As palliative care practice gradually undertakes important missions in both the medical field and the society,it has become an emerging disciplinary area that meets the needs of the times.At the same time,the discipline construction of palliative medicine has become a crucial issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the cause of palliative care in China.In this article,we trace the origin of the concept of palliative care and classify,sort out,and expound the research objects,research contents,research methods,etc.of palliative medicine by combining the methods of literature analysis and focus group interviews.According to the development context and evolution process of palliative care,we put forward the proposition of building a discipline of palliative medicine,with the aim of helping the academic community distinguish the connotation and denotation of the disciplinary definition and laying a foundation for the work of discipline construction.
Palliative Medicine ; Palliative Care ; Humans

Objectives: To explore the current experiences and perspectives of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with advance care planning (ACP). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among patients diagnosed with COPD in the Philippine General Hospital. Results were illustrated using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 90 patients were interviewed and included in the analysis. Nearly all patients were unfamiliar with the terms ACP (95.55%), end-of-life care (99.89%), and do-not-resuscitate order (100%). The majority expressed a desire to have ACP discussions (94.44%) which were not viewed as distressing and were deemed beneficial (96.67%). Patients who were employed were more likely to express readiness to sign legal papers. Patients living with their nuclear family or living alone, and those with higher COPD assessment test (CAT) scores were more likely to relegate health care decisions to their doctors. Conclusion Most patients with COPD in our cohort are unfamiliar with ACP and have not received ACP discussions. Most think that it will improve healthcare and quality of life. Some demographic and clinical factors may make patients more likely to engage in ACP-related activities.
advance care planning ; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; palliative medicine

Convergence of principles of palliative care and integrative medicine has led to the introduction of the new practice of integrative palliative care in which integrative therapies (including mind-body modalities, traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, and dietary supplements) are used to provide symptom management for patients who are dying or experiencing the sequelae of serious illness and its treatment. We propose an East-West Integrative palliative care model using non-drug therapies, such as acupuncture, diet, exercise, and stress management that shift the paradigm from suppressing the symptoms of illness to addressing both the root cause of the symptoms and the imbalance and declining homeostatic reserve that perpetuate these symptoms. This whole-person model expands the reach of palliative care, prolonging a better quality of life and allowing the patient to maintain as many activities as possible by preventing symptoms and improving function. Through this approach we reframe the dialogue such that patients are "living better" rather than "dying better" when faced with serious illness or death. In this article, we provide an overview of the principles of palliative care, integrative medicine, and the novel area of integrative palliative care, and propose an East-West integrative palliative care model that incorporates and broadens the scope of these existing approaches.
Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Palliative Care ; Quality of Life

OBJECTIVE: Few reliable and valid prognostic tools are available to help emergency physicians identify patients who might benefit from early palliative approaches. We sought to determine if responses to a modified version of the surprise question, “Would you be surprised if this patient died in the next 30 days” could predict in-hospital mortality and resource utilization for hospitalized emergency department patients.METHODS: For this observational study, emergency physicians responded to the modified surprise question with each admission over a five-month study period. Logistic regression analyses were completed and standard test characteristics evaluated.RESULTS: 6,122 visits were evaluated. Emergency physicians responded negatively to the modified surprise question in 918 (15.1%). Test characteristics for in-hospital mortality were: sensitivity 32%, specificity 85%, positive predictive value 6%, negative predictive value 98%. The risk of intensive care unit use (relative risk [RR], 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45 to 2.40), use of ‘comfort measures’ orders (RR, 3.43; 95% CI, 2.81 to 4.18), palliative-care consultation (RR, 3.06; 95% CI, 2.62 to 3.56), and in-hospital mortality (RR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.72 to 2.76) were greater for patients with negative responses.CONCLUSION: The modified surprise question is a simple trigger for palliative care needs, accurately identifying those at greater risk for in-hospital mortality and resource utilization. With a negative predictive value of 98%, affirmative responses to the modified surprise question provide reassurance that in-hospital death is unlikely.
Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Logistic Models ; Observational Study ; Palliative Care ; Palliative Medicine ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Terminal Care

PURPOSE: High-quality hospice and palliative medicine curricula are necessary in Korean medical schools. This study evaluated changes in students' knowledge and attitudes toward both hospice and palliative care following the completion of a course on these topics, as well as the course's overall role in the basic medical education curriculum.METHODS: Questionnaires measuring knowledge and attitudes were collected before and after the course from 76 fourth-year medical students, who had received instructions integrating both hospice and palliative care in 2016.RESULTS: The questionnaire item “Select the correct answer on the use of opioid pain control in hospice and palliative care” changed the most in terms of number of correct answers pre- and post-course (3.50 and 5.32, respectively; P<0.001). Pre- and post-course, the numbers of students who answered “Strongly Agree” and “Agree” to questions concerning their attitudes toward hospice and palliative care (“I know the purposes and roles of hospice and palliative care”) were 17 (22.4%) and 65 (85.6%), respectively (P≤0.001). Affirmative responses also increased for “As a pre-physician, I know when to describe and advise hospice and palliative care to patients”, from 22 (28.9%) to 65 (85.6%; P≤0.001).CONCLUSION: This study showed that comprehensive hospice education in the form of an integrated educational course might promote changes in medical students' knowledge and attitudes toward hospice and palliative medicine.
Curriculum ; Education ; Education, Medical ; Hospice Care ; Hospices ; Humans ; Palliative Care ; Palliative Medicine ; Schools, Medical ; Students, Medical

