OBJECTIVETo study the association between the prevalence of overweight/obesity and copy number variations (CNVs) among Han, Uyghur, and Kazak children in Xinjiang, China.

METHODSThe kindergartens in Ili, Altay, and Karamay in Xinjiang were selected as research sites, and stratified cluster sampling was used to select the children aged 3-7 years. Body height and body weight were measured, and exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were collected. CNVplex® was used to measure the CNVs of FTO_1, IRX3_1, IRX3_2, MC4R_1, and MC4R_2.

RESULTSA total of 603 children were surveyed (307 boys and 296 girls). There were 261 Han children, 194 Uyghur children, and 148 Kazak children. The overweight/obesity rates in Han, Uyghur, and Kazak children were 28.3%, 10.3%, and 31.1%, respectively (P<0.001). In Kazak children, the CNVs of IRX3_1 and MC4R_2 were associated with overweight/obesity (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of overweight/obesity in Han and Kazak children was 3.443 times (95%CI: 2.016-5.880) and 3.924 times (95%CI: 2.199-7.001), respectively, that in Uyghur children. The CNV of IRX3_1 was a risk factor for overweight/obesity (P=0.028, OR=2.251, 95%CI: 1.418-5.651).

CONCLUSIONSThe CNV of IRX3_1 is associated with overweight/obesity in Han, Uyghur, and Kazak children, and the association between the CNV of IRX3_1 and overweight/obesity in Kazak children should be taken seriously.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; ethnology ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Female ; Homeodomain Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Obesity ; etiology ; genetics ; Overweight ; etiology ; genetics ; Risk Factors ; Transcription Factors ; genetics

Objective: To evaluate the association of family history with risk of major coronary events (MCE) and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods: After excluding participants with heart disease, stroke or cancer at baseline survey, a total of 485 784 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank, who had no missing data on critical variables, were included in the analysis. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the baseline characteristics. Results: During a median of 7.2 years of follow-up, we documented 3 934 incident cases of MCE and 24 537 cases of IHD. In multivariable-adjusted models, family history was significantly associated with risk of MCE and IHD. The adjusted HRs (95%CI) were 1.41 (1.19-1.65) and 1.25 (1.18-1.33), respectively. History of disease among siblings was more strongly associated with early-onset MCE than parental history (HR=2.97, 95%CI: 1.80-4.88). Moreover, the association of family history with MCE and IHD was stronger in persons who were overweight or obesive, and the association between family history and MEC was stronger in smokers. Conclusion: This large-scale, prospective study indicated that family history was an independent risk factor for MCE and IHD in China. The intervention targeting major known lifestyle risk factors and the management of chronic diseases should be strengthened for Chinese population, especially for the individuals with family history were at high risk.
Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; China/epidemiology* ; Coronary Disease/genetics* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Myocardial Ischemia/genetics* ; Overweight/ethnology* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Smoking/ethnology*

Objective: To study the prevalence and characteristics of overweight and obesity among Chinese children aged 0-5 years, in 2010-2013. Methods: Data was from the'China Nutrition and Health Surveillance-0-5-Years-Old Children and Lactating Women'project in 2013. Stratified multistage cluster sampling method was used to select 55 districts/counties from 30 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) with the sample size of children as 32 862. Definition of overweight and obesity were according to both the WHO 2006 growth standard in children less than 5-year-old and the WHO 2007 growth reference in children of 5-years-old. Results: were calculated by complex weight based on national census from the National Bureau of Statistics in 2010. Results The overall prevalence of overweight was 8.4% among the 0-5-year-old in 2013, with 9.4% in boys and 7.2% in girls. Both of the rates from urban and rural areas were the same, as 8.4%. The prevalence rates of overweight in the 0-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48- and 60-71 months age groups appeared as 13.0%, 11.1%, 8.3%, 6.0%, 4.8%, 3.9% and 15.9%, respectively. The rates of overweight in low, medium and high income families were 8.0%, 8.8% and 8.9%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was 3.1% among the 0-5-year-old, with 3.6% in boys and 2.5% in girls. There was no significant difference seen in urban (3.3%) and rural areas (2.9%). The prevalence rates for obesity in the 0-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48- and 60-71 months age groups were 5.8%, 3.8%, 2.5%, 1.6%, 1.2%, 1.3% and 7.8%, respectively. The rates of obesity in low, medium and high income families were 2.8%, 3.3% and 3.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence rates of both overweight and obesity were increasing among the 0-5-year-olds in China, suggesting that it is necessary to timely conduct the surveillance and intervention programs on overweight and obesity in this target population.
Adolescent ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Income ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lactation ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity/ethnology* ; Overweight/ethnology* ; Prevalence

