Tourette syndrome （TS） is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children， clinically characterized primarily by motor and/or vocal tics. Its pathogenesis is associated with hyperactivity of the dopaminergic system in the basal ganglia， and current medical treatments are limited by adverse reactions and unsatisfactory efficacy. In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， TS is classified under categories such as "liver wind" and "convulsions"， and is considered to be closely related to liver dysregulation. Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis （URCU） is a commonly used wind-dispelling herb. URCU has a clearly defined origin and a rich chemical composition， with alkaloids as its major active constituents， including rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline. Its plasma components include multiple prototype alkaloids， which exhibit metabolic differences and phenomena such as enterohepatic circulation. Its brain-entering components possess blood-brain barrier permeability， and their distribution is associated with pharmacological effects. In recent years， increasing numbers of studies have focused on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of the active components of URCU in the treatment of TS. This article systematically reviews the mechanisms by which URCU and its main active constituents exert therapeutic effects on TS from the following aspects： regulation of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters to improve neurotransmitter system imbalance， neuroprotection and intervention in neuroinflammation-related pathways； antioxidant effects through activation of antioxidant signaling pathways， and immunomodulatory functions influencing immune cells and the gut microbiota. In addition， the clinical application of compound formulas containing URCU in the treatment of TS is summarized， with the aim of providing new perspectives for further research on the pharmacological mechanisms of URCU and the treatment of TS.

Tourette syndrome （TS） is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children， clinically characterized primarily by motor and/or vocal tics. Its pathogenesis is associated with hyperactivity of the dopaminergic system in the basal ganglia， and current medical treatments are limited by adverse reactions and unsatisfactory efficacy. In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， TS is classified under categories such as "liver wind" and "convulsions"， and is considered to be closely related to liver dysregulation. Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis （URCU） is a commonly used wind-dispelling herb. URCU has a clearly defined origin and a rich chemical composition， with alkaloids as its major active constituents， including rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline. Its plasma components include multiple prototype alkaloids， which exhibit metabolic differences and phenomena such as enterohepatic circulation. Its brain-entering components possess blood-brain barrier permeability， and their distribution is associated with pharmacological effects. In recent years， increasing numbers of studies have focused on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of the active components of URCU in the treatment of TS. This article systematically reviews the mechanisms by which URCU and its main active constituents exert therapeutic effects on TS from the following aspects： regulation of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters to improve neurotransmitter system imbalance， neuroprotection and intervention in neuroinflammation-related pathways； antioxidant effects through activation of antioxidant signaling pathways， and immunomodulatory functions influencing immune cells and the gut microbiota. In addition， the clinical application of compound formulas containing URCU in the treatment of TS is summarized， with the aim of providing new perspectives for further research on the pharmacological mechanisms of URCU and the treatment of TS.

Objective To monitor the concentrations of six disinfection byproducts including trichloromethane,dibromochloromethane,bromodichloromethane, tribromomethane, dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid in drinking water in the main urban area of Wuhan, and to assess the potential health risks. Methods A total of 373 samples were collected from the central urban area during 2023 to 2024. The concentrations of the substances were tested according to the national Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water. The detection rates of the six disinfection byproducts were statistically analyzed, and the concentration differences of the six disinfection byproducts in different time periods and different types of water samples were compared. The health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency was used for risk assessment. Results Trichloromethane was the most common substance found in drinking water, followed by dichlorobromomethane, chlorodibromomethane, trichloroacetic acid, tribromomethane, and finally dichloroacetic acid. The concentration of dichlorobromomethane in treated water was higher than that in tap water, while the concentration of dichloroacetic acid was lower than the tap water, both with significant differences. The concentrations of the six chlorination disinfection by-products in the dry season were all significantly higher than those in the wet season. The carcinogenic risks of the disinfection byproducts were trichloroacetic acid > dichloroacetic acid > dichlorobromomethane > chlorodibromomethane > tribromomethane, and the non-carcinogenic risks were trichloromethane > trichloroacetic acid > dichlorobromomethane > chlorodibromomethane > dichloroacetic acid > tribromomethane. Conclusion Trichloroacetic acid is the substance with the highest carcinogenic risk, while trichloromethane is the non-carcinogenic substance with the highest risk, which requires special attention.

