ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) activity of luteolin and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. MethodsLuteolin was identified as the primary active compound from the polyphenol extract ofF. diotrys using network pharmacology. Its efficacy was evaluated against two MP strains: the standard strain M129 and the multidrug-resistant strain M19. A modified culture medium with visual characteristics was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of luteolin. The expression of key proteins involved in MP growth and pathogenicity was assessed by qRT-PCR following luteolin treatment. Additionally, the viability of A549 cells infected with MP was compared between luteolin-treated and untreated groups. In vivo anti-MP activity was evaluated using a mouse model, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissues was analyzed. ResultsLuteolin effectively inhibited both MP strains, with MIC₉₀ values of 100 mg/L for M19 and M129. Treatment with luteolin significantly downregulated the expression of adhesion proteins P1 and P30 in both strains. However, the expression of P65, HMW3, TrmB, and CARDS TX was reduced only in the M19 strain following luteolin intervention. Luteolin also enhanced the growth and viability of A549 cells infected with MP. In the mouse model, luteolin treatment resulted in steady weight gain and was well tolerated. The bacteriostatic rate of luteolin in lung tissues was 50.7%, significantly higher than the 25.2% observed in the roxithromycin group. Furthermore, luteolin reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, including IL-6, TNF-α, and HMGB1, in MP-infected mice. ConclusionLuteolin effectively and safely inhibits the proliferation and pathogenicity of MP, particularly the drug-resistant M19 strain, by downregulating the expression of toxicity-associated proteins (P1, P30, P65, HMW3, TrmB, CARDS TX) and modulating host inflammatory responses. These findings suggest that luteolin may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for treating MP infections, especially those caused by drug-resistant strains.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) activity of luteolin and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. MethodsLuteolin was identified as the primary active compound from the polyphenol extract ofF. diotrys using network pharmacology. Its efficacy was evaluated against two MP strains: the standard strain M129 and the multidrug-resistant strain M19. A modified culture medium with visual characteristics was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of luteolin. The expression of key proteins involved in MP growth and pathogenicity was assessed by qRT-PCR following luteolin treatment. Additionally, the viability of A549 cells infected with MP was compared between luteolin-treated and untreated groups. In vivo anti-MP activity was evaluated using a mouse model, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissues was analyzed. ResultsLuteolin effectively inhibited both MP strains, with MIC₉₀ values of 100 mg/L for M19 and M129. Treatment with luteolin significantly downregulated the expression of adhesion proteins P1 and P30 in both strains. However, the expression of P65, HMW3, TrmB, and CARDS TX was reduced only in the M19 strain following luteolin intervention. Luteolin also enhanced the growth and viability of A549 cells infected with MP. In the mouse model, luteolin treatment resulted in steady weight gain and was well tolerated. The bacteriostatic rate of luteolin in lung tissues was 50.7%, significantly higher than the 25.2% observed in the roxithromycin group. Furthermore, luteolin reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, including IL-6, TNF-α, and HMGB1, in MP-infected mice. ConclusionLuteolin effectively and safely inhibits the proliferation and pathogenicity of MP, particularly the drug-resistant M19 strain, by downregulating the expression of toxicity-associated proteins (P1, P30, P65, HMW3, TrmB, CARDS TX) and modulating host inflammatory responses. These findings suggest that luteolin may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for treating MP infections, especially those caused by drug-resistant strains.

