Background: Herpes zoster (shingles) is an acute inflammatory skin disease caused by the reactivation of the Varicel la-zoster virus. International studies show that the disease severely reduces patients’ quality of life, and chronic pain negatively affects daily activities. In clinical practice, bloodletting pricking therapy has been effectively used for herpes zoster, with positive effects including reducing disease symptoms, alleviating skin inflammation, and promoting skin regeneration. Due to the limited research on treating herpes zoster with combined bloodletting pricking therapy and acupuncture, this clinical study was conducted. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of combining bloodletting pricking therapy with acupuncture in patients diagnosed with herpes zoster. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a non-randomized clinical trial design based at the Internation al School of Mongolian Medicine of MNUMS and the Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Medicine Committee (IMIMC). The study included 70 patients diagnosed with herpes zoster (ICD 10-B02.9) who met the inclusion criteria. The treatment group received bloodletting pricking therapy combined with acupuncture. The control group received Acyclovir 800 mg 5 times daily for 7-10 days and Pregabalin 75 mg twice daily for 14 days. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated using the VAS linear scale for pain assessment, the SF-12 (Short Form-12 health survey) questionnaire for quality of life, and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) to measure sleep quality and evaluate insomnia. The treatment outcome was assessed according to the Mongolian Traditional Medicine Diagnostic and Treatment Standards. Results: The average age of participants was 47.29±11.11 in the treatment group and 44.43±11.63 in the control group, with 34% male and 66% female participants. According to the VAS linear scale, the treatment group showed a statistically significant greater reduction in pain (P<0.001). The quality-of-life assessment using the SF-12 questionnaire showed that the Physical Component Summary (SF-12-PCS) in the treatment group increased from 32.71±7.38 before treatment to 52.99±2.02 after treatment (t=-17.18, p<0.001), while in the control group, it increased from 36.10±7.41 to 51.56±7.9 (SF-12-3.9) (p<0.001). According to the AIS questionnaire, the sleep quality in the treatment group was significantly better than in the control group (P<0.05). According to the Mongolian Traditional Medicine Diagnostic and Treatment Standards, the combined treatment of pricking therapy and acupuncture resulted in a 100% recovery rate. Conclusion 1. The combination of bloodletting pricking therapy and acupuncture in treating herpes zoster effectively reduces pain. 2. For patients diagnosed with herpes zoster, combining bloodletting pricking therapy with acupuncture effectively improves quality of life in terms of sleep quality as well as physical and mental functioning.

Background: Pre-procedural mouth rinsing has been shown to reduce pathogenic microorganisms, prevent secondary infections, and shorten healing time prior to periodontal treatment, oral surgeries, and endodontic procedures. In Mongolia, most dental clinics routinely recommend mouth rinsing before treatment. Moreover, since the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a notable increase in the public’s use of various mouth rinses outside clinical settings. However, there is a lack of comparative clinical studies assessing the efficacy of these commercially available rinses. Aim: To clinically compare the effects of various commonly used mouth rinses with different active ingredients on the oral environment. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted involving 210 participants with mixed dentition, receiving care at the Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Department of the Central Dental Hospital of Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences. Participants completed a 17-question survey in three groups, followed by clinical examinations. Oral pH, malodor, and bacterial counts were measured using a phase-contrast microscope (OMAX 40X-2500X, USA) after collecting plaque and saliva samples. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences. Data analysis was performed using STATA 14. Results: A total of 210 children participated (mean age 9.04±1.2 year; 52.2% male, 47.8% female). The average DMFT index was 6.3 DMF+df/t (high), and oral hygiene index was 1.53 score (moderate). The baseline oral pH was 6.3±0.5 score. After rinsing with sodium bicarbonate, the pH increased to 7.4±0.4 score, and remained at 6.61±0.31 score after 40 minutes. In contrast, the placebo group showed minimal change (6.06±0.45 to 6.09±0.31 score). Statistically significant differences between groups were observed. Baseline oral malodor averaged 80.8±1.4 ppb. After rinsing with povidone-iodine, it decreased to 76.1±3.4 ppb at 40 minutes, while in the placebo group it decreased from 74.2±4.9 