The clinical sign of children’s kidney and urinary tract petrification diseases and the result of eswl Background: A substance exchange disorder where stones form in the kidney or urinary tract with a tendency toward inheritance is called urinary tract petrification disease. In many countries throughout the world, the incidence of urinary tract petrification disease is one to fifteen percent. Urinary tract permeability disease affects 7% of people under the age of 17. Due to the unique nature of the habitat, the incidence of urinary tract petrification disease is higher in India, Thailand, Scandinavian countries, and the Caucasian, Ural, Siberia, and Equator areas. However, the incidence of urinary tract petrification disease spread is two to three percent for children, but the reoccurance risk is 6.5–54 percent. In our country’s case, J. Horloo’s 1993 research indicates that 4.1 to 4.7 percent of kidney and urinary tract patients have urinary tract disease. During urinary tract disease, the common symptoms are abdominal pain, macro- and microhematuria, and kidney and renal bacterial infection. But in younger children, those symptoms are quite grim. In the last 15 years, mongolian’s urine’s oxalate stone’s volume increased by 5 times and mixed stones decreased by 2.5 times. The research of G. Erdenetsetseg’s 1990–1998 study on 305 children and the 2001–2003 study on 161 children indicate that the incidence of urinary tract disease is high between ages 1-3, and 65 percent of the stones consist of calcium oxalate. In 1980, German scientists invented the stone crushing technology using electrohydraulic shockwaves, which turned out to be a beneficial treatment for kidney surgery practice. The National Hospital for Maternal and Child Health's kidney surgery team had 17 surgeries in 2015, 19 surgeries in 2016, 24 surgeries in 2017, and 28 surgeries in 2018, and all of those surgeries were done and treated open. In the last 10 years of our country, children’s urinary tract petrification disease has gradually increased, but research on those diseases risks and factors is lacking. Also, the stone crushing method is necessary for our country’s children's treatment. That’s why we decided to do research on the risk factors of urinary tract disease and its relation to the stone crushing method. Aim: Describe the features of children’s kidney and urinary tract petrification disease and study the stone crushing method’s results. Materials and methods: The study was done between December of 2019 and April of 2022, with the assistance of NCMCH's children's kidney surgery team. Within the parameter of the first objective, within the group of cases of kidney and urinary tract disease, there were 13 children under the age of 17. The research study was conducted cross sectional. The research results were processed by the SPSS 25 program. On the seventh meeting of the health ministry, we got the acceptance of a research patent with the assistance of EHEMUT. Results: The research group consisted of 13 children ages 0–17. The average age of participants was 10.6+-4.2.74. 4 percent of it consisted of men. The research of symptoms showed that back pain n = 13 (100), right side abdominal pain n = 13 (100), disurie n = 3 (23.1), mouth drying n = 2 (15.4), nausea n = 3 (23.1), urine with blood n = 10 (76.9), urine with smell n = 9 (69.2). The position of the stone consisted of 8 (61.5) in the kidney cup, 8 in the kidney cradle. Showing it in which kidney showed that 8 (61.5) were in the right kidney, 3 (23.1) in the left kidney, and 2 (15.4) in both kidneys. The density of the stones was n = 265.8+ 41.9 on average. Kidney stone coming out time was measured by Caplan-Myer’s survivability scale. The stones on the right side of the kidney came out within 14 days on average, while the left and both-sided kidney stones came out within 30 days. Conclusions: 1. Showing the number of stones and locations indicates that 8 (61.5) were in the right kidney, 3 (23.1) in the left kidney, and 2 (15.4) in both kidneys. 2. The results of Caplan-Meyer's scale indicate that kidney stones within the right kidney came out within 14 days, and left- or both-sided stones came out within 30 days.

Comparative result of laparoscopic versus open varicocelectomy in children Introduction: Varicocele is an abnormal dilatation of the pampiniform plexus due to the inversion of venous blood flow within spermatic veins. In our country, there is currently no comparative studies for open and laparoscopic varicocelectomy in children and adolescents. Therefore, we need to perform a comparative study of surgical methods. Methods and materials: The case records of 61 patients were retrospectively reviewed рostoperative recurrence, complications, duration of surgery, hospital stay and cost of surgery who underwent open and laparoscopic varicocelectomy between 1 January, 2012 and 1 January, 2018 at the department of pediatric urology, NCMCH. Results: The age range for both group was similar, 9 to 18 years, average age was 14 ± 2.1. In the first group, the operation time was 15-50 minutes, with an average of 28.6 ± 5.67 minutes, and 25-90 minutes, with an average of 49 ± 13.7 minutes for second group. Hospital stay in the first group were 3-8 days, with an average of 4.7 ± 0.89, and 3-5 days, with an average of 3.6 ± 0.76 for second group. Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery has advantages over traditional open surgery, surgical incision is smaller, less postoperative pain, and a shorter postoperative recovery time. Therefore, in further laparoscopic varicovelectomy (Palomo procedure) may be more appropriate and effective method in children and adolescents.

