BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

With the global population aging, there is an emerging need for access to quality longterm care (LTC) services. Many countries have developed LTC systems while others are at the infancy stage. This paper aimed to provide an overview of the country’s readiness for LTC based on the perspectives of relevant stakeholders. Specifically, it described the roles, initiatives, and challenges of relevant organizations and community leaders for LTC provision. It also described the older persons (OPs) and carers’ perspectives towards LTC including their awareness, capacity, and preferences.

The study utilized a descriptive design using qualitative methods of data collection namely key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). Participating institutions and their designated representatives were purposively sampled as key informants. OPs and carers from select barangays in NCR and Region IVA participated in the FGDs. Guided by the interpretivism approach, thematic analysis was performed. A trained research assistant coded the FGD and KII transcripts through the Nvivo PRO plus software and verified by the first author. Themes were reviewed and validated by the multidisciplinary team.

A total of 15 KIIs and two FGDs were conducted. The participating institutions and organizations were found to have varied roles and initiatives relevant to LTC; from strategic planning, development of policies and standards of care, training and capacity-building, and up to the actual implementation of LTC services. Identified challenges include implementation issues, financial issues, lack of political and stakeholder support, OPs and familial issues, and lack of knowledge on LTC.

Participants shared their description on what LTC is, an LTC facility, and the conditions of those in LTC facility. OPs expressed their willingness to utilize LTC services and identified several factors related to their preferred LTC arrangements. Carers identified various topics related to taking care of OPs that they would like to learn.

The roles, initiatives, and awareness of relevant stakeholders, older persons, and carers towards LTC were found to greatly vary. Policy makers, health workforce, families, communities, and the older persons themselves should have a better understanding of longterm care before they can provide or utilize the system. With the current landscape of LTC provision, the country still has a long way to go in achieving the integrated continuum of LTC appropriate to promote healthy aging. Promoting awareness, integrating LTC in the current programs and services for older persons in the country, capacitating the formal and non-formal caregivers, and strengthening collaborations are recommended.

Further research on quantitative measures of readiness for long-term care with focus on the health system and in-depth studies on the varieties or models of long-term care are recommended.

Background and Objectives With the global population aging, there is an emerging need for access to quality longterm care (LTC) services. Many countries have developed LTC systems while others are at the infancy stage. This paper aimed to provide an overview of the country’s readiness for LTC based on the perspectives of relevant stakeholders. Specifically, it described the roles, initiatives, and challenges of relevant organizations and community leaders for LTC provision. It also described the older persons (OPs) and carers’ perspectives towards LTC including their awareness, capacity, and preferences.
Home Care Services ; Long-Term Care ; Nursing Homes ; Philippines

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to design services for improving the quality of care of hospitalized children with acute diseases.METHODS: The service design process had four phases: discovery, definition, development, and delivery. The participants were 23 mothers of hospitalized children with an acute disease, and seven nurses and three doctors working at a pediatric hospital. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and observations. The data were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistics.RESULTS: The participants reported needs for explanations about the treatment, skillful nursing, and environmental improvements. The concept of the services was familiarity and enjoyment, aimed at solving the problems of unfamiliarity and boredom. A six-guideline was presented for improving the quality of care of hospitalized children with acute diseases: improvement of awareness, development of educational materials, improvement of skills, environmental improvements, play activities, and evaluations of user satisfaction.CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that nursing services should deliver familiarity and enjoyment to hospitalized children and their families. The findings of this study emphasize that the service design methodology can be used to improve the quality of care of hospitalized children with acute diseases.
Acute Disease ; Boredom ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Humans ; Mothers ; Nursing ; Nursing Service, Hospital ; Nursing Services ; Quality of Health Care ; Recognition (Psychology)