ppb to 66.3±3.8 ppb. Bacterial count prior to rinsing was 18.85±0.77 score. Chlorhexidine gluconate reduced this to 11.06±0.68 score immediately after rinsing and to 8.8±3.8 score after 40 minutes, whereas the placebo group showed minimal reduction (15.21±2.02 to 17.6±2.2 score). Conclusions Pre-procedural mouth rinsing demonstrated a statistically significant positive impact on the oral environ ment, including improvements in breath odor and a reduction in microbial load. The effectiveness of these outcomes was found to vary depending on the specific composition of the mouthwash used. These findings suggest that selecting an appropriate mouthwash based on the clinical setting can enhance treatment efficiency. Nonetheless, all evaluated solutions contributed to maintaining or improving the balance of the oral environment.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma, which accounts for 90-95% of oral cancer, arises from the uncontrolled and disordered growth of keratinocyte cells in the mucous of lip and oral cavity. It occupies 2-3% of all cancers and 38% of head and neck cancers. Aim: To study recurrence and prognosis of patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma Materials and Мethods: Our study, based on retrospective cohort method was conducted from medical reports of 207 patients who were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of oral cancer and at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Radio and Chemotherapy of the National Cancer Center of Mongolia between 2009-2019 years. All statistical analysis were carried out using STATA version 15.0 and we performed survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier method. All statistical tests were two sided, and P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences on June 08, 2021 (№ 2021/3-07). Results: A total of 207 oral cancer cases were registered during the study period. The most common site of oral cancer was the tongue (47.3%, 98/207). Of these, cases 69.4% (68) presented in males and 30.6% (30) in females. At the time of diagnosis, 77 patients (78.5%) were in late stage (III, IV) and 76 cases (77.6%) were well-differentiated. During the study period, 20 patients (20.4%) experienced tongue cancer recurrence; female patients (18.8%, 3/20) had significantly less chance of recurrence compared to men (81.2%, 17/20), (p=0.033). Patients over 61 years old had higher oral cancer recurrence than patients under 60 years, but there was no significant difference in age groups. 90.6% (18/20) of tongue cancer recurrence had with lymph node metastasis; compared to patients without lymph node metastasis (9.4%, 2/20), tongue cancer recurrence was significantly higher (p=0.025). And there was a statistical difference in tongue cancer recurrence percentage among clinical stages (p=0.003). Thirteen (69.4%) patients diagnosed in stage IV had oral cancer recurrence. Pathological grading, and tumor size did not significantly influence cancer recurrence. Conclusion 1. The gender, advanced stage and lymph node metastasis of patients with tongue cancer were significantly associated with the presence of tongue cancer recurrence. (p=0.033, p=0.025, p=0.003). 2. The 5-year survival rate for tongue cancer was the lowest among the oral cancer, which we consider to be due to factors such as late-stage diagnosis, and anatomical characteristics of tongue.

Background: The skin barrier serves as the primary defense against environmental factors. Mongolia’s extreme climate conditions may contribute to skin barrier impairment, increased trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), and decreased skin moisture. Objective: To determine and compare skin moisture, TEWL, and skin pH levels in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2023 with 104 relatively healthy children selected through random sampling. Skin physiological parameters, including skin moisture, skin pH and TEWL were measured following the EEMCO (European Group on Efficacy Measurement of Cosmetics and Other Topical Products) guidelines using the Multi Skin Test MC750 device (Courage+Khazaka Electronics, Germany) at nine different sites. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and Stata-14 software. Results: Among the participants, 51.9% (n=54) reported having dry skin (p<0.0001). Additionally, 64.5% (n=67) used moisturizers, but their usage did not show a statistically significant difference in skin moisture (p=0.929), skin pH (p=0.378), or TEWL (p=0.332). 14.42% (n=15) had extremely dry skin, while 85.58% (n=89) had dry skin, with no participants falling within the normal skin moisture range. TEWL showed a moderate inverse correlation with age (r=-0.331, p=0.0006). When analyzed by age groups, skin moisture (p=0.023) and TEWL (p=0.038) differed significantly between groups. Conclusion Skin moisture and TEWL significantly differ across age groups. Given that all participants had dry skin, moisturization is crucial. Mongolia’s extreme climate is likely a key contributing factor to childhood skin dryness.