ObjectiveTo analyze the microbial culture positivity rate， pathogen spectrum， prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms （MDROs）， and differences among donor procurement sources in corneas from the Eye Bank of Guangdong Province， and to provide evidence for eye bank quality control and the prevention of post-keratoplasty infections. MethodsThis retrospective study included 7 442 donor corneas procured by the Eye Bank of Guangdong Province and used for keratoplasty at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center， Sun Yat-sen University， between 2018 and 2025. During surgery， donor corneoscleral rim tissue was excised for bacterial and fungal culture. Culture-positive specimens underwent microbial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing （AST）. Culture-positive corneas were compared across study years， pathogen categories， and donor procurement sources. ResultsOf the 7 442 donor corneas， 251 were culture-positive， corresponding to an overall culture positivity rate of 3.37%， with annual rates ranging from 1.50% to 5.31%. Among culture-positive corneas， 178 （70.92%） yielded bacteria alone， 72 （28.68%） yielded fungi alone， and 1 （0.40%） yielded both bacteria and fungi. Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. were the predominant fungal isolates. Gram-negative bacteria were more frequently isolated than Gram-positive bacteria. The most common bacterial isolates were Acinetobacter baumannii， Staphylococcus epidermidis， Stenotrophomonas maltophilia， Enterococcus faecium， and Pseudomonas fluorescens. MDROs accounted for 75.47% of bacterial isolates， predominantly Acinetobacter baumannii， Staphylococcus epidermidis， and Enterococcus faecium， and demonstrated an increasing trend over the study period. Donor corneas procured through the Hospital Cornea Retrieval Program （HCRP） had a higher culture positivity rate than those obtained through Organ Procurement Organization （OPO） （P＜0.000 1）. Among culture-positive donor corneas， the proportion of fungal culture-positive corneas was significantly higher in the HCRP group than in the OPO group （P=0.001 5）， whereas the proportion of MDROs among bacterial culture-positive corneas was significantly higher in the OPO group than that in the HCRP group （P=0.005 2）. ConclusionsThe overall culture positivity rate of donor corneas from the Eye Bank of Guangdong Province is relatively low， indicating that the risk of microbial contamination is controlled. However， pathogen profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns varies by procurement source. Ongoing microbiological and antimicrobial resistance surveillance， together with optimized donor risk assessment and timely reporting of culture results， may further improve eye bank quality management and help inform strategies for preventing post-keratoplasty infections.

ObjectiveTo analyze the microbial culture positivity rate， pathogen spectrum， prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms （MDROs）， and differences among donor procurement sources in corneas from the Eye Bank of Guangdong Province， and to provide evidence for eye bank quality control and the prevention of post-keratoplasty infections. MethodsThis retrospective study included 7 442 donor corneas procured by the Eye Bank of Guangdong Province and used for keratoplasty at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center， Sun Yat-sen University， between 2018 and 2025. During surgery， donor corneoscleral rim tissue was excised for bacterial and fungal culture. Culture-positive specimens underwent microbial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing （AST）. Culture-positive corneas were compared across study years， pathogen categories， and donor procurement sources. ResultsOf the 7 442 donor corneas， 251 were culture-positive， corresponding to an overall culture positivity rate of 3.37%， with annual rates ranging from 1.50% to 5.31%. Among culture-positive corneas， 178 （70.92%） yielded bacteria alone， 72 （28.68%） yielded fungi alone， and 1 （0.40%） yielded both bacteria and fungi. Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. were the predominant fungal isolates. Gram-negative bacteria were more frequently isolated than Gram-positive bacteria. The most common bacterial isolates were Acinetobacter baumannii， Staphylococcus epidermidis， Stenotrophomonas maltophilia， Enterococcus faecium， and Pseudomonas fluorescens. MDROs accounted for 75.47% of bacterial isolates， predominantly Acinetobacter baumannii， Staphylococcus epidermidis， and Enterococcus faecium， and demonstrated an increasing trend over the study period. Donor corneas procured through the Hospital Cornea Retrieval Program （HCRP） had a higher culture positivity rate than those obtained through Organ Procurement Organization （OPO） （P＜0.000 1）. Among culture-positive donor corneas， the proportion of fungal culture-positive corneas was significantly higher in the HCRP group than in the OPO group （P=0.001 5）， whereas the proportion of MDROs among bacterial culture-positive corneas was significantly higher in the OPO group than that in the HCRP group （P=0.005 2）. ConclusionsThe overall culture positivity rate of donor corneas from the Eye Bank of Guangdong Province is relatively low， indicating that the risk of microbial contamination is controlled. However， pathogen profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns varies by procurement source. Ongoing microbiological and antimicrobial resistance surveillance， together with optimized donor risk assessment and timely reporting of culture results， may further improve eye bank quality management and help inform strategies for preventing post-keratoplasty infections.