Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally, responsible for 17.9 million deaths annually. In Mongolia, as of 2023, CVDs account for 43.7% of total mortality. In line with the global trend of integrating traditional medicine into modern healthcare, Mongolia has increased research into natural, plant-based remedies.
This study focuses on evaluating and standardizing selected natural raw materials commonly used in traditional prescriptions for cardiovascular conditions. The goal is to assess their quality, ensure safety, and support their scientific validation for modern clinical use. The findings aim to contribute to the development of effective, evidence based traditional medicines aligned with national health policy priorities. Methods: All of three medicinal plants (Santalum album L., Myristica fragrans Hountt., Choerospondias axillaris Roxb.) used in this study were purchased from the Chinese. The dried raw materials of all selected plants were authenticated and analyzed using the standards outlined in the Pharmacopoeia of the people’s republic of China 2020 and Japanese pharmacopoeia 18^th edition.
The sample solution showed a spot at the level as the standard santalol, with an Rf value of 0.35. The total volatile oil content of the santalol residue was found to be 3.3% The sample solution showed a spot at the level as the standard myristicin, with an Rf value of 0.6±0.0001 The dehydrodiisoeugenol content in Myristica fragrans was determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the result was /0.17±0.0001/ % The sample solution showed a spot at the level as the standard gallic acid, with an Rf value of 0.7±0.0001 The gallic acid content in Choerospondias axillaris was determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the result was /0.097±0.0001/%. Conclusion According to our research, all raw materials in the Santalum album, Myristica fragrans, Choerospondias axillaris preparation meet the requirements of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s of China.

Abstract The genus Veronica L. of the family Plantaginaceae Juss. comprises approximately 500 species distributed worldwide, particularly across the Northern Hemisphere – Europe, America, Asia, as well as in parts of Africa and Australia. Plants of the genus Veronica and their extracts, infusions, and decoctions are widely used in traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory conditions, coughs, influenza, bronchitis, hoarseness, gout, rheumatoid pain, kidney and gallbladder disorders, and metabolic impairments. The fresh herb is applied in the treatment of wounds, skin eruptions, eczema, ulcers, burns, snakebites, and carbuncles. Water- or oil-based extracts are also used to treat bacterial- or fungal-induced skin diseases.
Currently, more than 1,100 medicinal plants are registered in the Mongolian flora. The chemical composition and certain biological and pharmacological activities of over 10 percent of these species have been scientifically investigated. In Mongolia, 27 species of the genus Veronica are officially recorded. However, research results remain insufficient. Generally, Veronica species, considered grassland plants in Mongolia, are tolerant of harsh climates and adaptable to dry conditions. Therefore, studying their chemical composition and specific characteristics, identifying biologically active components, and evaluating their biological and pharmacological activities is crucial. Such research not only validates their traditional uses but also supports the development of scientifically based new products for the prevention and treatment of ailments in living organisms.

Nepeta sibirica L. or Siberian catmint is a medicinal plant species used in Mongolian traditional medicine for curing human different disorders and veterinary practices. The previous study of the whole plant concentrated on the determination of its essential oil composition and reported that the major ones are sesquiterpenes, including nepetalactone. The aim of this study was to reveal a new biological activity of the above-ground parts of N. sibirica L. and compare the activity of different extracts correlating with the content of biologically active compounds and evaluate their toxicity. For this purpose, anti-oxidative and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the above-ground parts of N. sibirica L. aqueous and ethanol (EtOH) (40%, 70%) extracts were assayed spectrophotometrically. The aqueous extract showed positive anti-oxidative activity by both tested DPPH and FRAP assays with IC 50 134.24 ± 1.42 mg/mL and FRAP value 1385.15 ± 8.12 μmol/L at 200 μg/mL, in contrast to 40% and 70% EtOH extracts. The 70% EtOH extract presented the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC 50 77.29 ± 0.38 mg/mL) followed by 40% EtOH extract (176.72 ± 0.35 mg/mL) and aqueous extract (275.41 ± 0.23 mg/mL). Total phenolics were found to be gallic acid equivalent, % 3.74 ± 0.05 (70% EtOH), 3.94 ± 0.04 (40% EtOH), and 3.79 ± 0.16 (aqueous), whereas the total flavonoids as a rutin equivalent, % as 2.01 ± 0.12, 1.44 ± 0.17 and 1.99 ± 0.02, each. The aqueous extract showed the best antioxidative and lowest activity against the acetylcholinesterase; however, the 70% EtOH extract showed the opposite effects than that of the aqueous. No mortality incidence was visible at various doses, indicating that the oral median lethal dose of aqueous and 70% EtOH extracts were considered greater than 5000 mg/kg. N. sibirica L. belongs to the non-toxic category of the OECD 423 classification.

Abstract The genus Saxifraga, one of the largest genera of the Saxifragaceae family, comprises 540 species and is distributed widely in mountainous and rocky regions, with 12 species being found in Mongolia. Saxifraga spinulosa Adams is a perennial herbaceous plant common in mainland China, Russia, and Mongolia, inhabiting stony marginal terrain. The isolated compounds from Saxifraga spinulosa were screened for DPPH radical-scavenging activity, with Trolox as a positive control (IC₅₀ 23.3 µM). All the new glucosides exhibited potent activities (IC₅₀ 19.0–72.9 µM). A crude ex- tract of S. spinulosa has been reported to display the highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity among numerous Mongolian medicinal plants, which may now be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of the new flavonoid and galloyl group-containing isolated compounds.