Background: In recent years, stroke has remained one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Globally, the incidence among adults ranges from 134.9 to 336.3 cases per 100,000 population annually, with mortality rates between 36.7 and 136.7 per 100,000. In Mongolian traditional medicine, stroke prevention is not only related to diet and lifestyle but also depends on an individual’s unique bodily constitution, age, strength, and life habits. Since people differ physiologically, the diseases arising from the four causative conditions manifest differently. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the relationship between an individual’s constitutional type and stroke risk factors, aiming to contribute to stroke prevention. Aim: To study the relationship between individual constitutional types in Mongolian traditional medicine and stroke risk factors, specifically hypertension and dyslipidemia. Materials and Methods: A total of 2,086 participants were included from the Departments of Cardiology, Neurology, and Ultrasonography of the affiliated hospital of the Inner Mongolia National University. Data were collected through questionnaires, assessment of constitutional type, blood pressure measurement, and blood lipid analysis. Statistical processing was performed using SPSS 18.0 software. Chi-square (χ²), ANOVA tests, multivariate logistic regression, and correspondence analysis were used, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Among the participants, those with the “Khurmal” (Hormal) and “Badgan-Khi” (Phlegm-Wind) constitutions accounted for the highest proportions (34.3% and 26.7%, respectively), showing a statistically significant association with stroke risk factors (p<0.05). In terms of the relationship between constitution and blood pressure, individuals with the Badgan-Khi type had a higher risk, and a statistically significant association was found between blood pressure, risk classification, and the Badgan-Khi and Khormal types (p<0.05). Regarding constitution and blood lipid levels, the proportions in the stroke population were: indeterminate lipid ratio (58.3%), dyslipidemia (33.3%), and normal blood lipids (8.3%). A statistically significant relationship was observed between blood lipid levels, risk classification, and the Khi-Shar and Badgan-Khi constitutions (p<0.05). Conclusion Stroke risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia are associated with an individual’s body constitutional type. The study confirmed that individuals with a Khi-dominant constitution tend to have higher sympathetic nervous system activity, blood pressure, and vascular reactivity, providing a biological basis for increased stroke risk. For Badgan-dominant individuals, metabolic disturbances and lipid accumulation were identified as contributors to elevated stroke risk.

Oral hygeine status of children with henoch-schonlein purpura (HSP) disease Backround: Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) disease is an inflammatory disease in which capillaries, venules, and arterioles are dominated by microvessels due to the accumulation of Ig-A immunity in the walls. Eighty percent of children with HSP have chronic infections such as chronic tonsillitis, otitis media, dental caries, and gingivitis.1-8 However, no research has yet been conducted to determine the prevalence and severity of tooth decay in children with Shenlein-Genoch disease, and to assess gingivitis and oral hygiene. Materials and methods: The survey was conducted from 50 children with the HSP from the Department of Cardiovascular Connective Tissue Pathology of Pediatric Consultant Polyclinic of the National Center for Maternal and Child Health and was conducted in using cross-sectional survey accordance with the number 07- 2021/3, Principles of the Research Ethics Review Committee of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences and, the results of the study were processed using the statistical software SPSS 25. Results: The prevalence of tooth decay among children with HSP was high at 95% for mixed dentition and 100% for each stage of primary and permanent dentition, while the intensity of tooth decay was 7,304.64 (caries+ fillings+extraction/ tooth) during primary dentition, 7,303.46 (caries+fillings / tooth) + (caries+fillings+extaction / tooth) during mixed dentures and 11,294.13 (caries+fillings+extraction / tooth) during permanent dentition. It is noteworthy that the level is very high at all.In the study of children with gingivitis, 50% of them had gingivitis with primary dentition, 60.9% with mixed dentition, and 58.8% with permanent dentition. The proportion of healthy children without gingivitis was 50% for primary dentition, 39.1% for mixed dentition, and 41.2% for permanent dentition. The proportion of “good” condition in the study was 30% for primary dentition, 39.1% for mixed dentition, 35.3% for permanent dentition. The “mean” rate was highest for 70% for primary dentition, 56.5% for mixed dentition and 58.8% for permanent dentition. The “insufficient” rate was 4.3% for mixed dentition and the lowest for 5.9% for permanent dentition. Conclusions: 1. The prevalence of tooth decay among children with HSP was high at 95% for mixed dentition and 100% for each stage of primary and permanent dentition, while the intensity of tooth decay was 7,304.64 (caries+ fillings+extraction/ tooth) during primary dentition. 