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Guben Fangxiao decoction-containing serum on the expression of transcription factors and cytokines associated with calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP）， γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA）， and type Ⅱ innate lymphoid cells （ILC2） in human bronchial epithelial cells （BEAS-2B） stimulated with interleukin-4 （IL-4） combined with interleukin-13 （IL-13）， and explore the possible mechanism of Guben Fangxiao decoction-containing serum in alleviating type Ⅱ inflammation of bronchial epithelial cells. MethodsBEAS-2B cells stimulated with IL-4 combined with IL-13 were treated with the sera containing high （20%）， medium （15%）， and low （10%） doses of Guben Fangxiao decoction and the montelukast-containing serum （10%）. Real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA levels of CGRP， GABA， mucin 5AC （MUC5AC）， thymic stromal lymphopoietin （TSLP）， interleukin （IL）-25， IL-33， IL-5， GATA-binding protein 3 （GATA3）， and B cell lymphoma/leukemia 11B （Bcl-11B） in each group. Western blot was employed to determine the relative protein levels of CGRP and MUC5AC. The immunofluorescence assay was employed to observe the relative expression of CGRP and GABA in the cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify the protein levels of IL-33， MUC5AC， and IL-5 in the culture and cell supernatants. Periodic acid-Schiff staining was performed to assess mucin secretion. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed up-regulated mRNA levels of CGRP， GABA， MUC5AC， TSLP， IL-25， and IL-33 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the Guben Fangxiao decoction-containing serum down-regulated the mRNA levels of CGRP， GABA， MUC5AC， IL-5， GATA3， and Bcl-11B （P<0.05， P<0.01） in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed up-regulated protein levels of CGRP， GABA， MUC5AC， IL-33， and IL-5 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， which were down-regulated by the Guben Fangxiao decoction-containing serum （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed enhanced average fluorescence intensity of CGRP and GABA （P<0.01）， which was weakened by the Guben Fangxiao decoction-containing serum （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased secretion of mucin， which was reduced by the Guben Fangxiao decoction-containing serum. ConclusionGuben Fangxiao decoction can treat bronchial asthma by alleviating type Ⅱ immune airway inflammation and reducing airway mucus secretion， which is achieved by regulating the expression of CGRP， GABA， MUC5AC， and ILC2-related transcription factors.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a global public health concern characterized by repeated upper airway collapse during sleep. Research indicates that OSA is a risk factor for the development of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, respiratory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles released by most cell types, play a key role in intercellular communication by transporting their contents-such as microRNA, messenger RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids-to target cells. Intermittent hypoxia associated with OSA alters circulating exosomes and promotes a range of cellular structural and functional disturbances involved in the pathogenesis of OSA-related diseases. This review discusses the potential roles of exosomes and exosome-derived molecules in the onset and progression of OSA-associated diseases, explores the possible underlying mechanisms, and highlights novel strategies for developing exosome-based therapies for these conditions.
Humans ; Exosomes/physiology* ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/metabolism* ; Animals ; MicroRNAs/metabolism*

BACKGROUND: China is seeing a growing demand for rehabilitation treatments for post-stroke upper limb spastic paresis (PSSP-UL). Although acupuncture is known to be effective for PSSP-UL, there is room to enhance its efficacy. OBJECTIVE: This study explored a semi-personalized acupuncture approach for PSSP-UL that used three-dimensional kinematic analysis (3DKA) results to select additional acupoints, and investigated the feasibility, efficacy and safety of this approach. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS: This single-blind, single-center, randomized, controlled trial involved 74 participants who experienced a first-ever ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke with spastic upper limb paresis. The participants were then randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group in a 1:1 ratio. Both groups received conventional treatments and acupuncture treatment 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The main acupoints in both groups were the same, while participants in the intervention group received additional acupoints selected on the basis of 3DKA results. Follow-up assessments were conducted for 8 weeks after the treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) response rate (≥ 6-point change) at week 4. Secondary outcomes included changes in motor function (FMA-UE), Brunnstrom recovery stage (BRS), manual muscle test (MMT), spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale, MAS), and activities of daily life (Modified Barthel Index, MBI) at week 4 and week 12. RESULTS: Sixty-four participants completed the trial and underwent analyses. Compared with control group, the intervention group