Background: The primary goal of scabies treatment is to eliminate mites; however, but post-scabetic itch persists in many patients. Since long-standing itching can lead to the development of other comorbidities, appropriate interventions are necessary. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of inappropriate (continuous or prolonged) scabicide use and oral steroids on the duration of pruritus in patients with scabies. Methods: The duration of pruritus, use of oral corticosteroids, total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, specific IgE levels for house dust mites, and eosinophil counts were evaluated. Post-scabetic itch was defined as itching that persisted for more than 3 weeks, although scabies was no longer detected; 208 participants with post-scabetic itch were included. Results: We recruited 265 participants with confirmatory diagnosis of scabies and 116 with clinical diagnosis. We treated 124 participants with scabicides based on the guidelines, whereas 257 participants were not. The type of scabicide did not affect the duration of pruritus. Scabicide overuse did not shorten the duration of pruritus; however, its prolonged use lengthened the treatment period. Although oral corticosteroids did not shorten the duration of pruritus in the patients, they were effective when the patient had post-scabetic itch. In addition, a positive correlation between the total IgE level and duration of pruritus was observed. Conclusion This study investigated the effect of treatment modality on the clinical course of scabies. Our findings suggest that overuse of scabicides might be associated with post-scabetic itch, and short-term use of oral corticosteroids may be effective in reducing its duration.

Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute, self-limited mucocutaneous disease with diverse triggering factors, and the recurrences are quite common. A 24-year old male presented with multiple erythematous, itchy papules and plaques on multiple sites. He has worked in a lithium battery factory and experienced the chemical burn 2 weeks ago. A histopathologic examination on right wrist showed a scattered lymphocytic infiltration, vacuolar degeneration, and necrotic keratinocyte. The final diagnosis was EM after occupational lithium exposure. He was treated by oral methylprednisolone and experienced recurrences after returning to the same workplace after remission. Although the precise pathogenesis is unknown, the pathogenesis of EM by lithium is related to the effect of lithium on immune system, different from other etiologies. To our knowledge, our case is the first report of EM following the chemical burn and occupational lithium exposure. We report this as an interesting case of EM.

Epithelioid hemangioma is a rare benign vascular neoplasm. Recently, the term “multiple eruptive epithelioid hemangioma” has been proposed for epithelioid hemangioma with distinct features. It is different from usual epithelioid hemangioma because of the multifocal distributions in various body regions with an eruptive onset. In addition, the histopathology of multiple eruptive epithelioid hemangioma shows increased cellular proliferation, mitosis, and nuclear pleomorphism and positive findings for FOS-B compared to classic epithelioid hemangioma. Herein, we report the case of a 59-year-old man with unusual manifestations suitable for multiple eruptive epithelioid hemangioma. He had multiple erythematous to purple-red dome-shaped nodules on the right hand, arm, and shoulder. The initial lesion was a solitary erythematous nodule on the right hand that abruptly extended to the right arm and shoulder. Microscopically, the tumor was a well-demarcated dermal nodule and showed capillary sized vascular structures. Vascular structures had epithelioid endothelial cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei. The tumor cells showed mild nuclear pleomorphism and a few mitosis and feature of resembling cobble stone was observed. In immunohistochemistry, CD31 and CD34 were positive in the endothelial cells.The endothelial cells showed nuclear positivity in FOS-B. Based on the clinical and histopathological findings, the final diagnosis was multiple eruptive epithelioid hemangiomas.This is the first report of multiple eruptive epithelioid hemangiomas in an Asian man after the term had been introduced.

Verrucous carcinoma is a rare, low-grade, well-differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It occurs mainly on the soles, but has also been reported in other locations, including the buttocks, hand, anus, and genitalia. A 38-year-old woman presented with an asymptomatic skin lesion of the nipple. She first noticed the lesion three months prior. A solitary, cauliflower-shaped, black polypoid mass was observed on her right nipple.Histopathological examination revealed a superficial lesion resembling verruca vulgaris. It was composed of relatively well-differentiated cells with severe epidermal proliferation, and some tumor cells were observed in the dermis. The final diagnosis was verrucous carcinoma. Complete excision of all the lesions was performed. The patient had no recurrence. We report an interesting case of verrucous carcinoma that occurred at a relatively rare site; only one previous report of verrucous carcinoma associated with the breast or nipple was found.

Verrucous carcinoma is a rare, low-grade, well-differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It occurs mainly on the soles, but has also been reported in other locations, including the buttocks, hand, anus, and genitalia. A 38-year-old woman presented with an asymptomatic skin lesion of the nipple. She first noticed the lesion three months prior. A solitary, cauliflower-shaped, black polypoid mass was observed on her right nipple.Histopathological examination revealed a superficial lesion resembling verruca vulgaris. It was composed of relatively well-differentiated cells with severe epidermal proliferation, and some tumor cells were observed in the dermis. The final diagnosis was verrucous carcinoma. Complete excision of all the lesions was performed. The patient had no recurrence. We report an interesting case of verrucous carcinoma that occurred at a relatively rare site; only one previous report of verrucous carcinoma associated with the breast or nipple was found.