Objective To evaluate the long-term survival of patients with T1a-bN0M0 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after sublobar resection. Methods Patients with T1a-bN0M0 NSCLC who underwent sublobar resection from 2004 to 2015 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, and divided into a segmentectomy group and a wedge resection group according to the resection method. After propensity-score matching at a ratio of 1:1, the overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) of patients were analyzed using Cox regression model, log-rank test, and restricted mean survival time (RMST). Results A total of 3262 patients were included in the study, including 1321 males and 1941 females, with a median age of 69.0 years. Among them, 2419 patients were in the wedge resection group and 843 patients were in the segmentectomy group. After matching, 843 pairs of patients were obtained. The results showed that the 10-year DSS rate (68.0% vs. 60.6%, P=0.011) and 10-year OS rate (40.8% vs. 37.0%, P=0.049) of the segmentectomy group were better than those of the wedge resection group, while there was no statistical difference in the 5-year DSS rate (82.9% vs. 79.5%, P=0.112) or 5-year OS rate (68.9% vs. 64.9%, P=0.096). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that male gender [HR=1.54, 95%CI (1.28-1.86), P<0.001] and age [HR=1.02, 95%CI (1.01-1.03), P<0.001] were independent risk factors for DSS, while increased number of regional nodes dissected (RND) [HR=0.98, 95%CI (0.96-1.00), P=0.018] and segmentectomy [HR=0.82, 95%CI (0.68-0.98), P=0.030] served as protective factors. For OS, male gender [HR=1.54, 95%CI (1.35-1.75), P<0.001], age [HR=1.04, 95%CI (1.03-1.04), P<0.001], and histological subtypes of squamous cell carcinoma [HR=1.62, 95%CI (1.41-1.86), P<0.001] or large cell carcinoma [HR=1.64, 95%CI (1.07-2.52), P=0.023] were identified as independent risk factors, whereas increased RND was a protective factor [HR=0.98, 95%CI (0.97-0.99), P=0.002]. Surgical approach was not an independent prognostic factor for OS. Subgroup analysis showed that segmentectomy had a better 10-year OS-RMST in patients with adenocarcinoma (P=0.045), right lower lobe tumor (P=0.014), and tumor diameter ≤1.6 cm (P=0.006). Conclusion Increasing lymph node dissection during sublobar resection may improve prognosis. Compared with wedge resection, segmentectomy may improve the long-term DSS rate of patients with T1a-bN0M0 NSCLC.

Objective To explore the application value of computed tomography (CT) three-dimensional reconstruction in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods A total of 102 patients who underwent TKA in our hospital between April 2022 and April 2025 were enrolled and divided using a random number table into a traditional group (51 cases, routine preoperative evaluation) and a study group (51 cases, CT three-dimensional reconstruction-assisted surgery). The therapeutic efficacy at 3 months postoperatively and perioperative indicators were compared between the two groups. The hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle was measured preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively. The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score were recorded preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Complications were documented. Results The excellent/good rate in the study group (92.16%) was higher than that in the traditional group (74.51%) (P<0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, and hospital stay in the study group were (69.52 ± 7.11) min, (102.69 ± 8.54) mL, (167.33 ± 12.35) mL, and (10.93 ± 2.37) days, respectively, which were shorter than those in the traditional group [(78.45 ± 5.98) min, (108.36 ± 10.02) mL, (175.96 ± 14.93) mL, and (12.04 ± 1.95) days] (P<0.05). At 3 months postoperatively, the HKA angle was 178.02° ± 1.05° in the study group and 177.45° ± 1.34° in the traditional group, both were significantly improved compared with those before operation, with the study group showing better improvement (P<0.05). The HSS knee and WOMAC scores in both groups at 3 and 6 months postoperatively were improved compared with preoperative scores (P<0.05). At 3 and 6 months postoperatively, the study group showed higher HSS knee score and lower WOMAC score than the traditional group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the study group (3.92%) was lower than that in the traditional group (17.65%) (P<0.05). Conclusion TKA guided by CT three-dimensional reconstruction improved the excellent/good rate, optimized HKA angle and knee function, shortened operation time and hospital stay, reduced intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume, and decreased the incidence of complications.

