Bisphosphonates(BP),a class of commonly used medications for treating osteoporosis and bone malignancies,significantly affect bone metabolism.When dental implants are placed in patients receiving BP,the potential impacts of BP on the formation and long-term maintenance of implant osseointegration cannot be ignored.In addition,the influence of dental implants on the occurrence of BP-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is garnering attention.This article explores the influences of BP on the stability of dental implants based on a review of previous animal and clinical studies,discusses the impact of dental implants on the occurrence of BP-related osteonecrosis of the jaw,and proposes suggestions for the dental implant treatment of patients taking BP in clinical practice.This review is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the related research and clinical treatment.
Humans ; Dental Implants ; Animals ; Diphosphonates/pharmacology* ; Osseointegration/drug effects* ; Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of low-magnitude, high-frequency (LMHF) loading, and anti-osteoporosis medications such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bisphosphonates on peri-implant bone healing in an osteoporosis model, and to assess their combined effects on these processes. Thirteen-week-old ovariectomized rats (n = 44) were divided into three groups: PTH, alendronate, and saline. After 3 weeks of drug administration, titanium implants were inserted into the tibiae. Each group was subdivided into two groups: with or without LMHF loading via whole-body vibration (50 Hz at 0.5 g, 15 min per day, 5 days per week). Rats were killed 4 weeks following implantation. Removal torque test, micro-CT analyses (relative gray (RG) value, water = 0, and implant = 100), and histomorphometric analyses (bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and peri-implant bone formation (bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV))) were performed. Removal torque values and BIC were significantly differed by loading and drug administration (ANOVA). Post hoc analysis showed that PTH-treated groups were significantly higher than the other drug-treated groups. BV/TV was significantly enhanced by PTH administration. In cortical bone, RG values were significantly increased by loading. In trabecular bone, however, RG values were significantly increased by PTH administration. These findings suggest that LMHF loading and PTH can act locally and additively on the bone healing process, improving the condition of implant osseointegration.
Alendronate ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; methods ; Dental Implants ; Female ; Implants, Experimental ; Osseointegration ; drug effects ; Ovariectomy ; Parathyroid Hormone ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Tibia ; surgery ; Vibration ; Wound Healing ; drug effects

Animals ; Catalysis ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Osseointegration ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Photochemical Processes ; Surface Properties ; radiation effects ; Time Factors ; Titanium ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; radiation effects ; Ultraviolet Rays

In order to solve the problesm in biological sealing of load-bearing percutaneous implants for a fairly long time, we investigated titanium with bioactivated anodic oxidized surface(group A) through the animal tests in vivo and the epithelium cell culture in vitro. Smooth Ti (group B) was used as control. The animal tests results showed that there was no evident difference in the inflammory reaction between the group A implant tissues and the group B implant/tissues. The bioactivated Ti surface could keep the implant not only bonding with the bone firmly but also adhering to the soft tissue closely, thus contributing to the formation of calcium phosphate layer and its micropores. The cell culture results also demonstrated that the microporous surface of group A could clasp and fix the skin. So, it can be concluded that the surface modified method of anode oxidization may be one of the most effective methods to resolve the problem of durable biological sealing.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Cells, Cultured ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; Materials Testing ; Osseointegration ; Prostheses and Implants ; Tibia ; surgery ; Titanium ; chemistry

Bone formation on hydroxyapatite (HA) coating in the presence of gaps is important for clinical application. Pure Ti and hydroxyapatite coated by plasma sprayed samples were implanted in dog respectively. The implants were surrounded by gaps of 2 mm, and the follow-up period was 12 weeks. Histological examination and histomorphometry revealed that gaps could be bridged by bone provided the hydroxyapatite coating was applied, and that pure Ti implants were surrounded by fibrous tissue with no bone contact at all.
Animals ; Bone Substitutes ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; pharmacology ; Dogs ; Femur ; injuries ; surgery ; Hydroxyapatites ; pharmacology ; Implants, Experimental ; Male ; Osseointegration ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects ; Titanium

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHA/collagen) composite as a graft extender and enhancer when combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on lumbar intertransverse fusion in rabbits.

METHODSSixty-four adult female New Zealand white rabbits, aged 1 year and weighing 3.5-4.5 kg, underwent similar posterolateral intertransverse process arthrodesis and were randomly divided into 4 groups based on different grafts: autogenous cancellous bone alone (ACB group), nHA/collagen alone (HAC group), half autogenous cancellous bone and half nHA/collagen (ACB+HAC group) and nHA/collagen combined with rhBMP-2 (HAC+BMP group). The fusion masses were analyzed by manual palpation, radiography, biomechanical testing and histological examination.

RESULTSFusion was observed in 4 cases in the 6th week and in 5 cases in the 10th week after surgery in ACB group. No case showed fusion in HAC group. In ACB+HAC group, there was fusion in 3 cases in the 6th week and in 4 cases in the 10th week after surgery. In HAC+BMP group, fusion in 1 case was found in the 4th week, in 5 cases in the 6th week and in 6 cases in the 10th week after surgery. It suggested that ACB, ACB+HAC and HAC+BMP groups showed similar fusion ratio and mechanical strength in the 6th and 10th week after surgery. According to the microstructure analysis of the samples, nHA/collagen had no negative effect when implanted together with ilium autograft. In HAC+BMP group, new bone-like tissue was observed in the 2nd week postoperatively, and nearly all of the implanted composites were replaced by mature bone matrix and new bones in 10th week postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONSThe nHA/collagen, especially combined with rhBMP-2, is a promising bone substitute, for it has quick biodegradation, fine bone-bending ability, and high osteoconductivity on posterolateral spinal fusion in rabbits.

Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Durapatite ; pharmacology ; Female ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; drug effects ; surgery ; Osseointegration ; drug effects ; Probability ; Rabbits ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Tensile Strength ; Transforming Growth Factor beta

The distribution and function of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in the region of bone defect repaired by collagen/nano-beta-tricalcium phosphate composite artificial bone (Co/N-TCP) and the ability of Co/N-TCP recruiting osteoblasts to precipitate the repair of bone defect were investigated. Twenty-four domestic rabbits were operated on bilateral cranial bone to create an experimental bone defect of 8.0 mm in diameter through the whole bone. On the left, Co/N-TCP was implanted as experimental group, but on the right, Co/TCP was implanted as control group. At 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th week after operation, all animals were sacrificed and the implanted materials with surrounding bone were taken out. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for TGF-beta assay by avidin-biotin complex method (SABC). Simultaneously, TGF-beta was quantitatively analyzed by HPIAS-1000 imaging analysis system. The immunohistochemical staining for TGF-beta revealed that osteoblasts and immature osteocytes highly expressed TGF-beta. Diffused TGF-beta positive staining particles appeared in the mesenchymal and fibrous-tissue. There was no significant difference in the TGF-beta positive staining between two groups in the medial region to original osseous beds at different time points (P > 0.05). However, in distal original osseous bed of the defected region, the positive expression of TGF-beta in the Co/N-TCP group was significantly stronger than in the control group (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The Co/N-TCP has good bioactivities and ability of stimulating and conducting TGF-beta to aggregate and precipitate the healing of bone defect.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; therapeutic use ; Calcium Phosphates ; Ceramics ; Collagen ; Fracture Healing ; Implants, Experimental ; Nanotechnology ; Osseointegration ; drug effects ; Osteogenesis ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Skull Fractures ; metabolism ; surgery ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; analysis ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to observe the behavior of bone formation around the titanium-hollow porous cylinder implant composed of bovine bone morphogentic protein(bBMP).

METHODSPorous-hollow cylinder titanium implant composed of bBMP was implanted into mandibule of dogs. Multiple fluorescent was labeled at different times and then LSCM was used to observe the newly formed bone around the complex implant.

RESULTSThe newly formed bone around the complex implant in experimental group was more obvious than that in other groups.

CONCLUSIONEarlier, longer and more new-bone formation can be induced by porous-hollow cylinder titanium implant composed of bBMP, and LSCM is an effective method to observe new bone formation around implant.

Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; pharmacology ; Cattle ; Dogs ; Female ; Implants, Experimental ; Male ; Mandible ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Osseointegration ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects ; Porosity ; Random Allocation ; Titanium

OBJECTIVETo explore the preparative method and study the degradation characteristics of bone repair composite of DL-polylactic acid (PDLLA)/hydroxyapatite(HA)/decalcifying bone matrix (DBM) in vitro.

METHODSAn emulsion blend method was developed to prepare the composite of PDLLA/HA/DBM in weight ratio of PDLLA:HA:DBM = 1.5-2:1-1.5:1. The dynamic changes of weight, biomechanical property and pH value of PDLLA/HA/DBM and PDLLA in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) were studied respectively through degradation tests in vitro.

RESULTSWithout being heated, PDLLA, HA and DBM could be synthesized with the emulsion blend method as bone composite of PDLLA/HA/DBM, which had both osteoconductive and osteoinductive effects. The diameter of the aperture was 100-400 microm and the gap rate was 71.3%. During degradation, the pH value of PDLLA solution decreased lightly within 2 weeks, but decreased obviously at the end of 4 weeks and the value was 4.0. While the pH value of PDLLA/HA/DBM kept quite steady and was 6.4 at the end of 12 weeks. The weight of PDLLA changed little within 4 weeks, then changed obviously and was 50% of its initial weight at the end of 12 weeks. While the weight of PDLLA/HA/DBM changed little within 5 weeks, then changed obviously and was 60% of the initial weight at the end of 12 weeks. The initial biomechanical strength of PDLLA was 1.33 MPa, decreased little within 3 weeks, then changed obviously and kept at 0.11 MPa at the end of 12 weeks. The initial biomechanical strength of PDLLA/HA/DBM was 1.7 MPa, decreased little within 4 weeks, then changed obviously and kept at 0.21 MPa at the end of 12 weeks.

CONCLUSIONSThe emulsion blend method is a new method to prepare bone repair materials. As a new bone repair material, PDLLA/HA/DBM is more suitable for regeneration and cell implantation, and the environment during its degradation is advantageous to the growth of bone cells.

Biocompatible Materials ; Biopolymers ; Bone Density ; physiology ; Bone Matrix ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Bone Substitutes ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; physiology ; Durapatite ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Fracture Healing ; physiology ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Materials Testing ; Osseointegration ; physiology ; Polyesters ; Polymers ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tensile Strength