BACKGROUND: Hospitalization in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) exposes preterm infants to adverse stimuli, including continuous 24-hour lighting. There is currently no standardized NICU layout advised for the best development of preterm neonates. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of cycled light (CL) exposure on clinical outcomes in premature infants admitted to NICU as synthesized in previous studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This meta-analysis protocol was developed following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. A search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases using the MeSH/key words: ―light exposure‖ AND pre-term AND cycled AND (RCT OR trials OR ―randomized controlled trial). The pooled Mean Difference with corresponding 95% CI was computed for weight gain, duration until start of enteral feeding, and duration of ICU stay using the Mantel–Haenszel random-effect model. RESULTS: Nine studies were included. The pooled mean difference showed that among preterm infants who had cycled light exposure, average daily weight gain (MD=6.24 grams, 95%CI=1.36 to 11.13, p=0.01) was significantly higher than those with continuous light exposure. The average time to start enteral feeding (MD=-3.84 days, 95%CI=-7.56 to -0.13, p=0.04) and average ICU stay (MD=-8.43 days, 95%CI=-12.54 to -4.31, p<0.0001) among neonates who had cycled light exposure were significantly shorter. CONCLUSION Benefits were seen in preterm infants when exposed to cycled light as opposed to continuous light. CL exposed infants showed a daily weight gain that was 6.24 grams higher, on average, and began enteral feeding nearly 4 days sooner. It led to a decrease in the duration of ICU stay by around 8 to 9 days on average. Further trials to determine the impact of cycled light exposure on morbidity and mortality among preterm neonates is recommended.
Human ; Male,Female ; Systematic review ; Meta-analysis ; Infant, Premature ; Intensive care units, Neonatal ; Intensive care, Neonatal ; Light ; Lighting ; Critical care

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application of high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound (HFCDU) in detecting perforators in the deep adipose layers for harvesting super-thin anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF). METHODS: Between August 2019 and January 2023, 45 patients (46 sides) with skin and soft tissue defects in the foot and ankle were treated, including 29 males and 16 females, aged from 22 to 62 years, with an average of 46.7 years. The body mass index ranged from 19.6 to 36.2 kg/m ², with an average of 23.62 kg/m ². The causes of injury included traffic accident injury in 15 cases, heavy object crush injury in 20 cases, mechanical injury in 8 cases, heat crush injury in 1 case, and chronic infection in 1 case. There were 20 cases on the left side, 24 cases on the right side, and 1 case on both sides. After thorough debridement, the wound size ranged from 5 cm×4 cm to 17 cm×11 cm. All patients underwent free super-thin ALTF transplantation repair. HFCDU was used to detect the location of the perforators piercing the deep and superficial fascia, as well as the direction and branches of the perforators within the deep adipose layers before operation. According to the preoperative HFCDU findings, the dimensions of the super-thin ALTF ranged from 6 cm×4 cm to 18 cm×12 cm. The donor sites of the flaps were directly sutured. RESULTS: A total of 55 perforators were detected by HFCDU before operation, but 1 was not found during operation. During operation, a total of 56 perforators were found, and 2 perforators were not detected by HFCDU. The positive predictive value of HFCDU for identifying perforator vessels was 98.2%, and the sensitivity was 96.4%. Among the 54 perforators accurately located by HFCDU, the orientation of the perforators in the deep adipose layers was confirmed during operation. There were 21 perforators (38.9%) traveled laterally and inferiorly, 12 (22.2%) traveled medially and inferiorly, 14 (25.9%) traveled laterally and superiorly, 5 (9.3%) traveled medially and superiorly, and 2 (3.7%) ran almost vertically to the body surface. Among the 54 perforators accurately located by HFCDU, 35 were identified as type 1 perforators and 12 as type 2 perforators (HFCDU misidentified 7 type 2 perforators as type 1 perforators). The sensitivity of HFCDU in identifying type 1 perforators was 100%, with a positive predictive value of 83.3%. For type 2 perforators, the sensitivity was 63.2%, and the positive predictive value was 100%. The surgeries were successfully completed. The super-thin ALTF had a thickness ranging from 2 to 6 mm, with an average of 3.56 mm. All super-thin ALTF survived, however, 1 flap experienced a venous crisis at 1 day after operation, but it survived after emergency exploration and re-anastomosis of the veins; 1 flap developed venous crisis at 3 days after operation but survived after bleeding with several small incisions; 3 flaps had necrosis at the distal edge of the epidermis, which healed after undergoing dressing changes. All 45 patients were followed up 6-18 months (mean, 13.6 months). Three flaps required secondary defatting procedures, while the rest had the appropriate thickness, and the overall appearance was satisfactory. CONCLUSION Preoperative application of HFCDU to detect the perforator in the deep adipose layers can improve the success and safety of the procedure by facilitating the harvest of super-thin ALTF.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Thigh/surgery* ; Plastic Surgery Procedures ; Prospective Studies ; Skin Transplantation ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Burns ; Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Crush Injuries/surgery* ; Perforator Flap ; Treatment Outcome