exhibited a significantly higher FMA-UE response rate at week 4 (χ² = 5.479, P = 0.019) and greater improvements in FMA-UE at both week 4 and week 12 (both P < 0.001). The intervention group also showed bigger improvements from baseline in the MMT grades for shoulder adduction and elbow flexion at weeks 4 and 12 as well as thumb adduction at week 4 (P = 0.007, P = 0.049, P = 0.019, P = 0.008, P = 0.029, respectively). The intervention group showed a better change in the MBI at both week 4 and week 12 (P = 0.004 and P = 0.010, respectively). Although the intervention group had a higher BRS for the hand at week 12 (P = 0.041), no intergroup differences were observed at week 4 (all P > 0.05). The two groups showed no differences in MAS grades as well as in BRS for the arm at weeks 4 and 12 (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Semi-personalized acupuncture prescription based on 3DKA results significantly improved motor function, muscle strength, and activities of daily living in patients with PSSP-UL. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200056216. Please cite this article as: Huang XY, Liao OP, Jiang SY, Tao JM, Li Y, Lu XY, Li YY, Wang C, Li J, Ma XP. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis can improve the efficacy of acupoint selection for post-stroke patients with upper limb spastic paresis: A randomized controlled trial. J Integr Med. 2025; 23(1): 15-24.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Acupuncture Points ; Upper Extremity/physiopathology* ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Single-Blind Method ; Aged ; Stroke/therapy* ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Stroke Rehabilitation/methods* ; Adult ; Muscle Spasticity/therapy* ; Paresis/physiopathology* ; Treatment Outcome

Several imaging examination means for the military training-related injuries at the knee joint were introduced in terms of the research progress,advantages and limitations,including X-ray examination,multi-slice spiral CT,ultrasound examination and MRI.It's pointed out the progress of imaging devices and image post-processing techniques and the involvement of AI diagnosis contributed to the development of the imaging diagnoses of the military training-related injuries at the knee joint.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(1):101-107]

Objective To explore the impact of admission modes on the reperfusion time and short-term prognosis of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).Methods 497 patients who visited the Chest Pain Center of Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2023 to November 2024 and were diagnosed with STEMI were included.All patients received direct percutaneous coronary intervention.According to admission modes,the patients were divided into the self-referral group(122 cases),emergency medical service group(EMS)(51 cases)and transfer PCI group(324 cases).The basic characteristics,reperfusion time,complications between group were compared.Results The age of the patients in this study was(58.64±13.62)years old,and there were 423 male cases(85.11%).Compared with the self-referral group and the EMS group,the time of door-wire in transfer PCI group was shorter[35(29,45)min vs.43(35,53)min vs.43(33,48)min,P＜0.001],but the time of first medical contact-wire was longer[123(80,192)min vs.43(35,52)min vs.57(51,76)min,P＜0.001].Compared with the self-referral group and the transfer PCI group,the time of symptom-to-first medical contact and the time of symptom-to-wire in EMS group were both shorter,which were[55(32,136)min vs.185(116,360)min vs.120(60,236)min,P＜0.001]and[136(101,188)min vs.228(169,413)min vs.282(190,400)min,P＜0.001].The incidence of infections in the transfer PCI group was lower than that in the self-referral group(12.65%vs.22.95%,P＜0.05).Conclusions To comprehensively enhance the treatment effect,it is necessary to prioritize the promotion and continuous optimization of the response process of EMS,simultaneously strengthen the standardized collaboration of referral,and enhance the identification ability of STEMI through public education to reduce the delay of self-referral patients..

Objective:To implement an overview of systematic reviews on the effects of brain-computer interface training on upper limb functional rehabilitation in stroke patients.Methods:The systematic review/Meta-analysis of the effect of brain-computer interface training on upper limb functional rehabilitation in stroke patients was electronically retrieved in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Embase, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP and China Biology Medicine disc. The search period was from database establishment to November 2024. Two researchers independently performed literature screening and data extraction and evaluated the quality of methodology, reporting, and evidence.Results:A total of 14 systematic reviews/Meta-analyses were included. The results showed that brain-computer interface training helped to improve upper limb motor function, muscle strength and activities of daily living in stroke patients, but the rehabilitative effect on muscle spasm needed to be further confirmed.Conclusions:Brain-computer interface training helps to improve upper limb motor function, muscle strength and activities of daily living in stroke patients. However, the methodological quality and reporting quality of the current studies are poor, and there is still a need for high-quality studies with rigorous design and standardized process to provide reference for clinical practice.