Objective To explore the application value of computed tomography (CT) three-dimensional reconstruction in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods A total of 102 patients who underwent TKA in our hospital between April 2022 and April 2025 were enrolled and divided using a random number table into a traditional group (51 cases, routine preoperative evaluation) and a study group (51 cases, CT three-dimensional reconstruction-assisted surgery). The therapeutic efficacy at 3 months postoperatively and perioperative indicators were compared between the two groups. The hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle was measured preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively. The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score were recorded preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Complications were documented. Results The excellent/good rate in the study group (92.16%) was higher than that in the traditional group (74.51%) (P<0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, and hospital stay in the study group were (69.52 ± 7.11) min, (102.69 ± 8.54) mL, (167.33 ± 12.35) mL, and (10.93 ± 2.37) days, respectively, which were shorter than those in the traditional group [(78.45 ± 5.98) min, (108.36 ± 10.02) mL, (175.96 ± 14.93) mL, and (12.04 ± 1.95) days] (P<0.05). At 3 months postoperatively, the HKA angle was 178.02° ± 1.05° in the study group and 177.45° ± 1.34° in the traditional group, both were significantly improved compared with those before operation, with the study group showing better improvement (P<0.05). The HSS knee and WOMAC scores in both groups at 3 and 6 months postoperatively were improved compared with preoperative scores (P<0.05). At 3 and 6 months postoperatively, the study group showed higher HSS knee score and lower WOMAC score than the traditional group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the study group (3.92%) was lower than that in the traditional group (17.65%) (P<0.05). Conclusion TKA guided by CT three-dimensional reconstruction improved the excellent/good rate, optimized HKA angle and knee function, shortened operation time and hospital stay, reduced intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume, and decreased the incidence of complications.

Objective To explore the application value of computed tomography (CT) three-dimensional reconstruction in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods A total of 102 patients who underwent TKA in our hospital between April 2022 and April 2025 were enrolled and divided using a random number table into a traditional group (51 cases, routine preoperative evaluation) and a study group (51 cases, CT three-dimensional reconstruction-assisted surgery). The therapeutic efficacy at 3 months postoperatively and perioperative indicators were compared between the two groups. The hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle was measured preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively. The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score were recorded preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Complications were documented. Results The excellent/good rate in the study group (92.16%) was higher than that in the traditional group (74.51%) (P<0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, and hospital stay in the study group were (69.52 ± 7.11) min, (102.69 ± 8.54) mL, (167.33 ± 12.35) mL, and (10.93 ± 2.37) days, respectively, which were shorter than those in the traditional group [(78.45 ± 5.98) min, (108.36 ± 10.02) mL, (175.96 ± 14.93) mL, and (12.04 ± 1.95) days] (P<0.05). At 3 months postoperatively, the HKA angle was 178.02° ± 1.05° in the study group and 177.45° ± 1.34° in the traditional group, both were significantly improved compared with those before operation, with the study group showing better improvement (P<0.05). The HSS knee and WOMAC scores in both groups at 3 and 6 months postoperatively were improved compared with preoperative scores (P<0.05). At 3 and 6 months postoperatively, the study group showed higher HSS knee score and lower WOMAC score than the traditional group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the study group (3.92%) was lower than that in the traditional group (17.65%) (P<0.05). Conclusion TKA guided by CT three-dimensional reconstruction improved the excellent/good rate, optimized HKA angle and knee function, shortened operation time and hospital stay, reduced intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume, and decreased the incidence of complications.

