyranoside (8). Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were new compounds, and compounds 5,6,8 were isolated from Aconitum tanguticum for the first time.

Intelligent prescription recommendation has become an important research direction in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), offering new opportunities to support clinical decision-making and promote the modernization of TCM practice. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), a variety of computational approaches have been proposed to learn prescription patterns from clinical data and generate personalized treatment recommendations. However, despite increasing research activity, systematic and comprehensive reviews of AI-driven methods for TCM prescription recommendation remain limited. In this study, we present a comprehensive review of computational approaches for herbal prescription recommendation (HPR) in TCM. Existing methods are systematically categorized into several major paradigms, including traditional machine learning methods, topic model methods, sequential generative methods, deep learning and graph-based methods, and large language model–based frameworks. In addition to summarizing methodological developments, we also review commonly used public datasets and evaluation metrics in this field. Furthermore, representative models with publicly available implementations are experimentally evaluated on multiple benchmark datasets to provide a comparative analysis of their performance on the HPR task. Finally, we discuss the key challenges that hinder the practical deployment of intelligent prescription recommendation systems, including data heterogeneity, limited interpretability, and insufficient integration of TCM domain knowledge. Future research directions are outlined to facilitate the development of more reliable, interpretable, and clinically applicable AI-assisted HPR systems for TCM.

Chemical constituents of n-butanol fraction of ethanol extract from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batalin) Iljinskaja were studied. Ten compounds were purified by silica gel, MCI, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Based on the physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data, these compounds were identified as (4S)-4,8-dihydroxy-α-tetralone-5-[6′-(3′′,5′′-dimethoxy-(E)-p-coumaroyl)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (4S)-4,8-dihydroxy-α-tetralone-5-[6′-(E)-feruloyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (1S,3R,4S,5R)-4,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid methyl ester (3), (1R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid methyl ester (4), (3R,5R)-3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (5), (1R,3R,4S,5R)-3-O-caffeoyl-5-O-p-coumaroyl quinic acid methyl ester (6), (1R,3R,4S,5R)-3-O-p-coumaroy-4-O-caffeoyl quinic acid methyl ester (7), (1R,3R,4S,5R)-3-O-caffeoyl-4-O-p-coumaroy quinic acid methyl ester (8), (3R,5R)-3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid methyl ester (9) and (1S,3R,4R,5R)-4-O-caffeoyl-5-O-feruloyl quinic acid methyl ester (10). Among them, compound 1 was a new compound, and compounds 3–10 were isolated from the genus Cyclocarya for the first time.

Objective To explore the predictive value of serum levels of CXC chemokine ligand 4(CXCL4),CXC receptor 3 chemokine(CXCR3)for postoperative cerebral vasospasm(CVS)in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms.Methods The clinical data of 106 patients with intracranial aneurysms rupture who under went craniotomy and clipping surgery at the Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture from October 2020 to December 2022 were collected.The incidence of CVS was observed.Serum CXCL4 and CXCR3 levels were compared at 1,3,7 days after surgery between patients without CVS and patients with CVS.Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between serum CXCL4,CXCR3 levels and CVS degree.ROC curve was used to analyze the value of serum CXCL4 and CXCR3 levels in predicting postoperative CVS.Results Among 106 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms,a total of 38 cases(35.85%)developed CVS after surgery,and 68 cases(64.15%)did not develop CVS.There was no statistically obvious difference in preoperative serum levels of CXCL4 and CXCR3 between the CVS group and the non CVS group(t=0.104,0.141,all P>0.05).The serum levels of CXCL4 and CXCR3 in the non CVS group were lower than those before surgery 1,3,and 7 day after surgery,and the differences were statistically significant(q=14.867,17.525,24.384;16.274,20.251,34.237,all P<0.05).Compated with preoperative levels,the levels of serum CXCL4 and CXCR3 in the CVS group decreased on postoperative 1 and 7 days,and the differences were statistically significant(q=9.486,4.858;10.760,9.104,all P<0.05).Compared with the mild CVS group,the serum levels of CXCL4 and CXCR3 in the moderate and severe CVS groups were obviously increased(q=2.982,5.992;2.961,3.465),and the serum levels of CXCL4 and CXCR3 in the severe CVS group were higher than those in the moderate CVS group(q=3.564,4.036),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05),respectively.Spearman results showed that serum levels of CXCL4 and CXCR3 were positively correlated with the severity of CVS(r=0.491,0.483,all P<0.05).The ROC curve results showed that the AUC of CXCL4 and CXCR3 combined in predicting postoperative CVS in patients with intracranial ruptured aneurysms was higher than that of CXCL4,CXCR3 alone,and the differences were statistically significant(Z=2.937,2.750,all P<0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of CXCL4 and CXCR3 in ruptured intracranial aneurysms patients with postoperative CVS are obviously elevated,and the combined detection of the two can effectively predict the occurrence of CVS.