PURPOSE: The role of registered nurses is expanding in scope as the healthcare paradigm shifts from acute, hospital-based care to community and population-based care. Given this paradigm shift, this study explores the legal aspects of the role of a registered nurse.METHODS: We used document analysis for extracting laws and legal orders related to nursing from the entirety of Korean law. Using textualism approach, we examined the contents utilizing a framework that was developed based on the role classification of community nurses by Clark in this study.RESULTS: A total of 119 items related to nursing were derived from 64 laws. Of these, 71.4 % can be performed by people in multiple types of occupations including nurses. As a result of analyzing required qualifications, 45.4% of 119 items required additional qualifications besides registered nurse license. Analysis of workplace and activity type demonstrated that 26.1% of the 119 items were related to medical institutions, with nurses performing mostly “Client-oriented role.” More than half (68.9%) were non-medical institutions, with nurses performing mostly “Delivery-oriented role.” Some, however, did not stipulate the nurse's roles clearly.CONCLUSION: Therefore, to match the enhanced scope and responsibilities of registered nurses and to appropriately recognize, guide, and hold these nurses accountable, laws and policy must reflect these changes. In doing so, these updated laws and policies will ultimately serve as a basis for improving the quality and safety of nursing services.
Classification ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Legislation, Nursing ; Licensure ; Nurse's Role ; Nurses ; Nursing ; Nursing Services ; Occupations ; Republic of Korea

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to identify to identify the nursing needs and stress levels among spouses of women hospitalized with preterm labor, and to determine factors influencing spousal stress.METHODS: Data were collected from 95 spouses of hospitalized pregnant women due to preterm labor at a hospital in Gyeonggi province from June to December of 2016. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression.RESULTS: The mean score of spouses' nursing needs was 3.06±0.42 and stress was 1.85±0.44 out of 4.00. The highest score of nursing needs was 3.37±0.51 in assurance and the highest score for stress was 2.26±0.72 for patient's illness and prognosis. There was a significant positive correlation between stress in spouse and nursing needs (p=.004). Stress was explained by nursing needs (β=.28) and hospitalization days (β=.21).CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that appropriate nursing interventions are required to address the nursing needs at the beginning of hospitalization and to reduce the stress among spouses of hospitalized pregnant women diagnosed with preterm labor.
Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Nursing ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prognosis ; Spouses ; Stress, Psychological

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of transitional care by a nurse-led multidisciplinary team (MDT) on clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. METHODS: A randomized control study design was used. Subjects were allocated randomly to an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received intensive transitional care by a nurse-led MDT, whereas the control group received routine nursing care. Disease activity, spinal mobility, comprehensive function, health service utilization, and quality of life were assessed at the baseline and at six months with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), a health service utilization questionnaire and version 2 of the Short Form-36 health survey. RESULTS: Compared with the baseline, the BASDAI, BASFI, emergency visits, hospitalizations, hospitalization days, and bodily pain, vitality, mental health, total score, and average score of version 2 of the Short Form-36 health survey were improved in the experimental group (p < .05), whereas only bodily pain, vitality, and role-emotional were improved in the control group p < .05). At six months, the experimental group exhibited significantly more improvement on the BASDAI, BASFI, hospitalizations, all domains except Role-physical as well as total score and average score p < .05) compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: A MDT-based nurse-led transitional care improves clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Future research should be carried out on modes of follow-up and family support.
Baths ; Emergencies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health Services ; Health Surveys ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Nursing Care ; Patient Care Team ; Quality of Life ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; Transitional Care

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to review the literature on intervention studies for abused children and adolescent in residential facilities in South Korea (ACARF-K). The goal was to understand the problems they experience, to evaluate the content and effectiveness of interventions applied to them, and to develop evidence-based nursing intervention programs. METHODS: We used four electronic databases to search for relevant articles. 18 studies according to Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review method to synthesize the literature. RESULTS: The ACARF-K experienced problems in biophysical, psychological, and sociocultural domains related to attachment impairment. Effective intervention strategies were building trust through empathy and fulfillment of needs, encouraging ACARF-K to express themselves and helping them to clarify emotions in an unthreatening environment, and improving their self-concept through activities in which they experienced achievement. CONCLUSION: Interventions are needed to help restore attachment damage among ACARF-K. The interventions in this study utilized emotional, cognitive, relational, and behavioral therapeutic tools to improve their psychological and social capacities. Future intervention programs for ACARF-K should include these key elements.
Adolescent ; Child Abuse ; Child Protective Services ; Child ; Domestic Violence ; Emergency Shelter ; Empathy ; Evidence-Based Nursing ; Group Homes ; Humans ; Korea ; Methods ; Residential Facilities