Objective: To analyze the relationship between family-related factors and the status of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in China. Methods: Data were collected from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012 program. A sample of 6 343 subjects aged 6-17 years was selected, with matched weight, education levels, household income and other family related factors of their parents. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between family factors and overweight and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents. Results: After adjusted for age, gender and region, results from the multivariate logistic regression showed that both the overweight and obesity of children and adolescents were associated with maternal BMI (OR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.63-2.05), paternal BMI (OR=1.74, 95%CI: 1.57-1.94), mother's educational level (OR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.12-1.37) and household income (OR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.15-1.46). Conclusion: Factors as overweight or obesity status of the parents, mother's educational level and household income were positively correlated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents.
Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Family/psychology* ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity/psychology* ; Overweight/psychology* ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parents ; Pediatric Obesity/ethnology* ; Prevalence ; Schools

Objective: To analyze the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, and to provide scientific basis for the development of prevention strategies on obesity. Methods: Data was from children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2010-2012 program. In children aged 6 years, criteria of overweight and obesity were followed the WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. In children and adolescents aged 7-17 years, overweight and obesity were defined by sex and age specific BMI, recommended by Guidelines for prevention and control of overweight and obesity among school-age children and adolescents according to the Chinese guidelines. Results: The overall rates on overweight and obesity were 9.6% and 6.4% among the Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, with 11.0% (12.8% for boys and 9.0% for girls) in urban and 7.7% (boys 9.7%, girls 5.5%) in rural areas. The rates of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents were 8.4% (boys 9.3%, girls 7.4%) and 5.2% (boys 6.2%, girls 4.1%) in the rural areas. According to the levels of household income, the overweight rates of children in high, middle and low incomes were 12.3%, 10.7% and 8.2%, with obesity as 8.6%, 7.2% and 5.7% respectively. Conclusions: In 2012, the prevalence rates of overweight and obese were 9.6% and 6.4% among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, respectively, higher in urban than in rural areas and higher boys than in girls. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity seemed to be related to the levels of household income.
Adolescent ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity/ethnology* ; Overweight/ethnology* ; Prevalence

Objective: To examine the status and trends of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents aged 6-17 in Shenzhen between 2013 and 2017. Methods: Six primary schools, three junior high schools and three high schools were selected in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2017, through stratified cluster sampling method. Height and weight of the selected students were measured. Results: In total, 94 868 students were monitored from 2013 to 2017. The average prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 13.31% and 9.60%, respectively. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity appeared higher in boys (17.60% and 12.43%) than those in girls (10.27% and 5.93%). The prevalence of overweight was higher than obesity. Both prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were declining over the past five years. The maximal prevalence rates of overweight of boys and girls were from 10 to 12 and 13 to 15 years of age, while the obesity was from 6 to 9 years old, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were on the decline from 2013 to 2017, however, attention should be paid to the obesity problem in students.
Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity/ethnology* ; Overweight/ethnology* ; Prevalence ; Schools ; Students

Objective: To explore the effect of BMI and waist circumference on diabetes of adults. Methods: After excluding participants with heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes at baseline study, 53 916 people aged 30-79 in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study from Tongxiang city of Zhejiang province were recruited. Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazards ratios (HR) for the associations of baseline BMI and waist circumference with incident diabetes. Results: Among 391 512 person-years of the follow-up program between 2004 and 2013 (median 7.26 years), a total of 944 men and 1 643 women were diagnosed as having diabetes. Compared to those with normal weight, after adjusting for known or potential factors, HR of both overweight and obesity in men for incident diabetes appeared as 2.72 (95%CI: 2.47-2.99) and 6.27 (95%CI: 5.33-7.36), respectively. The corresponding figures in women were 2.19 (95%CI: 2.04-2.36) and 3.78 (95%CI: 3.36-4.26). Compared to those with normal waist circumference, after adjusting for known or potential factors, HR of Ⅰgrade andⅡgrade in men for diabetes were 2.56 (95%CI: 2.22-2.95) and 4.66 (95%CI: 4.14-5.24), respectively. The corresponding figures in women were 1.99 (95%CI: 1.80-2.21) and 3.16 (95%CI: 2.90-3.44), respectively. Conclusions: Overweight, obesity and central obesity were all associated with the increased incident of diabetes. Strategies on diabetes prevention should include not only losing weight, but reducing waist circumference as well.
Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus/ethnology* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology* ; Overweight/epidemiology* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference

Objective: To understand the association between central obesity, assessed by waist circumference, and the risks for ischemic heart disease (IHD), major coronary event (MCE), and IHD death. Methods: After excluding participants with heart disease, stroke, cancer, COPD, and diabetes at baseline survey, we included a total of 428 595 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank for the analysis. The baseline survey was conducted from June 2004 to July 2008. We used Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95%CI. Results: During an average 9.1 years of follow-up (3 803 637 person-years), we documented 26 900 incident cases of IHD, 4 320 cases of MCE, and 2 787 of deaths from IHD. After adjustment for possible confounders and BMI, central obesity was found to be associated with increased risks for IHD, MCE, and IHD death. The adjusted HRs (for the participants who had waist circumference of 85.0-89.9 cm in men and 80.0-84.9 cm in women were 1.13 (95%CI: 1.09-1.17) for IHD, 1.15 (95%CI: 1.05-1.26) for MCE and 1.11 (95%CI: 0.98-1.24) for IHD death. The respective HRs for those central obese participants (men ≥90.0 cm, women ≥85.0 cm) were 1.29 (95%CI: 1.24-1.34), 1.30 (95%CI: 1.17-1.44) and 1.32 (95%CI: 1.16-1.51). Further stratification analysis according to BMI showed that the risks for incident IHD, MCE, and IHD death increased along with the increase of waist circumference even in the participants with normal weight. Conclusion: This large-scale prospective study revealed that central obesity was an independent risk factor for IHD in adults in China, and the risk of IHD would increase with the increase of waist circumference.
Adult ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Heart Diseases/ethnology* ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology* ; Overweight/epidemiology* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference

OBJECTIVETo analyze the associations between birth weight and overweight/obesity among children.

METHODSA total of 8 267 twin pairs younger than 18 years old from the Chinese National Twin Registry were included in the study. Associations between birth weight, childhood BMI and overweight/obesity were explored by this co-twin control study.

RESULTSAfter adjusting for sex and zygosity, when birth weight had an increase of 0.5 kg per fold, the OR values for overweight and obesity were 1.87(95%CI: 1.40-2.48) for 2-6 year olds, 1.69 (95%CI: 1.16-2.46) for 6-12 year olds and 1.28 (95%CI: 0.80-2.07) for 12-18 year olds.

RESULTSfrom the stratified analysis in the 2-6 year-olds, statistically significant differences were seen. When birth weight increased 0.5 kg per fold, the risk of overweight and obesity increased by 0.87 times among the dizygotic twins, more than that of the monozygotic twins (OR=1.86, 95%CI:1.24-2.81). The risk for male twins was 1.12 times higher than that of female twins (OR=1.65, 95%CI:1.11-2.44).

CONCLUSIONSBirth weight seemed associated with overweight and obesity for kids at early childhood or at age for schools. However, guidance on the implementation of public health interventions is still needed on these children.

Adolescent ; Birth Weight ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; ethnology ; Overweight ; ethnology ; Registries ; Risk ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic

OBJECTIVETo study the nutrition habits among Chinese-Korean children and adolescents in Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin, China.

METHODSData were obtained from the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 for Chinese-Korean children and adolescents aged 7-18 years. The number of the subjects included was 4789, 4704, 5875, and 5315, respectively.

RESULTSThe rate of the occurrence of stunting showed a declining trend from 1995 to 2010 (for boys: urban, 6.3%; rural, 12.7% in 1995 and 3.5% for both in 2010. For girls: urban, 7.8%; rural, 13.4% in 1995 and 4.2% and 5.5%, respectively, in 2010). Although the ratio of wasting did not show significant differences between the urban and rural children and adolescents in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 respectively, the ratio of occurrence of overweight or obesity increased (for boys: urban, 7.3% and 1.3% in 1995, 17.6% and 12.9% in 2010; rural, 7.0% and 1.3% in 1995, 14.6% and 12.8% in 2010, respectively. For girls: urban, 8.1% and 1.0% in 1995, 17.3% and 8.6% in 2010; rural 5.7% and 0.7% in 1995, 16.4% and 7.4% in 2010, respectively).

CONCLUSIONThe ratio of malnutrition in children and adolescents in Chinese-Korean areas declined from 1995 to 2010, and the distinction in malnutrition between the urban and rural areas was negligible in 2010. Further, the ratio of overweight and obesity increased over this period.

Adolescent ; Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; China ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Female ; Growth Disorders ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Overweight ; epidemiology