To investigate the effect of the aroma therapy and music intervention on anxious and pain for the breast cancer patients in the perioperative period and the potential mechanisms.
 Methods: A total of 100 breast cancer patients who received surgical treatment in the comprehensive hospitals of Hunan province were recruited for this study. Patients were assigned randomly into a control group, an aroma therapy group, a music intervention group, and a joint-therapy group (n=25 per group). The patients in the control group received regular post-surgical nursery, while the patients from other groups received aroma therapy, music intervention, or both in addition to the regular nursery. The scale of anxiety and pain were measured. The measurements were carried at three time points, namely 30 min before the surgery (T1), 30 min after the recovery period of anesthesia (T2), and 4 hours after the removal of anesthesia tubing (T3). Repeated ANOVA was used to perform statistic analysis.
 Results: The scale of pain was significantly increased at the post-operation (T2, T3) compared to pre-surgery (T1). The therapeutic group showed significant decrease in pain at post-operation (T3) comparing with the control group (P<0.05). The scale of anxiety was the highest at pre-surgery (T1). During anaesthesia recovery, the anxiety of patients at post-operation T2 and T3 in the therapeutic groups significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05).
 Conclusion: Both the aroma therapy and the music therapy can decrease the stress-responsive anxiety and pain for the breast cancer patients in the perioperative period.
Analysis of Variance ; Anxiety ; therapy ; Aromatherapy ; Breast Neoplasms ; nursing ; psychology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Music Therapy ; Pain, Postoperative ; therapy ; Perioperative Period ; Preoperative Care ; Time Factors

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the factors affecting postoperative pain and length of hospital stay of liver transplantation donors. METHODS: This is a retrospective study using the Electronic Medical Records (EMR) of 91 patients operated on at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea in 2016. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman's rank correlation, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The average age of the donors was 35.7±12.2 years, and all donors were family members. PCA was applied for control pain in all patients, and 40.7% of PCA-related side effects were observed. The average length of hospital stay was 9.24±2.52 days. The factors influencing the length of hospital stay were operative methods, pain control methods, and postoperative complications. The length of hospital stay was 1.29 days shorter if donors had no complication, 1.43 days shorter when only PCA was used, and 1.19 days shorter when laparoscopic resection was performed (Adjusted R2=0.17, F=4.67, p < .05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study can be used as basic data for practical and effective postoperative nursing education and intervention of living liver donors.
Education, Nursing ; Electronic Health Records ; Humans ; Korea ; Length of Stay* ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Living Donors ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Tissue Donors*

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of active warming using a Warm Touch warming system or a cotton blanket in postoperative patients after general anesthesia for abdominal surgery.METHODS: This quasi-experimental study utilized two experimental groups and one control group: a cotton-blanket group (n = 25) were warmed with a cotton blanket and a sheet; a forced-air warming group (n = 24) were warmed with a Warm Touch warming system, a cotton blanket, and a sheet; and a control group (n = 25) were warmed with a sheet. Measurement variables were postoperative pain, body temperature, and thermal discomfort. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, χ2-tests, Fisher's exact test, and a repeated measures ANOVA.RESULTS: The effects of active warming using a Warm Touch warming system and a cotton blanket on postoperative patients was significant in reducing pain (F = 13.91, p < .001) and increasing body temperature (F = 12.49, p < .001).CONCLUSION: Active warming made a significant difference in pain and body temperature changes. Active warming methods may help patients' postoperative recovery and prevent complications. Further research is needed to explore the effects and side effects of active warming on recovering normothermia.
Anesthesia, General ; Body Temperature ; Body Temperature Changes ; Humans ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postanesthesia Nursing

PURPOSE: This study compared the effect of music and noise blocking on the vital signs, postoperative pain, analgesic use, length of stay in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and satisfaction after a laparoscopic colectomy. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was performed in a 555-bed National Cancer Center, from February 13 through May 31, 2012. Subjects consisted of 69 patients who underwent a laparoscopic colectomy under general anesthesia, and were recruited by informed notices. The inclusion criteria were patients between the ages of 35-75, with an American Society Anesthesiologist physical classification I or II. The subjects were randomly allocated to three groups; music therapy group (MTG), noise blocking group (NBG) and control group (CG). Collected data were analyzed using Repeated measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test through IBM SPSS (Version 19.0). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in vital signs among the three groups. Postoperative pain in MTG (p<.05) and NBG (p<.05) was significantly decreased compared to CG. The amount of analgesics (p=.030) and length of stay at PACU (p=.021) in MTG was significantly decreased compared to NBG or CG; satisfaction in MTG and NBG was significantly higher compared to CG. CONCLUSION: Music seems to reduce postoperative pain, the amount of analgesics, and the length of stay at PACU. Therefore, music therapy is considered to be included in nursing intervention for postoperative patients at PACU.
Analgesics ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Classification ; Colectomy* ; Humans ; Length of Stay* ; Music Therapy ; Music* ; Noise* ; Nursing ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Vital Signs

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of music therapy on pain, anxiety and length of stay of patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). METHODS: Sixty patients who received laparoscopic hysterectomy under general anesthesia from a PACU in a university hospital located in Cheonan city participated in this study. The experimental group (n=30) was offered the option to listen to their preferred music by using MP3 players and headphones for 30 minutes. The control group (n=30) received routine postoperative nursing care. Visual analogue scale was used to measure participants' pain and anxiety, length of stay in the PACU was examined by using their medical records. Data were collected from December 2013 to February 2014 and analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi2-test, Fisher's exact test, and independent t-test using SPSS version 21.0. RESULTS: The result showed that the level of post-operative pain (t=2.44, p=.018), anxiety (t=2.37, p=.021), and the length of stay in PACU (t=3.06, p=.004) significantly decreased in the experimental group as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that music therapy with the patients' preferred music showed positive effects. Therefore, it can be used as a therapeutic intervention for postoperative pain management of patients with laparoscopic hysterectomy.
Anesthesia, General ; Anxiety* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Length of Stay* ; Medical Records ; MP3-Player ; Music Therapy* ; Music* ; Nursing Care ; Pain, Postoperative

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop evidence-based guidelines on postoperative pain management via the web and to examine the effects in terms of pain level of patients undergoing abdominal surgery and nurses' knowledge of postoperative pain management. METHODS: First, evidence-based pain guidelines were developed via the web in a tertiary hospital. Second, a special educational program on evidence-based pain guidelines for nurses was developed after validation of content by experts. Third, diverse strategies were adopted in order to facilitate incorporation of evidence-based pain guidelines in practice. Fourth, nurses in the study units were educated on evidence-based guidelines using the developed educational program for 3 weeks before their implementation of evidence-based pain guidelines to patients. Patients were assigned to the control group (from July 29 to August 20, 2011) and the experimental group (from September 24 to October 25, 2011) according to interrupted time interval. The data were analyzed using chi-square test, analysis of variance test with Scheffes test as a post hoc and repeated measure of analysis of variance. RESULTS: Patients in the experimental group showed a significantly lower level of pain. Nurses' knowledge of management of postoperative pain showed a significant increase after installation of evidence-based guidelines. CONCLUSION: Evidence-based pain guidelines were effective in reducing the pain level of patients as well as improving nurses' knowledge of pain management.
Abdomen/surgery ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Education, Nursing, Continuing/*methods ; *Evidence-Based Nursing ; Female ; Guidelines as Topic ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; *Internet ; Male ; Pain Management/*nursing ; Pain, Postoperative/*nursing ; Republic of Korea ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

We retrospectively report the first use of intrathecal morphine prior to incision in two male patients undergoing a complex aortic reconstruction, who required complete circulatory arrest under deep hypothermia for intraoperative and postoperative pain control. We administered intrathecal morphine to two male patients undergoing circulatory arrest and deep hypothermia. Patients were fully heparinized prior to cardiopulmonary bypass. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was performed by cooling the patients to 18degrees C. Following the surgery, the neurologic status was monitored. The management of postoperative pain is a quality standard in health care. During the first 24 hours after surgery, we observed excellent analgesia without the associated side effects, thus, reducing the time required for pain control by the nursing staff. A successful analgetic strategy not only enhances the patient satisfaction, but may improve the postoperative outcome. However, complications, such as increased risk of epidural hematoma formation, are of special concern in cardiac surgery.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Circulatory Arrest, Deep Hypothermia Induced ; Delivery of Health Care ; Hematoma ; Heparin ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Male ; Morphine ; Nursing Staff ; Pain, Postoperative ; Patient Satisfaction ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Surgery

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of preoperative PCA (Patient-Controlled Analgesia)education on pain, patient attitude, and patient satisfaction in surgical patients. METHODS: The study was a quasi-experimental research design. The participants were 54 patients who were admitted for surgery at I hospital in G city, Korea. Of the 54 patients, 26 were assigned to the experimental group and the rest to the control group. The PCA education was provided in the nurses' station, individually to patients in the experimental group the day before their operation. Multimedia and brochure, and a real PCA model were used. The control group receivedonly verbal education about PCA. RESULTS: The postoperative pain scores were significantly different for lapse of time in the experimental group compare to the control group. Patient attitude toward using pain medicine was significantly more positive in the experimental group than in the control group. The postoperative patient satisfaction with pain management was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: The study findings indicate that preoperative PCA education could be an effective nursing intervention for pain management of surgical patients.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Humans ; Korea ; Multimedia ; Nursing Stations ; Pain Management ; Pain, Postoperative ; Pamphlets ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Patient Education as Topic ; Patient Satisfaction ; Research Design

PURPOSE: This study was to identify knowledge, attitude, use and state of the Patient Controlled Analgesics (PCA) in postoperative patients. METHOD: The research design was a descriptive research. From December 7, 2005 to January 6, 2006, 102 postoperative patients in a university hospital at Daegu were participated in the study. RESULTS: Analgesics with PCA were mainly morphine complex 73.5% and Demerol complex 26.5%. Previous experience of using PCA was only 28.4%, and the main sources of information were other post-op patients and families(43.1%). The most common reason of choice was a recommendation from other post-op patients and families(46.1%). The most common side effects of PCA were nausea and vomiting(20.6%). About 57% of the patients were satisfied with PCA, and pain scores decreased with PCA. Mean score for knowledge about PCA was 2.55 out of a possible 6, and for attitude related to pain medication. 2.31 out of possible 5. CONCLUSION: To increase the score on knowledge of PCA, a structured preoperative PCA education program should be developed by nursing staff.
Analgesics ; Daegu ; Education ; Humans ; Meperidine ; Morphine ; Nausea ; Nursing Staff ; Pain, Postoperative ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Research Design

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to test the effects of music therapy on postoperative pain in patients with total hip replacement. METHOD: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were composed of thirty patients with total hip replacement. Fifteen of them were assigned to the experimental group and fifteen to the control group. Fifteen minutes tailored music therapy was given to the experimental group during five consecutive days. The instruments used for this study were pain NRS(numerical rating scale). The data were analyzed using percent, mean, standard deviation, chi-square-test and repeated measure ANOVA using SPSS WIN 11.0. RESULTS: Hypothesis 1 "The score of pain NRS of experimental group will be lower than those of control group" was accepted(F=15.945, p<.001). Hypothesis 2 "The frequency of PCA analgesics of experimental group will be fewer than those of control group" was accepted (t=-2.312, p=.028). Hypothesis 3 "The vital signs(pulse, systolic BP and diastolic BP) of experimental group will be different from those of control group" was rejected. CONCLUSION: This music therapy can be recommended as an efficient nursing intervention to reduce postoperative pain in patients with total hip replacement.
Analgesics ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Humans ; Music Therapy* ; Music* ; Nursing ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Research Design