The working principle of Bausch&Lomb BL11110 phacoemulsification system was described.Three cases of typical faults of the phacoemulsification system were introduced,and the causes were analyzed,then the maintenance measures were given accordingly.References were provided for diagnosing and eliminating the faults of the phacoemulsification system.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(4):118-120]

Objective To evaluate the efficacy,safety and economy of vonoprazan in the treatment of post-endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)ulcer by rapid health technology assessment method,and to provide reference for clinical treatment decision.Methods PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,ScienceDirect,CNKI,WanFang Data databases and the official website of health technology assessment(HTA)agency were electronically searched to collect HTA reports,systematic reviews/Meta-analysis and pharmacoeconomic studies of vonoprazan in the treatment of post-ESD ulcer from inception to July 31,2024.Two researchers independently screened literature,extracted data,and comprehensively analyzed the results of the included literature on the basis of literature quality evaluation.Results A total of 8 studies were included,all were systematic reviews/Meta-analysis.In terms of effectiveness,compared with proton pump inhibitors(PPI),vonoprazan significantly increased the overall ulcer healing rate after ESD and more rapid reduction of ulcer area(P<0.05).The results of subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in ulcer healing rate between vonoprazan and PPI treatment at 4 or 8 weeks after ESD(P>0.05).Vonoprazan significantly increased the rate of postoperative ulcer reduction in H.pylori positive patients compared with PPI(P<0.05).In terms of safety,compared with PPI,vonoprazan reduced the incidence of overall adverse events rate(P<0.05).The difference in the incidence of delayed bleeding and ulcer perforation between vonoprazan and PPIs showed no statistically significant difference.(P>0.05).Conclusion Vonoprazan demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety in the treatment of ESD ulcers,and further economic studies are warranted.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy,safety and economy of vonoprazan in the treatment of post-endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)ulcer by rapid health technology assessment method,and to provide reference for clinical treatment decision.Methods PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,ScienceDirect,CNKI,WanFang Data databases and the official website of health technology assessment(HTA)agency were electronically searched to collect HTA reports,systematic reviews/Meta-analysis and pharmacoeconomic studies of vonoprazan in the treatment of post-ESD ulcer from inception to July 31,2024.Two researchers independently screened literature,extracted data,and comprehensively analyzed the results of the included literature on the basis of literature quality evaluation.Results A total of 8 studies were included,all were systematic reviews/Meta-analysis.In terms of effectiveness,compared with proton pump inhibitors(PPI),vonoprazan significantly increased the overall ulcer healing rate after ESD and more rapid reduction of ulcer area(P<0.05).The results of subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in ulcer healing rate between vonoprazan and PPI treatment at 4 or 8 weeks after ESD(P>0.05).Vonoprazan significantly increased the rate of postoperative ulcer reduction in H.pylori positive patients compared with PPI(P<0.05).In terms of safety,compared with PPI,vonoprazan reduced the incidence of overall adverse events rate(P<0.05).The difference in the incidence of delayed bleeding and ulcer perforation between vonoprazan and PPIs showed no statistically significant difference.(P>0.05).Conclusion Vonoprazan demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety in the treatment of ESD ulcers,and further economic studies are warranted.

Depression is a highly heterogeneous psychiatric disorder with complex pathogenesis influenced by the interplay of biological,psychological,and social-environmental factors.Based on the 2021 edition of the Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Depressive Disorders,which explicitly identify gender as a significant risk factor for depression onset,this paper systematically reviews the gender-differentiated pathogenesis and therapeutic advances in depression from both traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medical perspectives.In Western medicine,a large number of studies have demonstrated the sex-specific mechanism of estrogen/testosterone fluctuations and monoamine transmitter system regulation.While in TCM,although the constitution theory proposes that there are significant gender differences in congenital constitution and that qi depression and qi deficiency are associated with susceptibility to depression,current evidence primarily relies on cross-sectional surveys and lacks validation through high-quality RCTs.Compared with Western medicine,the direct research on gender-differentiated antidepressant effects in TCM remains relatively underdeveloped.In future study,it may be possible to deepen and improve the research on anti-depression in TCM from the biological markers of particular constitutions in the gender dimension.This paper advocates establishing a bio-psycho-social integrated intervention model,advancing mechanistic exploration through prospective cohort studies and multi-omics technologies,and promoting precision diagnosis and treatment systems based on gender differences,and to form a three-dimensional diagnosis and treatment and research system that covers biomarkers,social role assessment,and TCM constitution identification,in order to provide a new theoretical framework and a practical pathway for the precise medical treatment of depression.