Abstract To investigate the effects of exercise on gut microbiota(GM) among children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)，the review provides an in depth summary of the three core biological pathways through which exercise modulates the GM: repairing the integrity of the intestinal barrier to inhibit lipopolysaccharide mediated neuroinflammation; optimizing key metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids, to reshape gut-brain communication; synergistically regulating the tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway and vagus nerve signaling to balance neurotransmitters. These interconnected pathways not only alleviate gastrointestinal discomfort but also provide a solid biological foundation for improving the core behavioral symptoms of ASD, such as social deficits and repetitive behaviors. Future research should focus on establishing standardized exercise intervention protocols, validating the efficacy of these key biological pathways using multi omics approaches, and exploring combined intervention strategies. The results of corollary studies will provide a more robust scientific basis for precision rehabilitation of children with ASD.