Nuclear theranostics functions as a bridge which connects targeted diagnosis to targeted therapy, just like Turkey functions as a geographical bridge which connects Asia to Europe. This unique geographical site of the country plays an important role with regard to introduction of novel scientific and technologic improvements, which originate from one continent to another, in the era of accelerated information. The first nuclear medicine practice in Turkey started in the beginning of 1950s with the first radioiodine treatment, which actually was a debut for nuclear theranostics in Turkey, years before many other countries in the world. For the time being, along with radioiodine treatment, many other theranostic applications such as I-131 MIBG treatment, Lu-177/Y-90 DOTA peptide treatment, Lu-177 PSMA treatment, Y-90 microsphere treatment, and bone palliative treatment are being performed in many centers countrywide. As science and technology improves, novel theranostic applications are eagerly awaited to be introduced in near future. This paper summarizes the story of nuclear theranostics in Turkey and aims to give an overview on the current status of theranostic applications in Turkey.
3-Iodobenzylguanidine ; Asia ; Diagnosis ; Europe ; Microspheres ; Nuclear Medicine ; Palliative Care ; Theranostic Nanomedicine ; Turkey

The Ministry of Health (MOH) has updated the Clinical Practice Guidelines on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) to provide doctors and patients in Singapore with evidence-based treatment for COPD. This article reproduces the introduction and executive summary (with recommendations from the guidelines) from the MOH Clinical Practice Guidelines on COPD, for the information of SMJ readers. Chapters and page numbers mentioned in the reproduced extract refer to the full text of the guidelines, which are available from the Ministry of Health website: https://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/healthprofessionalsportal/doctors/guidelines/cpg_medical.html. The recommendations should be used with reference to the full text of the guidelines. Following this article are multiple choice questions based on the full text of the guidelines.
Adult ; Aged ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Palliative Care ; Prevalence ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Pulmonary Medicine ; standards ; Quality Improvement ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Risk Factors ; Singapore ; Steroids ; therapeutic use

Hospice and palliative care in Taiwan has been growing continuously. The 2015 Quality of Death index, as rated by the Economist Intelligence Unit, ranked Taiwan first among Asian countries and sixth in the world. In this review article, we highlight three particular areas that might have contributed to this success; the laws and regulations, spiritual care and research network. Finally, we discuss the future challenges and prospects for Taiwanese encounters. A systemic review was conducted with the keywords “hospice palliative care Taiwan” using PubMed. The passing of the “Natural Death Act” in 2000 set the example and established a landmark for patient autonomy in Asia; it guarantees the patient's right to request that medical staff do not resuscitate (DNR) them and to reject other futile medical treatments at the end of their life, thus reflecting the importance of palliative care from the policy perspective. In 2015, Taiwan passed another pioneering law entitled the “Patient Autonomy Act”. This law states that a patient may decline medical treatment according to his/her own will. Taiwanese indigenous spiritual care was launched in 2000. It requires a Buddhist Chaplain to successfully complete a training program consisting of lectures, as well as bedside practicum before applying Buddhist practices to end-of-life care. The Japan-Korea-Taiwan research network was established for the purpose of enabling collaborative research for the East-Asian collaborative cross-cultural Study to Elucidate the Dying process (EASED) cohort. With consensus from the government and society to make it a priority, hospice and palliative medicine in Taiwan has been growing steadily.
Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Clergy ; Cohort Studies ; Consensus ; Education ; Hospice Care ; Hospices* ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Jurisprudence ; Lectures ; Legislation as Topic ; Medical Staff ; Palliative Care* ; Palliative Medicine ; Patient Rights ; Social Control, Formal ; Taiwan*

The insertion of self-expanding stents into malignant strictures of the small and large bowel has become a routine procedure around the world. However, stent development has happened very much on a "trial & error" approach, based mostly on bright ideas of enthusiastic individuals or marketing decisions by the manufacturer. A large variety of stents are commercially available, covered to a variable degree by a membrane to reduce tissue ingrowth. However, in vitro characteristics and in vivo behavior vary significantly between stents and few operators are aware of the differences. While the ideal stent still remains to be defined, it is important that interventionists understand the variations, in order to make the best possible choice for the individual patient. This article illustrates current principles of stent construction.
Abdominal Neoplasms ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Marketing ; Membranes ; Palliative Medicine ; Radiology, Interventional ; Self Expandable Metallic Stents ; Stents*

Chinese medicine (CM) has been used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for 30 years and the demonstrated therapeutic effects of CM, such as reducing plasma HIV viral load, increasing CD4(+)T cell counts, promoting immunity reconstitution, ameliorating symptoms and signs, improving the health related quality of life (HRQOL) and counteracting against the effects of anti-retroviral drugs, were summarized and reviewed in this article. The authors point out that it had been a good opportunity to use CM for the treatment of HIV infection and AIDS in the past and also there are huge challenges ahead for CM research and clinicians to discover more effective CM and its underlying mechanisms for treatment of AIDS.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; therapy ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; adverse effects ; utilization ; China ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends ; Palliative Care ; methods ; Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome