Background: Erysipelas is an acute, recurrent infectious disease caused by Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus. Recurrence occurs in 12–29% of patients, and complications in approximately 31%. International studies indicate that age, sex, and skin conditions are key factors influencing complications and recurrence. In Mongolia, the incidence of erysipelas has not steadily declined, and there is a lack of studies investigating clinical and laboratory predictors of complications and recurrence. Aim:: This study aimed to investigate clinical and laboratory predictors of complications and recurrence among erysipelas cases registered in Mongolia. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 165 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of erysipelas at the National Center for Communicable Diseases between 2020 and 2024 were randomly selected. Data were collected based on the “Clinical Guidelines for Erysipelas.” Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS-26, and ROC curve analysis along with regression models were used to determine risk and predictive factors. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 50.4±14.2 years; 76.5% were female, and 32.1% were herders. Recurrence was observed in 55.1% of patients (42.8% repeated episodes, 57.2% recurrent cases), and complications occurred in 10.3%. Among patients with complications, lesions were most commonly located on the face (41.2%) and predominantly presented as erythematous-bullous forms (70.6%). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was 7.1 (AUC: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.79–0.91, p=0.001), and the systemic inflammatory response index was 3.9 (AUC: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88–0.98, p=0.001), indicating high levels. Multivariable regression analysis showed that risk factors for complications included age >45 years (aOR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.2–2.7, p=0.004), female sex (aOR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.7–4.6, p=0.001), and occupation (herder) (aOR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.3–5.4, p=0.001). Chronic tonsillitis was significantly associated with recurrence (OR=3.8, 95% CI: 2.5–5.7, p=0.001). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that each additional year of age increased the risk of complications by 2% (HR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.03, p=0.003), while the presence of chronic tonsillitis increased the risk of recurrence by 7.69 times (HR=7.69, 95% CI: 5.15–11.49, p=0.001). Conclusion Cellular ratio indicators in erysipelas are useful for assessing inflammatory activity and disease progression. Age, sex, occupation, and the presence of chronic tonsillitis significantly influence the risk of complications and recurrence in erysipelas.

Background: Mongolia, as a country with a high burden of liver disease caused by viral infections, has prioritized reducing the spread of viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in line with the WHO strategy for 2022–2030. Orders A/133 (2023) and A/18 (2024) issued by the Ministry of Health mandate that healthcare providers initiate screening of hospitalized patients for hepatitis B and C viruses, syphilis, and HIV infection. Among infectious diseases registered in Mongolia, STIs rank among the leading causes, with more than 40% of reported cases being newly diagnosed syphilis. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and syphilis are transmitted via the parenteral route, can lead to chronic disease, and co-infection represents a serious condition that accelerates liver damage and negatively affects treatment outcomes. Syphilis infection places additional stress on liver function and exacerbates HCV-related inflammation. Aim: This study aimed to investigate how syphilis co-infection affects the biochemical and clinical course of acute hepatitis C virus infection. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, hospital-based cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 74 patients diagnosed with acute hepatitis C virus infection and treated at the National Center for Communicable Diseases between 2025 and 2026 were randomly selected. Data were collected from medical records. Patients were divided into two groups based on syphilis serology results: HCV mono-infection and HCV with syphilis co-infection. Differences between variables in the two groups were analyzed using the T-test, with statistical analysis performed using SPSS version 26. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the study participants, 17 (23%) had syphilis co-infection. There were no statistically significant differences in age and sex between the groups (p=0.982). In the co-infected group, 23.5% had high RPR titers (indicative of active/new infection). Clinically, general signs of infection and intoxication (35.3%), fatigue (100%), dyspeptic syndrome (100%), and intoxication syndrome (100%) were predominant. Biochemical analysis showed significantly higher levels in the co-infected group compared to the mono-infected group: total bilirubin (192.4 vs 110.5 μmol/L, p<0.01), alkaline phosphatase (245.8 vs 132.1 U/L, p=0.004), and ALT (1240.5 vs 850.2 U/L, p=0.03). Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that the mean time for ALT normalization was longer in the co-infected group (26.4 days) compared to the mono-infected group (20.7 days) (p=0.006), indicating prolonged recovery. Conclusion Syphilis co-infection worsens the clinical course of acute hepatitis C, deepens jaundice and cholestatic syndrome, and prolongs the normalization of biochemical parameters.

Background: Pregnancy induces multiple physiological, metabolic, and immunological alterations that increase susceptibility to infections, often necessitating antibiotic therapy. Evaluating the rational use of antibiotics among pregnant women is crucial for optimizing antimicrobial stewardship at the hospital level, improving clinical pharmacy services, and reducing the risk of antimicrobial resistance. Aim: To assess the rational use of antibiotics, including indication, selection, dosage, and treatment duration—among hospitalized pregnant women in the Department of High-Risk Pregnancy and the Department of Preterm Birth at the National Center for Maternal and Child Health. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using a specifically designed data collection form to assess antibiotic use among inpatients at the National Center for Maternal and Child Health. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 29.0. Results: A total of 348 pregnant inpatients were included, with a mean age of 31.6 ± 6.9 years. The mean length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the Department of Preterm Birth (12.5 ± 5.0 days) compared to the Department of High-Risk Pregnancy (5.9 ± 2.0 days; p < 0.001). The indications for antibiotic use were therapeutic in 39.1%, prophylactic in 33.0%, and unspecified in 21.3% of cases. The most frequently prescribed antibiotic regimen was a combination of β-lactams and metronidazole (29%). While the dosing of cefazolin and cefotaxime was largely appropriate, notable dosing discrepancies were observed in the dosing of ampicillin and azithromycin. Based on the U.S. FDA pregnancy risk classification, among a total of 762 antibiotic prescriptions, 87.0% belonged to category B, 8.8% to category C, and 4.2% to category D, with no significant variation across trimesters (p = 0.695). Conclusion The assessment of antibiotic use among hospitalized pregnant women at the National Center for Maternal and Child Health revealed that 39.1% of the prescriptions were therapeutic, 33.0% were prophylactic, and 21.3% lacked a clear indication for use. β-lactam antibiotics were the most commonly used agents, frequently combined with metronidazole. Based on the FDA classification system, 87% of the prescribed antibiotics belonged to category B, 8.8% to category C, and 4.2% to category D. These findings indicate inappropriate antibiotic use and insufficient implementation of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Therefore, strict adherence to antibiotic stewardship programs and strengthening of clinical pharmacy services are necessary to improve antibiotic use practices.