7.303.46 (caries+ fillings+extraction/ tooth)+ ( caries+ fillings+extraction/ tooth) during mixed dentition and 11.294.13 (caries+ fillings+extraction/ tooth) for permanent dentition means that all of the level is at high intensity. 2. In the study of children with gingivitis, 50% of them had gingivitis with primary teeth, 60.9% with mixed teeth, and 58.8% with permanent teeth. The proportion of healthy children without gingivitis was 50% for primary dentition, 39.1% for mixed dentition, and 41.2% for permanent dentition. However, there is a statistically significant result (p <0.001) of the more increase in tooth plaque of poor oral hygiene the more increase in gingivitis. 3. The proportion of “good” condition in the study was 30% for primary dentition, 39.1% for mixed dentition, 35.3% for permanent dentition, the “mean” rate was 70% for primary dentition, 56.5% for mixed dentition and 58.8% for permanent dentition. The “insufficient” rate was 4.4% for mixed dentition, or the lowest for 5.9% for permanent dentition. There were no statistically significant differences (p> 0.05) between oral health and the HSP status of the children in the study. According to the results of the survey, it is observed that the oral health status among the respondents is insufficient.

Introduction: Over 800,000 people in the world contract HCC each year and approximately 700,000 die from the disease. HCC is the 6th most common cancer in the world. HCC is the 3rd leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. 2/3 of liver cancer deaths are caused by hepatitis. In the U.S, HCV infection is the more common cause of HCC, while in Asia and Africa, HBV is more common. Mongolia ranks first in the world in mortality from liver cancer, indicating the need for early detection and treatment of cirrhosis. Sysmex Corporation has introduced for HISCL series analyser, a new cirrhosis marker M2BPGi of non-invasive, blood-testing. In 2016, the test was introduced at Medipas Hospital in Orkhon province. It is possible to study the advantages and significance of the marker for use in clinical practice. Materials and methods: From a total of 385 patients who underwent M2BPGi marker testing in 2016-2017Medipas hospital laboratory, data from a total of 283 patients tested for hepatitis B and C virus and M2BRGi markers were selected. A comparison of age, sex, and test parameters of a total of HCVab and HBsAg positive 172 patients tested for Total bilirubin, GPT, GOT, GGT, AFP and M2BPGi. HCV Ab, HBsAg, AFP, M2BPGi markers were analyzed by SysmexHISCL-5000 fully automated immunological analyzer, Liver function tests were performed with a fully automatic biochemical analyzer JEOL Biomajesty BM6010/C. Results: Of the M2BPGi marker tested 283 patients 94 (33%) were infected with the C virus, 78 (28%) were with the B virus,11 (4%) were co-infected with B and C viruses, 100 (35%) no any viral infection. Of the 172 patients diagnosed with hepatitis B and C virus infection, 97 (56%) were male, 75 (44%) were female. In terms of age, 72% of the population is over 45 years old.
Of the 172 patients, 115 (67%) had M2BPGi marker abnormal or > 1.0 COI. Of the M2BPGi marker abnormal patients, 47 (41%) were infected with the B virus and 68 (59%) with the C virus. In terms of age, 27.7% of hepatitis B patients and 10.3% of hepatitis C patients were under 45 years of age, 72.3% of hepatitis B patients and 89.7% of hepatitis C virus patients were over 45 years of age.
Hepatitis B and C viruses are slightly more common in men than in women. The majority of patients infected with the hepatitis virus over the age of 45. The majority of patients with hepatitis virus have abnormal liver function. Increased M2BPGi markers in people under the age of 45 with hepatitis B virus infection are relatively higher for hepatitis B virus infection than for C virus infection. Conclusions The M2BPGi marker was abnormal in 67% of hepatitis virus infected patients. It has been observed that the probability of an increase in M2BPGi marker is slightly higher in hepatitis C virus infection than in hepatitis B virus infection.

