Background/Aims: Tuberculosis has incidence and mortality rates that are among the highest for all communicable diseases. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to anti-tubercular drugs are common, and have a major impact on treatment maintenance and prognosis. It is important to understand the characteristics of ADRs and establish a suitable management plan. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with ADRs during treatment with first-line antitubercular drugs such as isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide from 2009 to 2018. Age, sex, and total treatment period, and the onset, severity, seriousness, and system organ class of ADRs, were analyzed to understand the characteristics of first-line anti-tubercular drug-related ADRs. Results: A total of 1,606 of 5,482 patients (29.3%) experienced ADRs after administration of first-line anti-tubercular drugs. The incidence of ADRs related to isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide was 22.2%, 21.3%, 24.5%, and 29.6%, respectively. A total of 2,098 ADR reports were made (mean of 1.3 ± 0.6 per patient). The rates of mild, moderate, and severe ADRs were 32.4%, 61.1%, and 6.5%, respectively. There were 127 reports (6.1%) of serious ADRs. Skin and appendage disorders were most frequently reported (27.5%), followed by gastrointestinal disorders (17.5%), and liver and biliary system disorders (13.1%). The total treatment period was longer in patients who experienced ADRs (224.0 ± 3.1 days vs. 247.0 ± 4.7 days, p = 0.009). Conclusions The incidence of ADRs to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs was 29.3%, and 6.5% were severe ADRS. ADRs prolonged the overall treatment duration, indicating the importance of their detection and management.

PURPOSE: To evaluate intracranial control after surgical resection according to the adjuvant treatment received in order to assess the optimal radiotherapy (RT) dose and volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2003 and 2015, a total of 53 patients with brain oligometastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) underwent metastasectomy. The patients were divided into three groups according to the adjuvant treatment received: whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) ± boost (WBRT ± boost group, n = 26), local RT/Gamma Knife surgery (local RT group, n = 14), and the observation group (n = 13). The most commonly used dose schedule was WBRT (25 Gy in 10 fractions, equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions [EQD2] 26.04 Gy) with tumor bed boost (15 Gy in 5 fractions, EQD2 16.25 Gy). RESULTS: The WBRT ± boost group showed the lowest 1-year intracranial recurrence rate of 30.4%, followed by the local RT and observation groups, at 66.7%, and 76.9%, respectively (p = 0.006). In the WBRT ± boost group, there was no significant increase in the 1-year new site recurrence rate of patients receiving a lower dose of WBRT (EQD2) <27 Gy compared to that in patients receiving a higher WBRT dose (p = 0.553). The 1-year initial tumor site recurrence rate was lower in patients receiving tumor bed dose (EQD2) of ≥42.3 Gy compared to those receiving <42.3 Gy, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.347). CONCLUSIONS: Adding WBRT after resection of brain oligometastases from NSCLC seems to enhance intracranial control. Furthermore, combining lower-dose WBRT with a tumor bed boost may be an attractive option.
Appointments and Schedules ; Brain* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Metastasectomy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy* ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies*

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Chewing difficulty is a factor contributing to a poor nutritional status in the elderly. The aim of this study was to examine disparities in food and nutrition intakes among Korean elderly people with and without chewing difficulty. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study utilized data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2013. The study subjects included males and females over 65 years of age who were not required to adhere to a special diet due to disease or sickness. They were divided into groups according to their chewing ability. Those who found chewing “very difficult” or “difficult”, were combined to form the chewing difficulty group. Similarly, those who found chewing “moderately difficult”, “easy”, and “very easy” were combined to form the normal chewing group. RESULTS: Of the 999 subjects, 47.7% had chewing difficulties and the prevalence of chewing difficulty was higher in females than in males (P = 0.03) and higher in those 75 years of age and over than in younger individuals (P < 0.001). The chewing difficulty group had a significantly lower intake of fruits and vegetables (P < 0.05) and lower vitamin C and potassium intake than those in the normal group. Comparison of the percentages of Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) in the two groups indicated that the intake of most nutrients (energy, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and iron) were significantly lower in the chewing difficulty group than in the normal group. In particular, calcium intake was inadequate (51% of KDRIs) in the chewing difficulty group. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that chewing difficulty is closely related to food and nutrient intake in the elderly and can result in vitamin and mineral intake deficiencies. It is evident that the care of elderly subjects with chewing difficulty is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Aged* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Diet ; Female ; Fruit ; Humans ; Korea* ; Life Style ; Male ; Malnutrition ; Mastication* ; Miners ; Niacin ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Nutritional Status ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Prevalence ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; Riboflavin ; Sodium ; Vegetables ; Vitamins

