Background: Nursing theories help nurses understand the values and beliefs related to human health and support them in providing effective and compassionate care to patients. Nursing theorist Jean Watson defined the relationship between nurses, patients, and their families as an interpersonal interaction, referring to it as a “transpersonal caring relationship.” Currently, there is a lack of studies based on Jean Watson’s theory that examine how nurses’ attitudes and behaviors influence the quality of life of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Therefore, this topic was selected for the present study. Aim: To determine how nurse–patient interaction influences patients undergoing hemodialysis based on Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed using a quantitative survey method. The study included 72 patients undergoing hemodialysis at Medvic Hospital. The Caring Nurse–Patient Interaction Scale (CNPI-70P), patient version, was used to assess attitudes and behaviors in nurse–patient interactions. This instrument was originally developed by Sylvie Cossette in 2005. Official permission to use the patient version of the questionnaire was obtained from the author on March 29, 2023. Data collection was conducted between December 2025 and January 2026. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze subscales, independent sample t-tests were applied to compare group differences, and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to determine relationships among variables. Results: The mean age of the participants was 38.8±10.5 years, with a mean age of 39.3 years for males and 38.1 years for females. The overall evaluation of nurse–patient interaction in nursing care among patients undergoing hemodialysis was at a moderate level (3.78±0.82). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean ages of the two groups (t (70) =0.494, p=0.623). The reliability of the CNPI-70 questionnaire was very high, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.988. Among the subscales, the highest score was observed for “meeting human needs” (M=4.16, SD=0.87), indicating that nurses most frequently supported patients in fulfilling their needs. High scores were also observed for “humanism” (M=4.02, SD=0.80) and “helping relationship” (M=4.00, SD=0.86). In contrast, the lowest score was found for “sensitivity” (M=3.39, SD=1.13), followed by “spirituality” (M=3.47, SD=0.99) and “problem-solving” (M=3.56, SD=1.07), indicating comparatively lower levels in these aspects. The mean scores of the remaining factors ranged from 3.72 to 3.95. Conclusion Nurse–patient interaction among patients undergoing hemodialysis was found to be at a moderate level (3.78±0.82). However, aspects related to understanding patients’ sensitivity, providing emotional support, and meeting spiritual or psychological needs were relatively lower.