Background: A blood product is any therapeutic substance derived from human blood, including whole blood and other blood components for transfusion, and plasma-derived medicinal products. Medicinal (medical therapeutic) products derived from human donations of blood and plasma play a critical role in health care. Safe, effective and quality-assured blood products contribute to improving and saving millions of lives every year, as they: address child mortality and maternal health, dramatically improve the life expectancy and quality of life of patients suffering from life-threatening inherited disorders, such as haemophilia, thalassaemia and immune deficiency, and acquired conditions such as cancer and traumatic haemorrhage and support complex medical and surgical procedures, including transplantation. An insufficient or unsafe blood supply for transfusion has a negative impact on the effectiveness of key health services and programmes to provide appropriate patient care in numerous acute and chronic conditions. Ensuring access of all patients who require transfusion to safe, effective and quality-assured blood products is a key component of an effective health system and vital for patient safety.
Although the number of blood donors is increasing, there are still insufficient human and financial resources for encouraging the growing demand of blood and blood products and new blood donors. Material and Methods: We collected secondary data by using using the order forms of hospitals that used blood and blood products registered in the National Center for Blood Transfusion Research in 2017-2019 in accordance with the retrospective survey method.
In total 34,119 hospital order information sheet was entered into computer in excel program, and converted into SPSS 23 software, descriptive parameters were calculated and analyzed. Results: Compare to the 2017 (n=9076), the demand of blood product was increased by 21.8%, and 54.8% in 2019. There are 51.9% (95%CI: 51.2-52.5) of total users are male, which is statistically significant. The mean age of blood product users were aged 48.58±21.32, the youngest user was aged 1 and the oldest age was 99. The demand of blood products were increased by growing of the age of users. The product usage of age group of 46-55 was 17.8% and has trend to increase year by year. In total, 11.3% of total blood product was utilized for children and 72.3% of them were aged less than 5 years old. 73.0% of total blood products were utilized in specialized hospitals, 14.6 % of them were used in aimag and district level hospitals and 11.3% of them were used in private clinics. 24.4% of blood products utilization was used for diseases of digestive system (К00-К93), 22.1% of them were used for diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism, and 19.5% of them were used for the cancer (C00-C97) disease patient’s treatment. Conclusion Since after new treatment guidance was introduced the blood and blood products usage had been increased.

Background: The resulting 5 core competencies that should be common in health professions’ education aAAAAwzzzzere imbedded in the following vision statement from the summit. In our (the authors) roles as clinical educators and health professional education researchers, we often hear clinician colleagues describe interprofessional competencies as “soft skills” and see them as the “poor cousin” to clinical skills. Methods: The survey instrument contained four scales to evaluate faculty attitudes toward IPE and teamwork adapted from the methods of Curran et al (2007) To define the structure clearer, an exploratory factor analysis using varimax rotation was conducted. The level of significance was p<.0001 for all tests. Results: As shown in results mean score was “Attitudes towards health care team” was 3.85, “Attitudes towards interprofessional education” was 4.02, “Attitudes towards interprofessional learning in the academic setting”.was 3.8. The Kaiser–Meyer-Olkin index was 0.735, indicating sampling adequacy, and the Bartlett Sphericity Chi Square index was 357.8 (p <0.0001). Cronbach’s alpha of the 14 items was 0.793, revialing a high rate of internal consistency. The modified ATHCTS questionnaire was categorized into the four factors “Quality of care”, “Team efficiency”, “Patient centred care”, “Negative factors”. Conclusions Findings suggest that the positive attitude of students towards IPE indicates the need for IPE training.

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are at the second place in the frequency of all causes of infection after respiratory ones. The UTI requires appropriate antibiotic treatment. 85% of UTI predictive antibiotic treatment without confirmation by bacteriological analysis. This is one of the major causes of drug resistance, especially in K.coli. Urine bacteriological tests do not show bacterial culture in all cases where the number of bacteria in the urine exceeds the reference level. Therefore, there was a need to establish criteria for urine bacteriology test based on the results of urine sediment analysis.
