The gut microbiota is closely related to human health, and various gut microbiota health indices have been developed to assist in evaluating the health of the gut microbiota and even the overall health of the human body. Diets are one of the main factors that regulate the gut microbiota, while there is still no good method for evaluating the regulatory effects of dietary factors. To assess the regulatory effects of dietary factors on the gut microbiota of overweight individuals, we conducted an in vitro fermentation experiment based on 17 dietary factors, and developed an evaluation method for the regulatory effects of dietary factors based on the health index with principal component analysis (hiPCA). The results showed that most dietary factors had positive regulatory effects on the gut microbiota of overweight individuals. Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and puerarin were the most significant dietary factors in regulating the gut microbiota of overweight individuals. The analysis of the contribution of species to the hiPCA indicated that GOS and puerarin might inhibit the activities of bacteria associated with overweight by regulating Eubacterium dolichum, Lactobacillus salivarius, Clostridium clostridioforme, Clostridium citroniae, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium 9_1_43BFAA. In addition, GOS may further enhance the inhibition of these activities by regulating Lachnospiraceae bacterium 6_1_63FAA, thereby reducing the gut health risks in overweight individuals. In summary, this study evaluated the health effects of dietary factors based on the hiPCA and specifically analyzed the role of different dietary factors in regulating the gut microbiota of overweight individuals. This provides new ideas and methods for improving gut microbiota health and has potential applications in the field of precision nutrition.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Isoflavones/pharmacology* ; Overweight/microbiology* ; Diet ; Fermentation ; Oligosaccharides/pharmacology* ; Principal Component Analysis

The aims of the present study were to determine the effects of heparin-derived oligosaccharides (HDOs) on vascular intimal hyperplasia (IH) in balloon-injured carotid artery and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action. An animal model was established by rubbing the endothelia within the common carotid artery (CCA) in male rabbits. The rabbits were fed a high-cholesterol diet. Arterial IH was determined by histopathological changes to the CCA. Serum lipids were detected using an automated biochemical analysis. Expressions of mRNAs for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA-1) were analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Expressions of VEGF, VCAM-1, MCP-1, SR-BI and ABCA-1 proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to quantify expression levels of VEGF and bFGF. Our results showed that administration of HDO significantly inhibited CCA histopathology and restenosis induced by balloon injury. The treatment with HDOs significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGF, bFGF, VCAM-1, MCP-1, and SR-BI in the arterial wall; however, ABCA-1 expression level was elevated. HDO treatment led to a reduction in serum lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density and low-density lipoproteins). Our results from the rabbit model indicated that HDOs could ameliorate IH and underlying mechanism might involve VEGF, bFGF, VCAM-1, MCP-1, SR-BI, and ABCA-1.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 ; analysis ; Animals ; Carotid Artery Injuries ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Chemokine CCL2 ; analysis ; Heparin ; therapeutic use ; Hyperplasia ; Male ; Oligosaccharides ; therapeutic use ; Rabbits ; Tunica Intima ; pathology ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; analysis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; analysis

We purified a novel mannose binding lectin form Musca domestica pupae by affinity chromatography on Con A-Sepharose 4B and DEAE weak anion-exchange chromatography. By SDS-PAGE, MBL-1 yielded a single band with the molecular weight of 24 kDa. It was a glycoprotein detected by periodic acid-schiffs staining reaction, with 97.36% protein and 2.1% oligosaccharide. Meanwhile, the results of beta-elimination reaction, infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and protein sequencing instrument show that MBL-1 was an ellipsoidal-shaped monomer with 60-100 nm in diameter. N-glycoside bond linked oligosaccharide chain and the N-terminal blocked peptide chain. Further study suggested that MBL-1 promote the proliferation of macrophage in a concentration-dependent manner. The scanning electron microscope analysis shows that MBL-1 promoted the activation of macrophages. These results show that MBL-1 purified from Musca domestica pupae possesses immune regulation effect, serving a reference basis to develop natural immune-modulator.
Animals ; Glycoproteins ; analysis ; Houseflies ; chemistry ; Immunomodulation ; immunology ; physiology ; Macrophages ; immunology ; Mannose-Binding Lectin ; chemistry ; physiology ; Oligosaccharides ; analysis ; Pupa ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo determine determinate five oligosaccharides, namely sucrose, 1-kestose, nystose, 1F-fructofurano-syinystose, bajijiasu contained in Morinda officinalis with an HILIC-ELSDI) method.

METHODWaters XBridge Amide (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 microm) hilic column was adopted for gradient elution, with acetonitrile (A) and 0.2% triethylamine (B) as the mobile phase. The column temperature was set at 40 degrees C, with the flow rate of 0.8 mL x min. Waters 2424 evaporative light scattering detector (ESLD) was used as detector, with the gas flow of 275.79 kPa and drift tube temperature of 90 degrees C.

RESULTThe detection range for the five oligosaccharides were 2.128-21.28 microg for sucrose (r = 0.999 3), 1.864-18.64 microg for 1-kestose (r = 0.999 6), 1.92-19.2 microg for nystose (r = 0.999 8), 1.912-19. 12 microg for 1F-fructofuranosyinystose (r = 0.999 5), 2.368-23.68 microg for bajijiasu (r = 0.999 4), respectively. The recovery of the five oligosaccharides ranged between 92.81%-102.8% (n = 6).

CONCLUSIONThe method is so simple, accurate and highly reproducible that it can be used as an analytical method for effective evaluation of the quality of M. officinalis herbs.

Chromatography, Liquid ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Morinda ; chemistry ; Oligosaccharides ; analysis ; Scattering, Radiation

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of seedling quality on growth, yield and quality of Rehmannia glutinosa at harvest and build a basis for its GAP.

