This paper summarizes professor BAI Yanping's clinical experience in treating rosacea. It is believed that stagnant heat in cutaneous collaterals serves as the core pathogenesis of rosacea， and the interbinding of static blood and heat as well as blockage of cutaneous collaterals constitute the key pathological links. The core therapeutic principles consist of nourishing blood， activating blood circulation to resolve stasis， clearing heat， relieving stagnation and unblocking collaterals. In clinic， Wenqing Decoction （温清饮） is adopted as the basic formula， with flexible modifications according to distinct clinical syndromes and stages of rosacea. Based on clinical syndromes， for erythematotelangiectatic rosacea， the treatment should focus on activating blood to unblock collaterals， clearing heat and cooling blood； for papulopustular rosacea， the treatment should focus on clearing heat and resolving toxins， and resolving stasis and dissipating masses； for hypertrophic phymatous rosacea， the treatment should simultaneously softening hard masses， dissipating stagnation， nourishing blood and moisturizing the skin； for ocular rosacea， the treatment should prioritize clearing liver heat to improve eyesight， unblocking orifices and eliminating heat. Based on the stages， in acute phase， heat-clearing， detoxifying and blood-cooling therapies are emphasized； for protracted chronic phase， concurrent regulation of static blood and heat plus blood-nourishing and collateral-unblocking methods are applied； the consolidation stage targets invigorating the spleen and replenishing qi to strengthen vital resistance and eliminate pathogenic factors. Meanwhile， precise compatibility of aromatic medicinals， blood-level medicinals and channel-guiding medicinals is highly valued. The therapy should balance systemic regulation and local lesion care， and combine internal and external treatment， which may provides clinical references for TCM intervention of rosacea.

This paper summarizes professor BAI Yanping's clinical experience in treating rosacea. It is believed that stagnant heat in cutaneous collaterals serves as the core pathogenesis of rosacea， and the interbinding of static blood and heat as well as blockage of cutaneous collaterals constitute the key pathological links. The core therapeutic principles consist of nourishing blood， activating blood circulation to resolve stasis， clearing heat， relieving stagnation and unblocking collaterals. In clinic， Wenqing Decoction （温清饮） is adopted as the basic formula， with flexible modifications according to distinct clinical syndromes and stages of rosacea. Based on clinical syndromes， for erythematotelangiectatic rosacea， the treatment should focus on activating blood to unblock collaterals， clearing heat and cooling blood； for papulopustular rosacea， the treatment should focus on clearing heat and resolving toxins， and resolving stasis and dissipating masses； for hypertrophic phymatous rosacea， the treatment should simultaneously softening hard masses， dissipating stagnation， nourishing blood and moisturizing the skin； for ocular rosacea， the treatment should prioritize clearing liver heat to improve eyesight， unblocking orifices and eliminating heat. Based on the stages， in acute phase， heat-clearing， detoxifying and blood-cooling therapies are emphasized； for protracted chronic phase， concurrent regulation of static blood and heat plus blood-nourishing and collateral-unblocking methods are applied； the consolidation stage targets invigorating the spleen and replenishing qi to strengthen vital resistance and eliminate pathogenic factors. Meanwhile， precise compatibility of aromatic medicinals， blood-level medicinals and channel-guiding medicinals is highly valued. The therapy should balance systemic regulation and local lesion care， and combine internal and external treatment， which may provides clinical references for TCM intervention of rosacea.

The disturbance of the human microbiota influences the occurrence and progression of many diseases. Live therapeutic bacteria, with their genetic manipulability, anaerobic tendencies, and immunomodulatory properties, are emerging as promising therapeutic agents. However, their clinical applications face challenges in maintaining activity and achieving precise spatiotemporal release, particularly in the harsh gastrointestinal environment. This review highlights the innovative bacterial functionalized encapsulation strategies developed through advances in physicochemical and biological techniques. We comprehensively review how bacterial encapsulation strategies can be used to provide physical barriers and enhanced adhesion properties to live microorganisms, while introducing superior material properties to live bacteria. In addition, this review outlines how bacterial surface coating can facilitate targeted delivery and precise spatiotemporal release of live bacteria. Furthermore, it elucidates their potential applications for treating different diseases, along with critical perspectives on challenges in clinical translation. This review comprehensively analyzes the connection between functionalized bacterial encapsulation and innovative biomedical applications, providing a theoretical reference for the development of next-generation bacterial therapies.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between GPSM2 expression level and gastric cancer progression and analyze the functional pathways and action mechanism of GPSM2. METHODS: We analyzed GPSM2 expression levels in gastric cancer tumors based on data from the GEPIA database and the clinical data of 109 patients. Public databases enrichment analysis were used to assess the impact of GPSM2 expression level on survival outcomes and the functional pathways and action mechanism of GPSM2. We further observed the effects of GPSM2 knockdown and overexpression on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of MGC803 cells using CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry and immunoblotting and on the growth of MGC803 cell xenografts in nude mice. RESULTS: Bioinformatic analysis and immunohistochemical staining of the clinical specimens both revealed high GPSM2 expressions in gastric cancer (P<0.01). A high GPSM2 expression was significantly correlated with T3-4 stages, N2-3 stages, a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level ≥5 μg/L, and a carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 level ≥37 kU/L (P<0.05). Cox regression analysis identified high GPSM2 expression as an independent risk factor affecting 5-year survival of the patients (P<0.05). Gene ontology (GO) analysis suggested that GPSM2 was involved in cell cycle regulation. In MGC803 cells, GPSM2 overexpression significantly promoted cell proliferation and G1/S transition and xenograft growth in nude mice. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that GPSM2 executed its biological functions by regulating the p53 signaling pathway, which was confirmed by the results of immunoblotting experiments showing suppression of p53 signaling pathway activity in GPSM2-over expressing MGC803 cells. CONCLUSIONS GPSM2 is highly expressed in gastric cancer to affect patient prognosis by promoting tumor cell proliferation and G1/S transition possibly via inhibiting the p53 pathway.
Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Humans ; Cell Proliferation ; Prognosis ; Animals ; Mice, Nude ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Mice ; Apoptosis ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism* ; Cell Movement

Epimedium sagittatum is a perennial herb of Berberidaceae. Its leaves have a long history of medicinal use in China. This plant is widely used as a Chinese traditional medicine，with the main functions of tonifying kidney Yang，strengthening bones and muscles，and dispelling wind and dampness. It can be used for treating kidney Yang deficiency，impotence，spermatorrhea，flaccidity of bones and muscles，rheumatic arthralgia，numbness，and spasms. The chemical constituents of this plant include flavonoids，polysaccharides，lignans，and alkaloids. Flavonoids are the main active ingredients. These compounds show a wide range of biological activities，including cartilage repair，anti-aging，anti-fatigue，cough-relieving，blood glucose-lowering，and anti-tumor effects. Modern pharmacological research has shown that E. sagittatum has definite pharmacological effects on the reproductive system，respiratory system，nervous system，cardiovascular system，skeletal system，etc. It has remarkable effects of helping pregnancy，resisting osteoporosis，controlling diabetes，improving immunity，and inhibiting tumor. Under the background of advocating one health and Chinese medicine，E. sagittatum is widely used in health care products，serving as the main raw material of various products. It has great market potential and is a Chinese medicinal herb with great clinical application and research value. This paper reviews the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of E. sagittatum based on domestic and foreign reports， providing a theoretical basis for further study on E. sagittatum and its safe clinical application.

Epimedium sagittatum is a perennial herb of Berberidaceae. Its leaves have a long history of medicinal use in China. This plant is widely used as a Chinese traditional medicine，with the main functions of tonifying kidney Yang，strengthening bones and muscles，and dispelling wind and dampness. It can be used for treating kidney Yang deficiency，impotence，spermatorrhea，flaccidity of bones and muscles，rheumatic arthralgia，numbness，and spasms. The chemical constituents of this plant include flavonoids，polysaccharides，lignans，and alkaloids. Flavonoids are the main active ingredients. These compounds show a wide range of biological activities，including cartilage repair，anti-aging，anti-fatigue，cough-relieving，blood glucose-lowering，and anti-tumor effects. Modern pharmacological research has shown that E. sagittatum has definite pharmacological effects on the reproductive system，respiratory system，nervous system，cardiovascular system，skeletal system，etc. It has remarkable effects of helping pregnancy，resisting osteoporosis，controlling diabetes，improving immunity，and inhibiting tumor. Under the background of advocating one health and Chinese medicine，E. sagittatum is widely used in health care products，serving as the main raw material of various products. It has great market potential and is a Chinese medicinal herb with great clinical application and research value. This paper reviews the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of E. sagittatum based on domestic and foreign reports， providing a theoretical basis for further study on E. sagittatum and its safe clinical application.

BACKGROUND: Bile acids (BAs) facilitate the progression of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) dysregulation was observed along with the initiation of gastric cancer. However, how lncRNAs function in GIM remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of lncRNA PVT1 in GIM, and provide a potential therapeutic target for GIM treatment. METHODS: We employed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to screen dysregulated lncRNAs in gastric epithelial cells after BA treatment. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to reveal the regulatory mechanism. PVT1 expression was detected in 21 paired biopsies obtained under endoscopy. Overexpressed and knockdown cell models were established to explore gene functions in GIM. Molecular interactions were validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (Ch-IP). The levels of relative molecular expression were detected in GIM tissues. RESULTS: We confirmed that lncRNA PVT1 was upregulated in BA-induced GIM model. PVT1 promoted the expression of intestinal markers such as CDX2 , KLF4 , and HNF4α . Bioinformatics analysis revealed that miR-34b-5p was a putative target of PVT1 . miR-34b-5p mimics increased CDX2 , KLF4 , and HNF4α levels. Restoration of miR-34b-5p decreased the pro-metaplastic effect of PVT1 . The interactions between PVT1 , miR-34b-5p, and the downstream target HNF4α were validated. Moreover, HNF4α could transcriptionally activated PVT1 , sustaining the GIM phenotype. Finally, the activation of the PVT1 /miR-34b-5p/ HNF4α loop was detected in GIM tissues. CONCLUSIONS BAs facilitate GIM partially via a PVT1/miR-34b-5p/HNF4α positive feedback loop. PVT1 may become a novel target for blocking the continuous development of GIM and preventing the initiation of gastric cancer in patients with bile reflux.
Humans ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism* ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4/genetics* ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Kruppel-Like Factor 4 ; Metaplasia/metabolism*

Objective:To investigate the relationship between screen time and content, and the mental health status of adolescents. The findings will inform the formulation of targeted intervention policies to enhance adolescent mental health.Methods:Between September and November 2023, 5 197 students from 64 junior high, senior high, and vocational schools across 13 districts in Wuhan were recruited, using the stratified whole-cluster random sampling to investigate their screen behavior and mental health status. Mental health status was measured using the Mental Health Inventory for Chinese Middle School Students (MMHI-60). A generalized additive model was used to explore the nonlinear association between screen time and mental health status. Additionally, a mixed-effects model was utilized to explore the dose-response associations between average daily total screen time, screen time for different content types, and adolescents' mental health status and the impact of the proportion of different screen contents on mental health outcomes.Results:The age of the participants was (14.40±1.48) years, with 56.07% being boys. The MMHI-60 score averaged 1.73±0.70. The M( Q1,Q3) for daily total screen time was 50.00 (0.00,128.57) minutes. The M( Q1,Q3) for screen time dedicated to gaming, studying, socializing, and watching videos were 0.00 (0.00, 20.00), 8.57 (1.64, 44.50), 4.28 (0.00, 30.00), and 0.00 (0.00, 25.71) minutes, respectively. A non-linear association was observed between average daily screen time and adolescent mental health problem score, 0-1 hour of daily screen time was beneficial for adolescent mental, compared to no screen time. However, screen time exceeding 1 hour was detrimental, with the negative impact increasing alongside screen time duration. When total daily screen time was held constant, the proportion of time spent on gaming ( β=0.14, 95% CI: 0.05-0.23, P=0.003) and video ( β=0.21, 95% CI: 0.09-0.28, P<0.001) was positively correlated with mental health problems, whereas the proportion of time spent on studying was negatively correlated with mental health problems ( β=-0.17, 95% CI: -0.24 - -0.11, P<0.001). Conclusions:Moderate screen time is advantageous for adolescent mental health. However, it is crucial to minimize the proportion of screen time dedicated to video and gaming activities to mitigate potential adverse effects.

Objective To quantitatively measure the density of hydroxyapatite(HAP)(water)within lumbar vertebral bodies using the gemstone spectral imaging(GSI)material decomposition technique and to compare and analyze the clinical significance of density variations of HAP(water)in different regions of L1-L3 vertebral bodies.Methods A total of 242 patients who underwent lumbar quantitative computed tomography(QCT)scans via utilizing the GSI technique were selected.Following the scans,the HAP(water)density values in four regions(anterosuperior,posterosuperior,anteroinferior,and posteroinferior)of each L1-L3 vertebral bodies were quantitatively measured using the material decomposition technique.Based on the QCT results,all cases were divided into three groups of normal bone mineral density,osteopenia,and osteoporosis.The distributions of HAP(water)density values in the four regions within each vertebral body were compared and analyzed among the groups.Results In all three groups of patients,the highest HAP(water)density values in the L1-L3 vertebral bodies were all located in the posteroinferior region,followed by the posterosuperior region.In the normal bone mineral density group,the lowest HAP(water)density values was found in the anterosuperior region of the L1 vertebral body.In the osteopenia and osteoporosis groups,the lowest HAP(water)density values was found in the anteroinferior region of the L1-L3 vertebral bodies.Conclusion Significant differences in HAP(water)density are present across different regions within lumbar vertebral bodies,which may be related to the development of vertebral osteoporosis and the location of fractures.

Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of fungi on object surface in hospital environ-ment,and provide reference for the scientific and precise formulation of environment control strategies based on fun-gal in clinic.Methods From December 7 to 23,2023,a total of 60 environmental specimens of 19 categories in 6 departments of a large tertiary first-class hospital were collected and divided into water-related environmental speci-men group,complete facade environmental specimen group,and sanitary ware environmental specimen group.18S rRNA sequencing was performed on specimens with fungi detected.Results Fungal detection rate of environmental specimens was 20.00％(12/60).Sink in the department of endocrinology had the highest fungal colony count(15 CFU/cm2),followed by the air outlet of air disinfection device in the department of thoracic surgery and the in-ternal part of a faucet in the department of endocrinology(both 10 CFU/cm2).The water-related environmental specimen group detected most diverse fungal genera(14 species),with high relative abundances of Aspergillus(100％),Meyerozyma(99.06％),Ophiocordyceps genus(95.63％),and Kodamaea(87.86％).The air outlet of air disinfection device was detected with a high abundance of Chaetomium(44.08％)and Corollospora(39.71％).There was no statistically significant difference in the α-diversity(Shannon and Simpson indices,P values of 0.661 and 0.568,respectively)and β-diversity(P=0.712)among the three environmental specimens.Conclusion Under the routine implementation of basic environmental cleaning and disinfection in medical institutions,fungi are in a low prevalence in the environment.However,moist surfaces and air disinfection device are prone to fungal colonization,and it is necessary to strengthen daily monitoring and take corresponding intervention measures to reduce the risk of infection.