In 20I7, a new fully automated Sysmex UF-5000 urine sediment analyzer was installed in the laboratory department of Medipas Hospital. The features of this analyzer include counting the number of bacteria in the urine, distinguishing between gram-positive and negative, homogeneous and mixed forms, and counting the formed elements in the urine. This feature made it possible to compare the number of bacteria and leukocytes in the urine with the results of urine bacteriology tests. Goal: Determine the relationship between the number of white blood cells and bacteria in the urine measured by the Sysmex UF-5000 urine sediment analyzer and the results of the urinary bacteriological test. Objectives: Compare the number of urine bacteriaand leukocyte measured by using the Sysmex UF-5000 urine sediment analyzer with the urine bacterial culture, and calculate the correlation. Materials and methods: The study is analytic cross-sectional study, analyzed the results of a total of 159 people who analyzed a urinalysis and urine bacteriological test at the Medipas Hospital Laboratory in 2017-2019 years.Urine samples were collected in a 100 ml, disposable sterile container in accordance with the instructions for taking urine midstream.Urine analysis was performed within 2 hours of sampling with a fully automatic urine sediment analyzer Sysmex UF-5000 Japan. Urine bacteriological analysis was performed on a lul sterile loop of urine specimens, inoculated into 5% blood agar from Hungary's BioLab, Sabouraud agar, and Chromogen agar from Biomerieux France, and incubated for 24 hours in an incubator at 37°C. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests were analyzed using the "Vitek-2" analyzer from the manufacturer Biomerieux France. Bacterial and leukocyte counts data measured by the Sysmex UF-5000 analyzer and urinary bacteriological analysis data were performed using SPSS23 software. Results: A total of 159 urine samples were tested for bacteriological analysis, of which 81 (50.9%) were bacteria over 105 CFU/ml or urine positive culture UTIs, 78 (49.1%) were nonsignificant bactcruria and urine negative culture.The average number of bacteria measured in the urine of 81 samples with urine positive culture above 105 CFU/ ml was 46491/ul (1168-100000 BACT/ul).
The average number of bacteria measured by the urine sediment analyzer of 78 samples with urine negative culture was 2645 BACT/ ul (2-57280 BACT/ul). To calculate more accurately estimate the average number of bacteria in 81 urine specimens with positive culture, the average number of bacteria in 17 (21%) samples was 4753 BACT/ul, measured in relatively low bacteria numbers of 1168-9450BACT/ul. The average leukocyte number in the urine of 81 samples with positive culture was 472.2 WBC/ul, and the average leukocyte number in the urine of 78 samples with negative culture was 87.7 WBC/ul.There is a strong correlation between the number of bacteria measured by the urine sediment analyzer and urine bacterial positive culture, which is 0.8 or statistically significant (p<0.001).The correlation coefficient of the number leukocytes measured by the urine sediment analyzer with in the urine positive cultureof bacteriological tests was 0.6 or moderately of statistically significant (p=0.005).There is a statistically significant relationship (p=0.001) between the number of bacteria in the bacterial positive culture population and the number of leukocytes. Discussion: Of the 81 cases of urine bacterial positive culture, 78 (96%) were female, indicating a high prevalence of UTI among women. According to the results of the Fabio Manon's study, the number of leukocytes in the urine is 160-340 WBC/uL and the number of bacteria is 15000-30000 BACT/u,L in the case of UTI, which is approximate results compared to the our study results.Based on the results of the urine sediment analysis, indications for a urine bacteriological test should be made.
Based on the results of urinary bacteriological tests, the choice of antibiotic treatment is the best treatment for urinary tract infections and a way to prevent of antibiotic resistance to UTI. Conclusions The number of bacteria measured by a Sysmex UF-5000 urine sediment analyzer is directly related to the bacterial culture urine bacteriological test. If the number of bacteria in the urine is measured above 4753 BACT/ul, it can be considered as an indication for urine bacteriological analysis. Although the number of leukocytes in the urine measured by the Sysmex UF-5000 urine analyzer is moderately correlated with bacterial culture in urine bactcriologucal tests, it is a key indicator of the degree of inflammation of the urinary tract.