A school environment may cause positive effect upon health and healthy behavior, but also representmain factor for transfer of non-infectious diseases. Therefore, the issue of maintaining an appropriate environment in operations of training and educational institution would be considered as vital in every country of the world. In our country the solid waste hygienic conditions around children organizations represent one of actual problems. Through the research work was aimed to evaluate the state of solid waste at external environment of general educational institutions by the momentum model of analytical research and involving 103 state proprietary Educational Institutions of 9 districts. At developing estimation list of solid waste at external environment of schools were used current effective standards, resolutions and regulations. 88.3 percent of schools involved into research work had special solid waste-points and 11.7 percent had no special solid waste-points. 38.8 percent of solid waste-points were fenced from all sidesand 44.7 percent fenced from some sides and 16.5 percent had no fence in whole. The research of material from which was made a solid waste-keeping facility showed that 44.2 percent were made from metal, 2.3 percent from wood and 52.3 percent from brick. When we studied whether the solid waste-keeping facility is placed in distance of 25 meters from school according to standard,was determined that 71.8 percent were built according to the standard, 28.2 percent were allocated within 25 meters showing inconformity with the standard. During the research it has been detected that among schools 27.2 percent had too much solid waste-heap, 25.5 percent had placed no special recycle-bins on the school site and 13.6 percent conducted wrong activity by incinerating solid waste on the territory of school.2/3 or total 63 schools among Metropolitan state proprietary educational institutions has non- standard solid waste-keeping facility, 1/3 or 29 schools has located their solid waste-points in non- standard distance, there exists much solid waste-heap because of insufficient recycle-bins, absence of solid waste-points results in collection of solid waste in a special room inside of school and later its transportation with scavenger. Also, 13.6 percent or 14 schools are incinerating their solid waste within school site. This breeches effective hygienic norms and normative.

IntroductionThe research was performed with a purpose of assessing the reality of first aid during road accidents in urban and rural areas, knowledge, attitude and practice of the population and risk groups and preparedness of primary care facilities.Materials and Methods30 cases were researched by epidemiologic approach. The observation covered 64 drugstores and shops in urban and rural areas and the action methods were applied to 1068 rural and urban people. ResultsThe percentage of totally-injured pedestrians is 66.7% in 30 cases of 23.3% received first aid. Although the first aid given to 40 percent of accident victims were people who accompanied them, such as drivers and other people, 66.7 percent of those first aids were not performed correctly while there was no the first aid available to the remaining 60%. There was no first aid material in all these cases. 50.7% of the total of 1068 participants involved in the KAP test had no knowledge on first aid, although a quarter of them attended a related training, 69.9% of them have never performed first aid personally, one of every two people had no material for emergency or there was such problem faced that they had no enough knowledge and experience of first aid. There is a first aid corner in 58.3% all drugstores and shops in Ulaanbaatar city and in 30.3% in rural places. Conclusion: As a result of the study, it shows that citizens have no enough KAP on first aid to provide during accidents and injuries: they have no materials for first aid. Training for the first aid is required for citizens. It is necessary make complex sets of first aid materials available in all trade units and to improve their usage commonly.

Traditional medicine describes common flu as excessof blood and bile heat combined with microbes which results infectious heat. Deva-5is a decoction used which treats infectious heat. The aim of this study is to analyze components of Deva-5 decoction by traditional methods. Deva- 5 is composed of Gentianadecumbens L., Terminalia Chebula Retz., Polygonium bistorta L., Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour) and Chiazospermum erectum Bernh.It has a cool power and dispels infectious heat andkills microbes. The main component of the decoctionis Gentiana decumbens L. Ithas a sweat taste and clears heat, kills microbes, and cures typhus. Medical practitioners of Mongolia, Tibet, and Tuva use Gentiana decumbens L.as a substitution to deva (sngo-de-ba).It has a bitter taste and a cool power. It also has antimicrobial and heat clearing effects. All components of Deva-5 decoction have a cool power and the decoction is compounded by power.

Traditional medicine describes common flu as excess of blood and bile heat combined with microbes which results infectious heat. Deva-5 is a decoction used which treats infectious heat. The aim of this study is to analyze components of Deva-5 decoction by traditional methods. Deva-5 is composed of Gentiana decumbens L., Terminalia Chebula Retz., Polygonium bistorta L., Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour) and Chiazospermum erectum Bernh. It has a cool power and dispels infectious heat and kills microbes. The main component of the decoction is Gentiana decumbens L. It has a sweat taste and clears heat, kills microbes, and cures typhus. The effects of water extract of Deva-5 on pathogenic bacteria including Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococus aureus, and Escherichia coli were examined. Plates of bacteria treated with Deva-5 at 6 different concentrations (1 -30 %) were incubated at 37°C for 24 h and then the diameter of the circle of bacterial growth was measured. Amoxicillin, nistatin, flukanosol, and ciprofloxacin were used as comparison. Acute and chronic toxicities of Deva-5 were determined in mice. Deva-5 was given orally to mice at doses of 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg for 28 days. In addition, therapeutic dose of Deva-5 was also determined in mice. Deva-5 inhibited growths of Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococus aureus at concentrations of 5 %, 10 %, 20 %, and 30 %. Deva-5 more effectively inhibited growth of Streptococcus pneumonia than that of Staphylococus aureus. Growth of Escherichia coli was not inhibited by Deva-5 treatment. The median lethal dose of (LD50) of Deva-5 was 6.89 g/kg. There were no difference between the control and Deva-5-treated groups in movements, hair color, food consumption, and the number of offspring of mice. No histopathological changes were observed in solid organs of animals treated with Deva-5. Therapeutic doses of Deva-5 were found to be 50-150 mg/kg. These results suggest that Deva-5 has antibacterial effects in vitro and it is safe in mice.