This study investigated the secondary metabolites in the product of rice fermentation with Alternaria alternata and their activity of down-regulating thymosin beta 10(TMSB10) protein expression. The secondary metabolites of A. alternata were separated and purified by various chromatographic separation techniques, including silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were identified by spectral techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR), infrared spectroscopy(IR), and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS) and comparison with literature data. A total of 10 compounds were isolated and identified, including two new compounds(1S,3S)-2,3-dihydro-3,6-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-1-methylcyclopenta[c][2]benzopyran-5(1H)-one(1), 3,3a, 6-trihydroxy-8-methoxy-1-methyl-2,3,3a, 9b-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]isochromen-5(1H)-one(2), and the eight known compounds are alternariol 9-methyl ether(3), 1-deoxyrubralactone(4),(3aR)-3,3a-dihydro-1,6-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-3a-methylcyclopenta[c][2]benzopyran-2,5-dione(5), altechromone A(6), alternariol(7), altenuene(8), altenusin(9), and 3'-hydroxyalternariol 5-O-methyl ether(10). The effects of these compounds on TMSB10 expression were tested. Compound 7 showed a significant down-regulation effect on TMSB10 expression with an inhibition rate of 40.5%. The results showed that benzopyrone compounds of A. alternata have the activity of down-regulating the expression of TMSB10 protein, providing theoretical basis and research value for the study of non-small cell lung cancer.
Alternaria/metabolism* ; Down-Regulation/drug effects* ; Humans ; Molecular Structure

As a serious cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis (AS) causes chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in the body and poses a threat to human health. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is a member of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) family, and its elevated levels have been shown to contribute to AS. Lp-PLA2 is closely related to a variety of lipoproteins, and its role in promoting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in AS is mainly achieved by hydrolyzing oxidized phosphatidylcholine (oxPC) to produce lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC). Moreover, macrophage apoptosis within plaque is promoted by localized Lp-PLA2 which also promotes plaque instability. This paper reviews those researches of Chinese medicine in treating AS via reducing Lp-PLA2 levels to guide future experimental studies and clinical applications related to AS.
Humans ; 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Atherosclerosis/drug therapy* ; Lipoproteins ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Biomarkers

Objective:To explore the performance of agitated saline contrast echocardiography(ASCE)in patients with patent foramen ovale(PFO)and the relationship of that with the prognosis of treatment of interventional closure.Methods:A total of 70 patients with PFO who were hospitalized in Haikou People's Hospital from October 2020 to August 2022 were selected as research objects.All patients were treated with interventional closure,and the preoperative and postoperative ASCE performances,as well as the ASCE grading were recorded.All patients were followed up for 12 months after operation,and then they were assessed to confirm whether there was any residual diversion.After that,the changes of Headache Impact Test-6 Scale(HIT-6)score between before and after operation were compared.Results:In the ASCE image characteristics and the morphology of the foramen ovale of 70 PFO patients,22 cases(31.42％)were type Ⅰ patients,whose diameter of the foramen ovale was less than 1 mm,and the patent foramen ovale without closure appeared fine needle-like,and 28 cases(40.00％)were type Ⅱ patients,whose diameter of the foramen ovale was between 2 and 3mm,and the patent foramen ovale without closure appeared tunnel-like,and 20 cases(28.57％)were type Ⅲ patients,whose diameter of the foramen ovale was≥3mm,and the patent foramen ovale without closure appeared pouch-like.The results of re-examined ASCE of 70 patients indicated that the positions of the occluder were favorable in type Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients,which closely attached to the atrial septum.There was not residual blood flow to pass through the atrial septum in all patients.Preoperative ASCE RLS grading showed that 20 cases(28.57％)were rest RLS grade 0,and 25 cases(35.71％)were grade I,and 14 cases(20.00％)were grade Ⅱ,and 11 cases(15.71％)were grade Ⅲ.The post classification of Waals maneuver indicated 30 cases(42.85％)were RLS grade I,and 25 cases(35.71％)were RLS grade Ⅱ,and 15 cases(21.4％)were RLS grade Ⅲ.Postoperative ASCE RLS grading showed that there was RLS in all patients,and the difference in RLS grading between before and after surgery was statistically significant(x2=85.783,P<0.05).In the 70 patients,ASCE results showed that the front-back diameter of left atrium of patients at 0 grade RLS was significantly less than that of patients at≥1 grade RLS,and the difference was statistically significant(t=8.783,P<0.05).There were no adverse events such as bleeding,infection,thromboembolism,stroke and occluder detachment occurred in all patients after surgery.The preoperative HIT-6 score of 70 patients was(73.85±5.79)points,and the scores decreased respectively to(50.82±6.57)and(39.06±4.69)points at the 1st and 6th months after surgery,and the difference of HIT-6 scores between them was significant(t=3.783,P<0.05).The results of re-examined ASCE at the 1st and 6th months after surgery showed that there was no RLS diversion phenomenon in 70 patients,and the results of trans thoracic echocardiography(TTE)indicated that RLS diversion existed in two patients.Conclusion:The diversion grade can be confirmed after PFO patients undergo the combined examination of ASCE,rest status examination and Waals maneuver,which has a certain of reference value in preoperative assessment for disease condition and in postoperative judgement for curative effect.

