Purpose: Urodynamic studies (UDS) are the gold standard for evaluating pediatric lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). However, previous studies have shown that the interpretation of cystometric findings may vary according to the observer’s level of experience and the criteria used for evaluation. This study aimed to investigate interobserver differences in the reporting of cystometric parameters in children with spina bifida. Methods: Patients who underwent UDS between 2020 and 2025 for neurogenic LUTD secondary to spina bifida were retrospectively reviewed. Studies that did not reach 80% agreement for compliance with good urodynamic practice standards were excluded. Detrusor overactivity (DOA) and bladder compliance were independently evaluated by 4 pediatric urologists and 3 urologists experienced in neuro-urology. Agreement was assessed using Fleiss’ kappa test. Results: A total of 100 children, including 53 females and 47 males, were included; the median age was 6.5 (range, 1–17) years. Agreement of at least 80% was reached in 86% of evaluations for DOA and 82% of evaluations for compliance. Based on the ratings of 7 observers, the Fleiss’ kappa value was 0.60 for DOA, indicating moderate agreement, and 0.46 for bladder compliance, indicating weak agreement. Conclusions This study demonstrated substantial interobserver variation in the interpretation of UDS, even among experienced centers and observers. Because UDS are essential for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with spina bifida, standardized criteria are needed to improve interobserver consistency in this patient group. Multicenter prospective studies involving observers with varying levels of experience are warranted to improve concordance in UDS reporting.

In this study, the effects of chronically administered aluminum on iron metabolism-related parameters of liver and blood of mice were investigated. An additional purpose to determine how chronic aluminum administration together with vitamin E as an antioxidant to mice changed the parameters related to iron metabolism. For these purposes, we used 21 adult female Balb-c mice in this study. The animals were divided into three groups: one group with aluminum administered chronically, another group with aluminum plus vitamin E administered chronically, and the control group. Serum levels of hemoglobin, ferritin, iron, transferrin, hematocrit, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), as well as percentage of transferrin saturation were determined in all groups. In addition, the liver tissue levels of ferritin and iron were analyzed. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels of the aluminum group and aluminum plus vitamin E group were significantly decreased compared to the control. In conclusion, no changes occurred in the serum iron related parameters although Al induced anemia in mice when Al administered chronically. There was an increase in the levels of liver iron and ferritin with Al, but Vit E had no effect on the changes of all blood and liver parameters caused by Al.
Aluminum/*pharmacology ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/blood/*chemically induced/prevention & control ; Animals ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Female ; Ferritin/metabolism ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobins ; Iron/*blood ; Liver/*drug effects/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Vitamin E/pharmacology