This study evaluated the quality characteristics of jelly prepared with different levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) of wild carrot (WC, Daucus carota L.) juice as a care food for the elderly. The lightness, redness, yellowness, and delta (Δ) values of the jelly (Control, WCJ5, WCJ10, WCJ15, WCJ20, and WCJ25) decreased with increasing amounts of wild carrot juice added. The mechanical properties, such as hardness, springiness, chewiness, and gumminess, of the jelly were decreased with increasing amounts of wild carrot juice added. The total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents of the jelly increased with increasing amounts of wild carrot juice added. The DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50) also increased with increasing amounts of wild carrot juice added. The α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of wild carrot (WC) and WCJ25 were 71% and 54.4%, respectively, compared to the positive control (acarbose). The lipase inhibitory effects of WC and WCJ25 were 44.2% and 14.4%, respectively, compared to the positive control group (orlistat). On the other hand, the sensory evaluation score was the best at WCJ20, which contained 20% wild carrot juice. In conclusion, WCJ20 or WCJ25 is expected to be a care food for the elderly with respect to texture as well as the antioxidant and enzymatic activity (α-glucosidase inhibitory and lipase inhibitory activities).
Aged ; Daucus carota* ; Hand ; Hardness ; Humans ; Lipase

OBJECTIVETo investigate the physicochemical properties of unripe peach-Prunus persica cv. Mibaekdo (Mibaekdo) and Prunus persica cv. Nagasawa Hakuho (Nagasawa Hakuho) as an alternative to food supplement while Japanese apricot (Prunus mume cv. Backaha) (Backaha) was used as a control sample.

METHODSThe unripe fruits were analyzed for soluble solid ( ˚Brix), titratable acidity, pH, total polyphenol content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, amygdalin content, free amino acid content, organic acid content, free sugar content, and α-amylase activities.

RESULTSTotal polyphenol content of unripe peach ranged between 137.27-151.64 µg/g whereas that of apricot was 160.73 µg/g. DPPH radical scavenging activities of Backaha was the highest (89.16%) followed by Mibaekdo (85.05%) and Nagasawa Hakuho (41.50%). The highest amount of oxalic acid (612.8 mg/100 g) was observed in Mibaekdo while that of Nagasawa Hakuho and Backaha were (184.6±18.1) and (334.8±16.1) mg/100 g, respectively. Amygdalin contents of Mibaekdo, Nagasawa Hakuho and Backaha were 486.61, 548.60 and 174.28 µg/g, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that the unripe fruit of peach has a significant biochemical potential of using as a food supplement with potential health benefit for human health.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop a nurse-learning program for the pain management of cancer patients. METHODS: In this methodological study, a learning program was developed between January and June 2011, following the methodological procedure based on the ADDIE Instructional System Design. RESULTS: The learning program consists of 4 parts: learning goal, learning outcomes, learning method, and evaluation method. Learner-centered learning goal and learning outcomes were established, and lecture-based group learning and self-directed study were combined as the learning method. For the evaluation, we developed a written test, a nursing skill checklist, and a case report evaluation tool. After a pilot test, the learning program was assessed by an expert group for its construct validity and content-related conformance. Moreover, the effectiveness of the program was validated by the results of the learning outcomes evaluation and the achievement levels of 40 trainees who participated in the program. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the results of this study, we suggest that this unit-based core nursing practice learning program, comprising 202 nursing units developed by a research institute nursing department since 2010, be shared by all nurses in clinical nursing care settings to improve their practical performance and ensure necessary specialization.
Academies and Institutes ; Checklist ; Humans ; Learning* ; Methods ; Nursing Care ; Nursing* ; Oncologic Nursing ; Pain Management* ; Programmed Instruction as Topic

No abstract available.
Echocardiography ; Heart

The average sodium intake of Koreans was reported to be 5,279.9 mg/day, which is one of the highest intake levels worldwide. The average Koreans intake 19.6% of sodium from kimchi, showing kimchi as the main contributor of sodium in this country (Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2005). The sodium content of dishes that are frequently chosen by workers, and which were served by foodservice cafeterias were chemically analyzed. The average sodium content of one meal provided by 10 foodservice cafeterias was 2,777.7 mg. Twenty-one, one-dish-meals, frequently chosen by workers for a lunch menu, were collected at 4 different restaurants for each menu by one male, aged in the twenties and analyzed chemically also. Workers who eat lunch at a workplace cafeteria everyday could intake about 8 g of salt at a one-time meal and those who eat out for a one-dish-meal would intake 3-8 g of salt without counting sodium content from the side dishes. From these study results, one could estimate that over 10 g of salt could be possible for a single meal for workers who eat out everyday. A nationwide nutrition campaign and education for low salt diets for restaurant owners and foodservice providers should be seriously considered.
Aged ; Diet ; Eating ; Food Services ; Humans ; Lunch ; Male ; Meals ; Restaurants ; Sodium

OBJECTIVES: Korea faces a number of challenges to meet demands in the area of geriatric professional medicine in a country with a rapidly ageing population. We evaluated the satisfaction and feasibility of the current education certification for geriatric physicians. METHODS: Geriatric physicians who were deemed qualified by the Korean Geriatrics Society during the period of 2001 to 2005 (n=2,200) were asked to complete structured questionnaires sent to them by mail about their satisfaction of and need for certificates of education, as well as their opinions on their geriatric specialty training. A total of 419 physicians responded. Descriptive analysis and hierarchical regression were performed to rate the respondents.satisfaction, the characteristics of the need for clarity and utility in education certification, and the characteristics of their patients. RESULTS: Although most respondents were satisfied with their education certification, those who had more elderly patients, aged 65 or older, and those who had more cognitively impaired patients, rated their education as significantly lower than did other physicians. Both groups expressed the need for more the comprehensive care and assessment concerning of their education. Multiple regression analysis indicated that satisfaction with geriatric physician qualification was associated with a physician's age, specialty, and percentage of elderly patients. CONCLSIONS: This study suggests that the current system of education certification is limited in terms of feasibility and physician satisfaction.
Adult ; Aged ; *Certification ; Education, Medical/*standards ; Female ; Geriatrics/*education/standards ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Influenza is one of the most important diseases that should be monitored for its activities and antigenic changes throughout the world. In Korea, there is a nationwide influenza surveillance system in which 649 sentinel clinics and hospitals (selected by the regional population distribution) have participated. However, there were a few crucial problems due to the low level of participation in the system and the time consuming process of collecting laboratory diagnosis results. To increase the participation and Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) case reporting rate, the internet reporting system of the influenza surveillance was introduced. METHODS: The surveillance data obtained through online were analysed and a questionnaire survey was conducted to sentinel physicians. RESULTS: The average annual participation rate was 53% in the season 2001-2002 and it was increased to 61.8% in 2002-2003. After we introduced the internet reporting system, the annual participating rate rose up to 74.0%. The average annual reporting rate of ILI was 6.9%, 6.6% and 11.4% in the season 2001-2002, 2002-2003 and 2003-2004, respectively. The utility rate of internet reporting system was 62.4%. According to the questionnaire survey (n=109), 57.8% of sentinels answered that the change of reporting system helped to promote the participation rate to the influenza surveillance attributing it to the public advertisement (46.0%) and the convenience of the internet reporting system (30.2%). CONCLUSION: By introducing the internet reporting system which enhances the influenza surveillance, higher rate of sentinel participation can be achieved.
Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Influenza, Human* ; Internet* ; Korea ; Seasons ; Surveys and Questionnaires