Lichen nitidus is an uncommon, asymptomatic cutaneous eruption. There are many reports of variable subtype of lichen nitidus including of spinous, follicular, vesicular, hemorrhagic, actinic, purpuric, and perforating lichen nitidus. We report a 7-year-old boy who presented with multiple generalized papular eruption that was composed of discrete, flesh colored, 1-2mm sized, glistening, and round shaped papules. The histopathology of the biopsied specimen showed a well-circumscribed dermal infiltrate mainly composed of histiocytes. The overlying epidermis showed atrophy, thinning of granular layer and liquifaction degeneration of basal layer. Transepidermal perforation was observed and eosinophilic amorphous debris was in the channel of the perforation.
Actins ; Atrophy ; Child ; Eosinophils ; Epidermis ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Lichen Nitidus* ; Lichens* ; Male

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that the phototherapy with blue light (415 nm) or a mixed blue and red light (415 nm and 660 nm) is effective in the treatment of acne vulgaris. however, the effects of red light on acne vulgaris have not been investigated. OBJECT: To examine the effects of red light (680 nm) on patients with moderate acne vulgaris. METHODS: Patients treated their skin by themselves, using portable light source (680 nm), and irradiation was performed for 7 minute twice daily. Each patient was evaluated every 2 weeks with Burton scale and the numbers of papules and pustules. After 6 weeks, the degrees of satisfaction of patients and physicians were assessed. RESULT: Therapy with red light significantly decreased the numbers of papules and pustules (p<0.01). The numbers of satisfied patients and physicians at the end of treatment were 59 (83.1%) and 56 (78.9%) respectively. Side effect was not reported, except only one patient complained of headache. CONCLUSION: Phototherapy with red light (680 nm) was effective and safe treatment for patients with acne vulgaris.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Headache ; Humans ; Phototherapy* ; Skin

BACKGROUND: Although the pro-convulsant or anticonvulsant properties of propofol remain a matter of controversy, it is evident that propofol can produce involuntary movement. Such movement is a relatively common side effect, especially in children, and may be dose-related or injection rate-related. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of injection rate upon involuntary movement during propofol induction in children. METHODS: Children (age 3-14 yr) undergoing elective Eye and ENT surgery were randomly allocated to one of 4 groups based on the propofol injection rate (A, manual/15 s; B, 360 ml/hr; C, 200 ml/hr, D, 100 ml/hr) using a manual injection method and syringe pumps. No premedication was used. The induction dosage of propofol was 3 mg/kg in all groups. Fentanyl 1mcg/kg and 1% lidocaine 1-2ml were given I.V. before propofol. Involuntary movement was graded 0-2 on severity. The infused dose of propofol at movement was measured. Movement due to pain or mask fitting was not regarded as an involuntary movement. All results were analyzed using the Chi-Square Test and ANOVA. RESULTS: 595 children were studied. Age, gender, and weight were similar in the 4 groups. Involuntary movements were apparent in 179 (30.1%) of the 595 subjects. Movements were significantly less in group A (12.4%) and B (16.4%) compared to group C (46.6%) and D (45.3%). The grades of movement were not different among the 4 groups. The durations of movement in group A and B were significantly short compared to group C and D. The infused dose of propofol (mg/kg) at movement was higher in group C (2.65+/-0.62) than in A (1.99+/-0.62) and B (2.43+/-0.78). There were no significant hemodynamic and SPO2 changes during and after the propofol injection. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that slow injection may increase the incidence of involuntary movement during propofol induction in children. Since the bolus injection rates are usually slow in most syringe pumps, manual injection for 10 15 s may be a better choice for smoother induction, as it requires fewer interventions to prevent venous catheter displacement in children.
Catheters ; Child* ; Dyskinesias* ; Fentanyl ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine ; Masks ; Premedication ; Propofol* ; Syringes

Chronic neutrophilic leukemia(CNL) is a rare disorder characterized by persistent neutrophilia of mature cell type without evidence of infection, hepatosplenomegaly, elevated neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score and the absence of Philadelphia chromosome We report a typical case of CNL with multiple myeloma(IgG-lambda type) in 68 years old female. Many neutrophils had toxic granule and vacuole. The peripheral blood smear showed neutrophlic leukocytosis(50,940/microliter, neutrophil 94%) with rare immature form. The cytogenetic study showed normal karyotype without Philadelphia chromosome. She was diagnosed as multiple myeloma with paraproteinemia, lytic bone lesion of skull, and immature plasma cells in bone marrow.
Aged ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Bone Marrow ; Cytogenetics ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic* ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Neutrophils ; Paraproteinemias ; Philadelphia Chromosome ; Plasma Cells ; Skull ; Vacuoles

The primary treatment modality of malignant tumors of the nasopharynx is radiation therapy owing to its inaccessibility to surgical intervention. Over the last two decades there were many changes in techniques of delivery, which include the use of higher doses of radiotherapy, the use of wide radiation field, including the elective radiation of the whole neck, the combined use of brachy- and teletherapy, and the use of split-course therapy. In spite of these advances local and regional recurrences remain the major cause of death. As a boost therapy after external irradiation, high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation using remote control afterloading system (RALS) was used in two patients. Our results were satisfactory, however, this procedure should only be performed by those who have developed enough expertise in the use of intracavitary techniques for the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer and have a supportive team including a physicist, dosimetrist, nurse, and trained technologist.
Cause of Death ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; Nasopharynx ; Neck ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence