Background: s/Aims: Portal vein embolization (PVE) and Yttrium-90 (Y-90) radioembolization are used to induce liver hypertrophy, increasing future liver remnant volume and reducing the risk of post-resection liver failure. This systematic review compares the effectiveness of PVE and Y-90 radioembolization in promoting liver hypertrophy in patients undergoing liver resection. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched for studies published between January 2000 and August 2023. Studies comparing PVE and Y-90 radioembolization with respect to liver hypertrophy were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Pooled mean differences were calculated using an inverse-variance random-effects model. Results: Of 1,965 studies identified, three retrospective cohort studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 125 patients. Among these, 67.3% underwent PVE and 32.7% received Y-90 radioembolization. Hepatocellular carcinoma was the most common diagnosis (55.9%), followed by metastatic disease (32.3%) and cholangiocarcinoma (11.8%). PVE was more commonly used as a preoperative strategy for liver resection, while Y-90 radioembolization was primarily employed for palliative intent. One study reported greater hypertrophy with Y-90 compared to PVE (63% vs. 36%); however, hypertrophy was assessed over a longer interval (150 vs. 30 days). In pooled analysis, PVE was associated with significantly greater hypertrophy (mean difference 23.75%; 95% CI 12.02–35.48; p < 0.0001; I 2 = 48%). Conclusions Evidence directly comparing PVE and Y-90 radioembolization for liver hypertrophy remains limited. While pooled results favor PVE, procedure selection should be individualized based on clinical context.

Background: Tirzepatide is a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)-glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist being evaluated for the treatment of various metabolic disorders. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized data on the effects of tirzepatide on serum lipid levels. Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for relevant data from randomized controlled clinical trials. All articles were screened, reviewed, and extracted by at least two independent authors, with conflicts resolved by consensus. Four hundred and thirty-three records were identified in the initial literature search; 18 of them were identified for full-text review, and 14 of those were systematically reviewed and included in the analysis. The meta-analysis was performed using an inverse variance random-effects model. Results: Fourteen articles that reported data from 13 randomized controlled clinical trials were included in the review. Nine trials had a low risk of bias, two had a moderate risk, and two had a high risk of bias. The pooled analysis showed that tirzepatide was efficacious at improving all lipid markers, including cholesterol and triglycerides.Moreover, a clear dose response trend was visible across results from groups taking 5, 10, and 15 mg of tirzepatide. Conclusion There is growing evidence to support the use of tirzepatide in patients with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Our results demonstrate that tirzepatide significantly improves all aspects of patient metabolism and might be superior in this regard to conventional agents such as insulin formulations or traditional GLP-1 agonists.

Background: Tirzepatide is a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)-glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist being evaluated for the treatment of various metabolic disorders. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized data on the effects of tirzepatide on serum lipid levels. Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for relevant data from randomized controlled clinical trials. All articles were screened, reviewed, and extracted by at least two independent authors, with conflicts resolved by consensus. Four hundred and thirty-three records were identified in the initial literature search; 18 of them were identified for full-text review, and 14 of those were systematically reviewed and included in the analysis. The meta-analysis was performed using an inverse variance random-effects model. Results: Fourteen articles that reported data from 13 randomized controlled clinical trials were included in the review. Nine trials had a low risk of bias, two had a moderate risk, and two had a high risk of bias. The pooled analysis showed that tirzepatide was efficacious at improving all lipid markers, including cholesterol and triglycerides.Moreover, a clear dose response trend was visible across results from groups taking 5, 10, and 15 mg of tirzepatide. Conclusion There is growing evidence to support the use of tirzepatide in patients with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Our results demonstrate that tirzepatide significantly improves all aspects of patient metabolism and might be superior in this regard to conventional agents such as insulin formulations or traditional GLP-1 agonists.

Background: Tirzepatide is a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)-glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist being evaluated for the treatment of various metabolic disorders. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized data on the effects of tirzepatide on serum lipid levels. Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for relevant data from randomized controlled clinical trials. All articles were screened, reviewed, and extracted by at least two independent authors, with conflicts resolved by consensus. Four hundred and thirty-three records were identified in the initial literature search; 18 of them were identified for full-text review, and 14 of those were systematically reviewed and included in the analysis. The meta-analysis was performed using an inverse variance random-effects model. Results: Fourteen articles that reported data from 13 randomized controlled clinical trials were included in the review. Nine trials had a low risk of bias, two had a moderate risk, and two had a high risk of bias. The pooled analysis showed that tirzepatide was efficacious at improving all lipid markers, including cholesterol and triglycerides.Moreover, a clear dose response trend was visible across results from groups taking 5, 10, and 15 mg of tirzepatide. Conclusion There is growing evidence to support the use of tirzepatide in patients with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Our results demonstrate that tirzepatide significantly improves all aspects of patient metabolism and might be superior in this regard to conventional agents such as insulin formulations or traditional GLP-1 agonists.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is uncommon among Asian population. It is frequently associated with sight threatening complications. Simultaneous bilateral ocular involvement with different pathology is uncommon. We would like to highlight a rare case of GCA that was presented with transient visual loss over the right eye with simultaneous onset of central retinal artery occlusion as well as arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in both eyes. High dose intravenous methylprednisolone then subsequently maintenance dose of oral steroid and oral aspirin were given. His visual acuity remained the same after treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment of GCA is crucial. Visual outcome can be devastating if treatment is delayed.

Enteral myiasis or intestinal myiasis is acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated with dipteran fly eggs or larvae. Here, we describe a patient with intestinal myiasis presenting with acute dysentery caused by the larva of Hermetia illucens. The larva was identified morphologically, and its species confirmed through molecular analysis using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI).

We report a case of a patient with Schistosoma mansoni infection who presented with liver cirrhosis and splenomegaly. She was diagnosed by a serological test and Kato-Katz thick smear stool examination. The patient was a 52-year-old woman from Sudan who came to Malaysia for a week to visit her sons. The patient lives in the middle of Rabak region, Sudan, a highly endemic area for schistosomiasis where her daily routine includes rearing of cows and farming. The site of toilet and sources of drinking water are canals and wells; both infested with snails. Patient had a long history of exposure and coming into contact with water from these canals and wells.