Objective: To investigate the nutritional status and influencing factors among Tibetan and Mongolian children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in high-altitude regions, so as to provide evidence for early prevention and control of malnutrition in this population. Methods: From May to June 2022, a cluster sampling method was employed to recruit 1 019 Tibetan and Mongolian children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from two primary and secondary schools in Golmud City. Physical examinations, dietary frequency questionnaires, and physical activity assessments were conducted. Nutritional status was classified as obesity, combined overweight/obesity, underweight, or central obesity according to national standards including Screening for Overweight and Obesity among School-age Children and Adolescents, Screening Standard for Malnutrition of School-age Children and Adolescents, Blue Book on Obesity Prevention and Control in China. Chi-square tests, t-test and Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with different nutritional statuses. Results: The detection rates of obesity, combined overweight/obesity, underweight, and central obesity were 8.0%, 18.1%, 5.2%, and 19.7%, respectively. The height of children and adolescents across all age groups was generally lower than the national standard values. Tibetan participants exhibited significantly lower height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ)(9-10, 13-17 years, Z =2.01, 2.78, 4.16, 3.38, 4.12, 3.63, 3.00) and BMI-for-age Z-scores (BAZ) compared to Mongolian participants ( Z =-2.95, -2.47, -2.31, -2.89, -2.14, -2.17)( P < 0.05 ). Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that Mongolian children and adolescents had higher risks of obesity ( OR =2.20) and combined overweight/obesity ( OR = 2.18 ) ( P <0.05). Additionally, insufficient moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with an increased risk of central obesity ( OR =1.48, P <0.05), compared with children and adolescents who meet the standard of MVPA. Conclusions The rates of overweight and obesity among Tibetan and Mongolian children and adolescents in Golmud City are higher, influenced by multiple factors. Nutrition interventions and physical activity strategies tailored to ethnic characteristics should be implemented, with emphasis on promoting MVPA to improve nutritional outcomes in this population.

Objective To explore the role of miR-429 in synovial mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(SMSC-Exos)in repairing cartilage damage in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJ OA)by extracting SMSC-Exos from human synovial tissue and screening differentially expressed microRNA(miRNA)through transcriptome sequencing.Methods Human synovial tissues were obtained from 6 patients who underwent surgery at the First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital from June to December 2023,including 3 patients with osteoarthritis(OA group)and 3 control patients(control group),all of whom were male.SMSC-Exos were extracted from the synovial tissues for miRNA sequencing and differential expression analysis.Further,Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses were performed on the target genes of differentially expressed miRNA to identify key functional miRNA and construct miRNA-target gene regulatory networks and protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks of target genes.An in vitro model of rabbit condylar cartilage cell inflammatory microenvironment induced by interleukin-1β(IL-1β)was established,with the control group cultured in DMEM/F12 basic medium and the inflammation-induced group cultured in DMEM/F12 basic medium containing 10 ng/ml IL-1β.RT-qPCR was used to detect the effects of overexpressed target miRNA on the mRNA expression levels of cartilage phenotype factors such as type Ⅱ collagen α1 chain(Col2a1),aggrecan(Acan),as well as inflammatory factors including a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5(Adamts5)and cyclooxygenase-2(Cox-2).Results(1)SMSC-Exos were successfully isolated,cultured,and identified.(2)miRNA sequencing of SMSC-Exos from OA and control groups revealed 16 differentially expressed miRNAs(|log2FC|>2,P<0.05).Compared with control group,7 miRNAs were up-regulated and 9 were down-regulated in OA group.GO and KEGG analysis indicated that the target genes of miR-429 were mainly involved in development process,anatomical structure development,system development,cell development and differentiation,and were enriched in inflammation-related pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B(PI3K-Akt).(3)Functional validation of miR-429 in the rabbit condylar cartilage cell inflammatory model showed that overexpression of miR-429 increased the mRNA expression levels of Col2a1 and Acan(P<0.05)and decreased the mRNA expression levels of Adamts5 and Cox-2(P<0.05)in the inflammation-induced group.Conclusions miRNA sequencing of SMSC-Exos isolated and identified from human synovial tissues reveals a specific miRNA expression profile in OA patients,with miR-429 significantly down-regulated.Functional validation demonstrates that overexpression of miR-429 has reparative and anti-inflammatory effects on condylar cartilage cells in an inflammatory microenvironment.

BackgroundMobile phone addiction among college students seriously impairs their physical and psychological health and has garnered growing social concern. Although both social anxiety and alienation are closely associated with mobile phone addiction， the mediating role of alienation in the relationship between social anxiety and mobile phone addiction， as well as its various dimensions， remains insufficiently explored. ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of social anxiety on mobile phone addiction and its dimensions among college students， and to examine the mediating role of alienation， thereby providing references for the prevention and intervention in mobile phone addiction in this population. MethodsIn June 2024， a cluster random sampling method was employed to select 850 college students from two universities in Heilongjiang Province. Participants completed the Interaction Anxiousness Scale （IAS）， the Mobile Phone Addiction Index （MPAI）， and the Adolescent Students' Alienation Scale （ASAS）. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between the scores on each scale. Mediation analysis examining the role of alienation in the relationship between social anxiety and mobile phone addiction including its dimensions were conducted using model 4 of the process macro version 3.3 in SPSS. ResultsA total of 796 valid questionnaires were recovered， yielding an effective response rate of 93.65%. The IAS total score was positively correlated with MPAI total score and all its subscale scores including loss of control， withdrawal， avoidance， and inefficiency （r=0.303， 0.207， 0.237， 0.208， 0.340， P<0.01）. The ASAS total score also showed positive correlations with the MPAI score and its subscales （r=0.506， 0.394， 0.439， 0.343， 0.470， P<0.01）. Additionally， the IAS total score was positively correlated with ASAS total score （r=0.461， P<0.01）. Alienation played a mediating role between social anxiety and mobile phone addiction as well as its subscales， with indirect effects of 0.215 （95% CI： 0.167–0.266）， 0.189 （95% CI： 0.147–0.239）， 0.161 （95% CI： 0.119–0.206）， 0.145 （95% CI： 0.103–0.191）， and 0.194 （95% CI： 0.149–0.242）， accounting for 76.51%， 82.17%， 87.98%， 74.36%， and 60.25% of the total effects， respectively. ConclusionSocial anxiety among college students not only exerts a direct effect on mobile phone addiction and its dimensions， but also indirectly influences them through the mediating role of alienation. ［Funded by Youth Project of Heilongjiang Province Philosophy and Social Sciences Research Planning （number， 25SHC011）； Teaching Research Project of Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology in 2025 （number， JY25-27）］

Objective To explore the value of quantitative chest CT in early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods The clinical data of 138 cases of COPD high-risk patients in Shanghai community and COPD high-risk respondents in outpatient clinic of Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University from September 20,2013 to May 20,2014 were retrospectively analyzed.All high-risk participants underwent pulmonary function and chest CT examination at baseline and 1 year later.Chest CT images were imported into quantitative CT analysis software to collect quantitative CT data.These participants were divided into COPD group(n=40)and non-COPD group(n=98)based on their lung functions after 1 year.The differences in baseline lung function and quantitative CT measurements between the two groups were compared.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the predictors of COPD in high-risk individuals after 1 year of follow-up,and the efficacy of the logistic regression model was evaluated by ROC curve.Results There were no significant differences in gender,body mass index(BMI),the percentage value of forced expiratory volume in 1 second predicted(FEV1%pred),airway wall area ratio(WA%),total airway count(TAC),and airway wall thickness(WT)between the two groups at baseline.Compared to the non-COPD group,the square root of the tracheal wall area at 10 mm from the inner circumference of the airway(Pi10),(3.43[3.30,3.54]vs 3.23[3.15,3.36],P＜0.001),and the percentage area of low attenuation regions below ﹣950 HU(LAA%﹣950),(2.06[0.32,6.29]vs 0.57[0.25,1.89],P=0.015)were significantly higher in the COPD group.The mean lung density(MLD)in the COPD group was lower than that in the non-COPD group([﹣799.89±35.62]vs[﹣783.60±43.52],P=0.038).Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that age and Pi10 were risk factors for COPD(P＜0.05),with an area under the ROC curve of 0.791(95%CI 0.714-0.868).Conclusions In the COPD high-risk population with normal lung function,patients with elevated Pi10 and LAA%﹣950 have a higher incidence of COPD one year later,suggesting that quantitative chest CT measurements such as Pi10 and LAA%﹣950 can assist clinicians in identifying early-stage COPD.

Objective To explore the influence of extracellular matrix protein ABI-interactor 3-binding protein(ABI3BP)on vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV)genome replication and innate immune signaling pathway. Methods The small interfering RNA(siRNA)was transfected to knock down ABI3BP gene in human skin fibroblast BJ-5ta cells.VSV-green fluorescent protein(VSV-GFP)-infected cell model was established.The morphological changes and F-actin stress fiber formation were detected on ABI3BP knockdown cells by phalloidin immunofluorescence staining.The mRNA level of virus replication was detected by RT-qPCR in BJ-5ta cells after VSV-GFP infection;western blotting was performed to detect the changes in interferon regulatory factor 3(IRF3)andTANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1)phosphorylation levels. Results The VSV-GFP-infected BJ-5ta cell model was successfully established.Efficient knockdown of ABI3BP in BJ-5ta cells was achieved.Phalloidin immunofluorescence staining revealed structural rearrangement of intracellular F-actin after ABI3BP gene knockdown.Compared with the control group,the gene copy number of VSV-GFP in ABI3BP knockdown cells increased by 2.2-3.5 times(P＜0.01)and 2.2-4.0 times(P＜0.01)respectively when infected with VSV of multiplicity of infection 0.1 and 1.The expression of viral protein significantly increased in ABI3BP knockdown cells after virus infection.The activation of type-Ⅰ interferon pathway,as determined by phosphorylated IRF3 and phosphorylated TBK1,was significantly decreased in ABI3BP knockdown cells after VSV-GFP infection. Conclusions Extracellular matrix protein ABI3BP plays an important role in maintaining the formation and rearrangement of actin structure.ABI3BP gene deletion promotes RNA virus replication,and ABI3BP is an important molecule that maintains the integrity of type Ⅰ interferon pathway.

BACKGROUND: Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is a kind of endogenous tissue engineering technology that lengthens the jaw and opens airway so that a patient can breathe safely and comfortably on his or her own. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are crucial for MDO-related angiogenesis. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that heat shock protein 20 (Hsp20) modulates angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions. However, the specific role of Hsp20 in EPCs, in the context of MDO, is not yet known. The aim of this study was to explore the expression of Hsp20 during MDO and the effects of Hsp20 on EPCs under hypoxia. METHODS: Mandibular distraction osteogenesis and mandibular bone defect (MBD) canine model were established. The expression of CD34, CD133, HIF-1α, and Hsp20 in callus was detected by immunofluorescence on day 14 after surgery. Canine bone marrow EPCs were cultured, with or without optimal cobalt chloride (CoCl2 ) concentration. Hypoxic effects, caused by CoCl2 , were evaluated by means of the cell cycle, cell apoptosis, transwell cell migration, and tube formation assays. The Hsp20/KDR/PI3K/Akt expression levels were evaluated via immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and western blot. Next, EPCs were incorporated with either Hsp20-overexpression or Hsp20-siRNA lentivirus. The resulting effects were evaluated as described above. RESULTS: CD34, CD133, HIF-1α, and Hsp20 were displayed more positive in the callus of MDO compared with MBD. In addition, hypoxic conditions, generated by 0.1 mM CoCl2 , in canine EPCs, accelerated cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, and Hsp20 expression. Hsp20 overexpression in EPCs significantly stimulated cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation, whereas Hsp20 inhibition produced the opposite effect. Additionally, the molecular mechanism was partly dependent on the KDR/PI3K/Akt pathway. CONCLUSION In summary, herein, we present a novel mechanism of Hsp20-mediated regulation of canine EPCs via Akt activation in a hypoxic microenvironment.

Objective To identify related factors for hypoglycemic episodes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)through continuous glucose monitoring(CGM). Methods The included 147 patients with T2DM were those who had undergone CGM for 5 days in our ward of Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,Huashan Hospital from Dec 2018 to Oct 2019. The general information, laboratory parameters and CGM parameters of the patients were collected. According to whether there wasan episode of hypoglycemia during the monitoring period,the patients were divided into non-hypoglycemia group and hypoglycemic group. A single hypoglycemia episode was defined as a sensor monitoring blood glucose of less than 3.9 mmol/L and lasting for more than 15 minutes.CGM parameters included the mean blood glucose(MBG),standard deviation(SD),coefficient of variation(CV),the differences between maximum and minimum blood glucose (BG) levels (ΔBG),mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)and the percentage of time in range(％TIR)of BG at <3.9 mmol/L,3.9-7.8 mmol/L,>7.8 mmol/L,3.9-10.0 mmol/L,and >10.0 mmol/L. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that lower estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)levels,increased use of insulin and its analogs and lower MBG levels were associated with hypoglycemic episodes. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the MBG level and the ％TIR of BG>7.8 mmol/L and BG>10.0 mmol/L were negatively associated while glycemic variability(GV)levels(SD,CV,ΔBG,MAGE)and ％ TIR of BG at 3.9-7.8 mmol/L were positively associated with hypoglycemic episodes. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the duration of hypoglycemic episodes was positively correlated with the use of sulfonylureas and CV levels. Conclusion Lower eGFR levels,increased treatment with insulin and its analogs and lower MBG levels were related factors for hypoglycemic episodes in patients with T2DM.

This article reviews the specific application of wearable devices in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , application effects and problems in the application process, which aims to provide references for designing wearable devices and their applications suitable for COPD patients.

The capacity for thermal tolerance is critical for industrial enzyme. In the past decade, great efforts have been made to endow wild-type enzymes with higher catalytic activity or thermostability using gene engineering and protein engineering strategies. In this study, a recently developed SpyTag/SpyCatcher system, mediated by isopeptide bond-ligation, was used to modify a rumen microbiota-derived xylanase XYN11-6 as cyclized and stable enzyme C-XYN11-6. After incubation at 60, 70 or 80 ℃ for 10 min, the residual activities of C-XYN11-6 were 81.53%, 73.98% or 64.41%, which were 1.48, 2.92 or 3.98-fold of linear enzyme L-XYN11-6, respectively. After exposure to 60-90°C for 10 min, the C-XYN11-6 remained as soluble in suspension, while L-XYN11-6 showed severely aggregation. Intrinsic and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS)-binding fluorescence analysis revealed that C-XYN11-6 was more capable of maintaining its conformation during heat challenge, compared with L-XYN11-6. Interestingly, molecular cyclization also conferred C-XYN11-6 with improved resilience to 0.1-50 mmol/L Ca²⁺ or 0.1 mmol/L Cu²⁺ treatment. In summary, we generated a thermal- and ion-stable cyclized enzyme using SpyTag/SpyCatcher system, which will be of particular interest in engineering of enzymes for industrial application.
Animals ; Cyclization ; Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Enzyme Stability ; Industrial Microbiology ; methods ; Microbiota ; Protein Engineering ; Rumen ; enzymology ; microbiology ; Temperature