METHODThe seedling quality of R. glutinosa in main producing regions was surveyed to understand the current status of seedling quality. Field experiments with different varieties and seedling quality were conducted to measure dry matter accumulation with different growth of R. glutinosa and oligosaccharide content, and economic yield at harvest.

RESULTThe seedling was randomly selected by farmers in R. glutinosa producing regions. Seedling quality could significantly improve on seedling emergence rate, and promote seedling growth, especially with early stage R. glutinosa, finally increase yield at harvest. At harvest, 63% and 50% of yield with A and B seedling could be improved for variety of 85-5, and 50% and 47% of yield could be increased for variety of Beijing No. 1, compared to the C seeding.

CONCLUSIONIn cultivation, the seedlings with the diameter > 1.5 cm should be transplanted firstly.

Oligosaccharides ; analysis ; Rehmannia ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Seedlings ; chemistry ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Periploca calophylla.

METHODVarious chromatographic techniques were used to isolate the constituents, and their structures were identified by spectral and chemical methods.

RESULTTwo oligosaccharides were isolated from the chloroform part of P. calophylla and their structures were identified as 4-O-acetyl-beta-cymaropyranosyl (1-->4)-O-beta-D-cymaropyranosyl(1-->4)-O-beta-D-canaropyranosyl (1-->4)-O-beta-D-cymaropyranosy(1-->4)-O-oleandronic acid-delta-lactone(1), and perisaccharide B (2).

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 is a new compound. Compound 2 is reported for the first time from this plant.

Carbohydrate Sequence ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Oligosaccharides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Periploca ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; methods

OBJECTIVETo develop identification and assay methods of Franchet groundcherry.

METHODTLC method was used to identify of physalin L in the sample using high performance silica gel G plate and a mixture of chloroform-acetone-methanol (25:1:1) as a developing solvent. In the chromatogram, physalin L showed a distinct fluorescence spot under UV 365 nm with good separation. In the HPLC method, luteoloside was separated on a Venusil XBP C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column with acetonitrile-0. 2% phosphoric acid (20:80) as the mobile phase with flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 350 nm.

RESULTFor the HPLC quantitation method, the calibration curve of luteoloside displayed ideal linearity over the range of 0.50-249.40 mg x L(-1) with the regression equation of Y = 55,313X + 3.1641 (r = 1.000). The average recovery of luteoloside was 98.79% with a RSD of 1.1%. And the intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 2%.

CONCLUSIONThe TLC identification and HPLC determination were sensitive, reliable and repeatable and can be applied for the quality evaluation and assessment of Franchet Groundcherry Calyx.

Bignoniaceae ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Oligosaccharides ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of SleX in nasal epithelium in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. METHOD: Nine nasal epitheliums from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and 7 normal controls were stained with SleX antibody by immunohistochemistry, and its expression were analyzed. RESULT: Both nasal epithelial cells and neutrophils expressed SleX. Nearly 88.9% nasal epithelium from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis expressed SleX while 14.3% in normal control. Expression of SleX in nasal epitheliums from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were higher than that in normal control. There were significant difference between two groups. CONCLUSION Nasal epithelium from patients with CRS is highly expressed SleX. It may involve the occurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis.
Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Neutrophils ; metabolism ; Oligosaccharides ; analysis ; Sinusitis ; metabolism ; Young Adult

This study was designed to evaluate the inhibition effect of lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides on neovascularization in vitro by chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and human umbilical vein endothelial cell ( HUVEC). lambda-Carrageenan oligosaccharides caused a dose-dependent decrease of the vascular density of CAM, and adversely affected capillary plexus formation. At a high concentration of 1 mg x mL(-1), this compound inhibited the endothelial cell proliferation, while low concentration of lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides (< 250 microg x mL(-1)) affected the cell survival slightly (> 95%). Different cytotoxic sensitivity of lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides in three kinds of cells was observed, of which HUVEC is the most sensitive to this oligosaccharides. The inhibitory action of lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides on the endothelial cell invasion and migration was also observed at relatively low concentration (150 - 300 microg x mL(-1)) through down-regulation of intracellular matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) expression on endothelial cells. Current observations demonstrated that lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides are potential angiogenesis inhibitor with combined effects of inhibiting invasion, migration and proliferation.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Carrageenan ; pharmacology ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Chick Embryo ; Chorioallantoic Membrane ; blood supply ; cytology ; drug effects ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; analysis ; Oligosaccharides ; pharmacology

AIMTo investigate the molecular mechanism of protective effect of acidic oligose 971 on Alzheimer's disease mouse model by using microarray.

METHODSBalb/c mice were randomly divided into control group, beta-AP(25-35) i.c.v. injected group and 971-treated group. The learning-memory ability of mice was tested by Morris water maze experiment. Total RNA of the cerebral cortex was extracted from the mice of each group. cDNA microarrays containing 1176 genes were used to investigate the gene expression pattern of each group. Expressions of 5 genes were randomly selected for further confirmation by RT-PCR.

RESULTSIcv injection of beta-AP(25-35) caused significant impairments in spatial and working memory performances of mice in Morris water maze and which were relieved by the treatment of 971. Up- and down- regulated genes were 19 and 12 in beta-AP(25-35)-injected group vs control group, respectively. Up- and down- regulated genes were 13 and 4, respectively, in 971-treated group vs beta-AP(25-35)-injected group. RT-PCR results indicated that 5 genes showed identical results to that of the microarray.

CONCLUSIONThe protective effect of 971 on learning and memory ability of beta-AP(25-35)-treated mouse may be related to the expression changes of genes involved in cell cycle, DNA repair, nerve growth, synaptic plasticity and immune response, etc.

Alzheimer Disease ; chemically induced ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Animals ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neuroprotective Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Oligosaccharides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Peptide Fragments ; Phaeophyta ; chemistry ; Random Allocation