OBJECTIVES: We searched and reviewed the literature including the laws or acts, statistics, guidelines, papers and conference proceedings related to home visit nursing care in South Korea. METHOD: We searched and reviewed the literature including the laws or acts, statistics, guidelines, papers and conference proceedings related to home visit nursing care in Korea. RESULTS: There are three types of home care nursing in Korea. Public health center provides home visit nursing to vulnerable population by registered nurses for free, based on community health act in public health center. As of 2017, 1,261,208 people were enrolled in the visiting health program of public health center. Health behavior and disease management has been improved and showed having cost-benefit effect among the enrolled people in visiting health program. Visiting nursing care in long-term care services is provided by registered nurses or nurse aid, based on long-term care act. The cost is paid as the unit price according to service time. 1,095,764 older people used long-term care services in 2017, only 0.2% of total cost used for home visiting nursing. Even though the number of user of home visiting nursing, it was reported that users spent less medical cost and hospitalized shorter. Hospital-based home care nursing is provided to patients and their families under the prescription of a doctor by family nurse specialists who are employed by medical institute based on medical law. Four hundred sixty family nurse specialists worked for hospital-based home care nursing and hospital-based home care services accounted for 0.038% of total medical expenses in 2017. CONCLUSION: Even though home visit nursing care services are different in aspect of legal basis, personnel, running institutes, and cost basis, home visit nursing care showed cost-benefit effect and good health outcomes. In order to advance home visit nursing care, the integrated home visiting care, improvement of working condition, and revision of legal basis should be considered.
Academies and Institutes ; Disease Management ; Health Behavior ; Home Care Services ; Home Care Services, Hospital-Based ; House Calls ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Long-Term Care ; Methods ; Nurses ; Nursing Care ; Nursing ; Prescriptions ; Public Health ; Running ; Specialization ; Vulnerable Populations

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an informational leaflet on emergency care and to explore effects of facilitative nurse-patient interaction behavior using an informational leaflet on patient satisfaction with nurse-patient interaction behavior, patient anxiety, and patient satisfaction with use of emergency care. METHODS: This study was a quasi-experimental study that applied a nonequivalent control-group posttest-only design. The participants were 81 patients who visited the emergency department of a hospital in Korea; the experimental group (n=40) received facilitative nurse-patient interaction behavior using an informational leaflet, and the control group (n=41) received care under routine protocols without an information leaflet. The effects of the two groups were analyzed using an independent t-test with SPSS computer program. RESULTS: Patient satisfaction with nurse-patient interaction behavior and use of emergency care in the experimental group were significantly higher than in the control group. Patient anxiety related to using emergency care in the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group. CONCLUSION: Therefore, facilitative nurse-patient interaction behavior using an informational leaflet to the patient may be useful interventions that are easily implemented by nurses in emergency settings.
Anxiety ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Nursing ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Korea ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Nurse-Patient Relations ; Patient Satisfaction

PURPOSE: Although emergency care is one of the most important capabilities for novice nurses, many novice nurses have shown difficulty in emergency care in the clinical field. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence data for the future development of educational programs by analyzing the priorities in emergency care of novice nurses using the Importance-Performance Analysis. METHODS: This study was designed as a descriptive survey. The participants were 197 novice nurses who worked in general hospitals from August 1 to 31, 2018. The questionnaire consisted of ‘common emergency care’, ‘cardiovascular emergency care’, ‘nervous system emergency care’, ‘respiratory system emergency care’, ‘communication and teamwork competency’. RESULTS: As a result of this study, ‘communication and teamwork’ among emergency cares was evaluated as the most important capability in the clinical field. In the Importance-Performance Analysis, a total of 12 items were included in the quadrant A, including 5 items related to ‘cardiovascular emergency care’, 4 items to ‘respiratory system emergency care’, 2 items to ‘nervous system emergency care’ and 1 item to ‘common emergency care’. The results showed a need for intensive improvement in items included in quadrant A which are the high importance low performance items. CONCLUSION: In order to improve the emergency care of novice nurses, a variety of emergency care education programs on the nervous system and respiratory system care should be implemented as well as cardiovascular emergency care education.
Clinical Competence ; Education ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Nursing ; Hospitals, General ; Nervous System ; Respiratory System