Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) that causes oral mucosal tissue sclerosis, and even cancer transformation, is a chronic, progressive fibrosis disease. However, despite some advancements in recent years, no targeted antifibrotic strategies for OSF have been approved; likely because the complicated mechanisms that initiate and drive fibrosis remain to be determined. In this review, we briefly introduce the epidemiology and etiology of OSF. Then, we highlight how cell-intrinsic changes in significant structural cells can drive fibrotic response by regulating biological behaviors, secretion function, and activation of ECM-producing myofibroblasts. In addition, we also discuss the role of innate and adaptive immune cells and how they contribute to the pathogenesis of OSF. Finally, we summarize strategies to interrupt key mechanisms that cause OSF, including modulation of the ECM, inhibition of inflammation, improvement of vascular disturbance. This review will provide potential routes for developing novel anti-OSF therapeutics.
Humans ; Oral Submucous Fibrosis/immunology* ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism* ; Myofibroblasts

BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cel s are multipotent progenitor cel s that can be isolated from the bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood and so on. Mesenchymal stem cel s possess strong immunosuppressive effects on both innate and adaptive immunity.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cel s for T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural kil er cel s and dentritic cel s and prospect its therapeutic implication.
METHODS:PubMed and CNKI databases were searched for relevant literatures published from 2000 to 2015. The key words were“mesenchymal stem cel s, immunomodulator, T cel s, B cel s, NK cel s, dendriticc cel s”in Chinese and English, respectively. Then, 61 papers were included and further analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The immunomodulatory effects of MSCs on lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural kil er cel s and dentritic cel s were elicited by cel-cel contact and soluble cytokines. But mesenchymal stem cel s from different sources hold different immunomodulatory effect on immune cel s. When we use mesenchymal stem cel s in clinic, some important factors, such as isolation methods, cel sources, colonization sites, should be taken into account. In order to ensure the clinical safety and effectiveness, there are stil many problems to be further studied before mesenchymal stem cel s can be widely used in clinic.

Objective To investigate treatment and related prognostic factors of tongue carcinoma .Methods Clinical and patho-logical parameters of 1 171 cases of tongue carcinoma treated in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ,School of Stomatolo-gy ,Harbin Medical University and Central South University from 2001 to 2007 were retrospective analyzed ,which included age , gender ,location ,pathological grade ,clinical TNM stages ,and treatment modality .Results After 3 to 5 year of follow-up ,survival rate of patients with tongue body carcinoma was obviously higher than that on the base of tongue .High clinical stage ,low cell dif-ferentiation degree of the postoperative patients had lower survival rate .The prognosis of patients with positive surgical margins and positive lymph node metastasis was poorer .The survival rate had no correlation with excision of mandible .When the tongue was re-stored with flaps ,the safety margins were increased to reduce recurrence .Conclusion Clinical TNM stages and surgical margin are independent prognostic factors for tongue cancer .Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to increase the survival rate of patients .