Humans ; Consensus ; Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis/therapy* ; Heart ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains ; China

The fungal bioluminescence pathway (FBP) is a metabolic pathway responsible for the generation of bioluminescence derived from fungi. This pathway utilizes caffeic acid as the substrate, generating a high-energy intermediate, and the decomposition of which yields green fluorescence with a wavelength of approximately 520 nm. The FBP is evolutionally conserved in luminescent fungal groups. Unlike other bioluminescent systems, the FBP is particularly suitable for engineering applications in eukaryotic organisms, especially in plants. Currently, metabolically engineered luminescent plants are able to emit visible light to illuminate its surroundings, which can be visualized clearly in the dark. The fungal bioluminescent system could be explored in various applications in molecular biology, biosensors and glowing ornamental plants, and even green lighting along city streets.
Luminescence ; Light ; Fluorescence ; Eukaryota ; Green Light

The chloroplast genome encodes many key proteins involved in photosynthesis and other metabolic processes, and metabolites synthesized in chloroplasts are essential for normal plant growth and development. Root-UVB (ultraviolet radiation B)-sensitive (RUS) family proteins composed of highly conserved DUF647 domain belong to chloroplast proteins. They play an important role in the regulation of various life activities such as plant morphogenesis, material transport and energy metabolism. This article summarizes the recent advances of the RUS family proteins in the growth and development of plants such as embryonic development, photomorphological construction, VB6 homeostasis, auxin transport and anther development, with the aim to facilitate further study of its molecular regulation mechanism in plant growth and development.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Biological Transport ; Chloroplasts/genetics* ; Embryonic Development ; Plant Development/genetics*

Objective: To analyze the clinical presentation and progression risk factors of patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) in China. Methods: We retrospectively assessed the clinical features and disease progression of 1 037 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance between January 2004 and January 2022 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Results: A total of 1 037 patients were recruited in the study, including 636 males (63.6%) , with a median age of 58 (18-94) years. The median concentration of serum monoclonal protein was 2.7 (0-29.4) g/L. The monoclonal immunoglobulin type was IgG in 380 patients (59.7%) , IgA in 143 patients (22.5%) , IgM in 103 patients (16.2%) , IgD in 4 patients (0.6%) , and light chain in 6 patients (0.9%) . 171 patients (31.9%) had an abnormal serum-free light chain ratio (sFLCr) . According to the Mayo Clinic model for risk of progression, the proportion of patients in the low-risk, medium-low-risk, medium-high risk, and high-risk groups were 254 (59.5%) , 126 (29.5%) , 43 (10.1%) , and 4 (0.9%) , respectively. With a median follow-up of 47 (1-204) months, 34 of 795 patients (4.3%) had disease progression, and 22 (2.8%) died. The overall progression rate was 1.06 (0.99-1.13) /100 person-years. Patients with non-IgM MGUS have a markedly higher disease progression rate per 100 person-years than IgM-MGUS (2.87/100 person-years vs 0.99/100 person-years, P=0.002) . The disease progression rate per 100 person-years in non-IgM-MGUS patients of Mayo classification low-risk, medium-low risk and medium-high risk groups were 0.32 (0.25-0.39) /100 person-years, 1.82 (1.55-2.09) /100 person-years, and2.71 (1.93-3.49) /100 person-years, which had statistically difference (P=0.005) . Conclusion: In comparison to non-IgM-MGUS, IgM-MGUS has a greater risk of disease progression. The Mayo Clinic progression risk model applies to non-IgM-MGUS patients in China.
Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains ; Disease Progression

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological and cytogenetic features of cryptic COL1A1-PDGFB fusion dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (CC-DFSP). Methods: Three cases of CC-DFSP diagnosed in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China from January 2021 to September 2021 were studied. Immunohistochemistry for CD34 and other markers, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for PDGFB, COL1A1-PDGFB and COL1A1, next-generation sequencing (NGS), reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Sanger sequencing were performed. Results: There were three cases of CC-DFSP, including two females and one male. The patients were 29, 44 and 32 years old, respectively. The sites were abdominal wall, caruncle and scapula. Microscopically, they were poorly circumscribed. The spindle cells of the tumors infiltrated into the whole dermis or subcutaneous tissues, typically arranging in a storiform pattern. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells exhibited diffuse CD34 expression, but were negative for S-100, SMA, and Myogenin. Loss of H3K27me3 was not observed in the tumor cells. The Ki-67 index was 10%-15%. The 3 cases were all negative for PDGFB rearrangement and COL1A1-PDGFB fusion, whereas showing unbalanced rearrangement for COL1A1. Case 1 showed a COL1A1 (exon 31)-PDGFB (exon 2) fusion using NGS, which was further validated through RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. All patients underwent extended surgical resection. Except for case 3 with recurrence 2 years after surgical resection, the other 2 cases showed no recurrence or metastasis during the follow-up. Conclusions: FISH has shown its validity for detecting PDGFB rearrangement and COL1A1-PDGFB fusion and widely applied in clinical detection. However, for cases with negative routine FISH screening that were highly suspicious for DFSPs, supplementary NGS or at least COL1A1 break-apart FISH screening could be helpful to identify cryptic COL1A1-PDGFB fusions or other variant fusions.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain ; Dermatofibrosarcoma/pathology* ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/genetics* ; Skin Neoplasms/pathology* ; Adult

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotypes and molecular genetics of EWSR1-SMAD3 positive fibroblastic tumor (ESFT) with an emphasis on differential diagnosis. Methods: The clinicopathological data, immunohistochemical profiles and molecular profiles of 3 ESFT cases diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2018 to 2021were analyzed. The related literature was also reviewed. Results: There were two males and one female. The patients were 24, 12 and 36 years old, respectively. All three tumors occurred in the subcutis of the foot with the disease duration of 6 months to 2 years. The tumors were presented with a slowly growing mass or nodule, accompanied with pain in 1 patient. The tumors ranged in size from 0.1 to 1.6 cm (mean, 1.0 cm). Microscopically, the tumors were located in the subcutaneous tissue with a nodular or plexiform growth pattern. They were composed of cellular fascicles of bland spindle cells with elongated nuclei and fine chromatin. One of the tumors infiltrated into adjacent adipose tissue. There was no nuclear atypia or mitotic activities. All three tumors showed prominent stromal hyalinization with zonal pattern present in one case. Focal punctate calcification was noted in two cases. The immunohistochemical studies showed that tumor cells were diffusely positive for ERG and negative for CD31 and CD34, with Ki-67 index less than 2%. Fluorescence in situ hybridization on the two tested cases identified EWSR1 gene rearrangement. The next generation sequencing analysis demonstrated EWSR1-SMAD3 fusion in all three cases. During the follow up, one patient developed local recurrence 24 months after the surgery. Conclusions: ESFT is a benign fibroblastic neoplasm and has a predilection for the foot, characterized by ERG immunoreactivity and EWSR1-SMAD3 fusion. Local recurrence might occur when incompletely excised. Familiarity with its clinicopathological features is helpful in distinguishing it from other spindle cell neoplasms that tend to occur at acral sites.
Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis* ; China ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Neoplasms, Fibrous Tissue/pathology* ; RNA-Binding Protein EWS/genetics* ; Smad3 Protein/genetics* ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms/surgery*

The aim of this study was to develop a technical system for high-efficient production of fucoxanthin by photo-fermentation of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In a 5 L photo-fermentation tank, the effects of initial light intensity, nitrogen source and concentration as well as light quality on biomass concentration and fucoxanthin accumulation in P. tricornutum were investigated systematically under mixotrophic condition. The results showed that the biomass concentration, fucoxanthin content and productivity reached the highest level of 3.80 g/L, 13.44 mg/g and 4.70 mg/(L·d) under the optimal conditions of initial light intensity of 100 μmol/(m²·s), 0.02 mol TN/L of tryptone: urea (1:1, N mol/N mol) as mixed nitrogen source, and a mixed red/blue (R: B=6:1) light, 1.41, 1.33 and 2.05-fold higher than that before optimization, respectively. This study developed a key technology for enhancing the production of fucoxanthin by photo-fermentation of P. tricornutum, facilitating the development of marine natural products.
Fermentation ; Xanthophylls ; Light ; Diatoms ; Nitrogen

This paper reviews the research progress on live-cell super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, discusses the current research status and hotspots in this field, and summarizes the technological application of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy for live-cell imaging. To date, this field has gained progress in numerous aspects. Specifically, the structured illumination microscopy, stimulated emission depletion microscopy, and the recently introduced minimal photon fluxes microscopy are the current research hotspots. According to the current progress in this field, future development trend is likely to be largely driven by artificial intelligence as well as advances in fluorescent probes and relevant labelling methods.
Artificial Intelligence ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Technology