Objective To investigate the effects of combined exposure to benzene series, dust and noise on occupational high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL) in the electronics manufacturing industry. Methods A total of 740 employees from an electronic manufacturing enterprise were selected as the study subjects. According to the detection of occupational hazard factors, they were divided into noise group, noise benzene group, and noise dust group, with 325, 167, and 248 people, respectively. Occupational health examinations were conducted on the study participants to analyze their HFHL detection status and influencing factors. Results Among all participants (n=740), 456 (61.62%) were male, 284 (38.38%) were female, and 123 (15.62%) were detected with HFHL. The detection rate of HFHL increased with age and length of service (P<0.01). According to the exposure factor grouping, the detection rates of HFHL in the noise group, noise benzene group, and noise dust group were 12.00%, 19.16%, and 20.97%, respectively (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that workers aged ≥ 40 years, with 10-20 years of work experience, ≥ 20 years of work experience, exposure to noise and benzene series, and exposure to noise and dust had an increased risk of developing HFHL to 1.734, 1.923, 3.071, 1.706, and 1.527, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion Combined exposure to noise and benzene series, combined exposure to noise and dust, as well as age and extended length of service may increase the risk of HFHL among workers.

[Objective] To investigate the molecular prevalence and genotype of human parvovirus B19(B19) among blood donors in Lanzhou, and provide data support for monitoring the positive rate of B19 DNA in local blood donors. [Methods] A total of 7 644 blood donor samples collected from January to September 2022 were randomly screened using real-time fluorescent PCR, resulting in 23 samples testing positive for B19 DNA. The characteristics of the B19 DNA reactive donors including gender, age, blood donation recruitment and promotion mode, and donation frequency were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Additionally, the VP1 gene fragment of B19 DNA reactive samples was sequenced and an evolutionary tree was constructed by the N-J method. [Results] The results showed that the positive rate of B19 DNA in Lanzhou was 0.30%, and the positive population mainly consisted of female individuals aged 18-30 years old who were first-time blood donors; furthermore, genotype 1a was identified as predominant. [Conclusion] The positive rate of B19 DNA is low among blood donors in Lanzhou, with genotype 1a being predominant. It is recommended to periodically monitor the B19 prevalence in blood donors and enhance prevention and control measures, thus improving blood quality and safety.

Background::Computer-aided detection (CAD) software has been introduced to automatically interpret digital chest X-rays. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of CAD software (JF CXR-1 v3.0, which was developed by a domestic Hi-tech enterprise) in tuberculosis (TB) case finding in China.Methods::In 2019, we conducted an internal evaluation of the performance of JF CXR-1 v3.0 by reading standard images annotated by a panel of experts. In 2020, using the reading results of chest X-rays by a panel of experts as the reference standard, we conducted an on-site prospective study to evaluate the performance of JF CXR-1 v3.0 and local radiologists in TB case finding in 13 township health centers in Zhongmu County, Henan Province.Results::Internal assessment results based on 277 standard images showed that JF CXR-1 v3.0 had a sensitivity of 85.94% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77.42%, 94.45%) and a specificity of 74.65% (95% CI: 68.81%, 80.49%) to distinguish active TB from other imaging conditions. In the on-site evaluation phase, images from 3705 outpatients who underwent chest X-ray detection were read by JF CXR-1 v3.0 and local radiologists in parallel. The imaging diagnosis of local radiologists for active TB had a sensitivity of 32.89% (95% CI: 22.33%, 43.46%) and a specificity of 99.28% (95% CI: 99.01%, 99.56%), while JF CXR-1 v3.0 showed a significantly higher sensitivity of 92.11% (95% CI: 86.04%, 98.17%) ( p < 0.05) and maintained high specificity at 94.54% (95% CI: 93.81%, 95.28%). Conclusions::CAD software could play a positive role in improving the TB case finding capability of township health centers.