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate, and summarize relevant evidence on remote pulmonary rehabilitation programs for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) .Methods:Following the 6S Pyramid Evidence Model, domestic and international guideline websites, evidence-based databases, association websites, and original databases were systematically searched for literature related to remote pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with COPD, including guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries, clinical decisions, practice recommendations, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials. The search was conducted from the databases' inception to July 31, 2023. Quality assessment and data extraction were independently conducted by two researchers.Results:A total of 27 articles were included, including five guidelines, one clinical decision, four evidence summaries, one expert consensus, 14 systematic reviews, and two randomized controlled trials. A total of 27 best evidence recommendations were synthesized across seven aspects, including setting, target population, pre-intervention preparation, communication devices, remote pulmonary rehabilitation programs, maintenance exercise plans, and remote health monitoring.Conclusions:The process of forming the best evidence for remote pulmonary rehabilitation programs for patients with COPD is comprehensive and scientific. Healthcare professionals should integrate evidence-based practice with patient preferences to develop personalized remote pulmonary rehabilitation programs according to individual circumstances.

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme Linn. METHODS: The 95% ethanol extract of the roots of Stellera chamaejasme Linn. was fractionalized by using petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate, respectively. The extraction parts were isolated by various chromatographic methods including silica gel, ODS column and preparative HPLC methods. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data such as HR-ESI-MS and NMR. RESULTS: Seventeen compounds were isolated and identified as follows: naringenin (1), (-)-epiafzelechin (2), (+)-epiafzelechin (3), 2,6,2',6'-tetramethoxy-4,4'-bis (2,3-epoxy-1-hydroxypropyl) biphenyl (4), 8-hydroxypluviatolide (5), (-)-syringaresinol (6), prestegane B (7), 7-hydroxycoumarin (8), daphnoretin (9), 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid methyl ester (10), 3,4-dihydroxystyryl alcohol (11), 3-[(1E)-3-hydroxy-1-propen-1-yl]-2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(12), Z-octadecyl caffeate (13), 1-glyceryl linolenate (14), glycerol monolinoleate (15), 2, 3-dihydroxypropyl-9-octadecenoate (16) and β-sitosterol (17). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 9-15 are reported from the genus Stellera Linn. for the first time.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of Astragaloside IV (AS-IV)in rats with myocardial infarction.METHODS The myocardial infarction model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. The rats were randomly divided into sham, DMSO, model group, AS-IV and CID755673 groups. The rats were sacrificed 4 weeks later, and segmental heart samples were used for hematoxylin and eosin staining and masson staining. The expression of PKD1, HDAC5 and VEGF were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription poly-merase chain reaction and western blot. RESULTS Compared with the sham operation and DMSO groups,morphology of myocardium in model group was disordered,accompanied with necrotic myocar-dial cells and obvious collagen tissues. After treatment with AS-IV, the morphology of myocardium was obviously improved, and the number of new blood vessels increased significantly. However, after treatment with CID755673, the myocardial tissue of rats became disordered again, the necrotic cells increased, and some vessels closed. The expression levels of PKD1, HDAC5 and VEGF mRNA and protein in myocardial tissue of model group were significantly lower than the other four groups(P<0.05), whereas these levels in the AS-IV group were significantly higher than those in the other four groups (P<0.01). Additionally, the CID755673 group had significantly higher levels of PKD1, HDAC5 and VEGF mRNA and protein than the sham group, DMSO group and model group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION AS-IV may partly promote the angiogenesis of myocardial tissue in rats with myocardial infarction via the PKD1-HDAC5-VEGF pathway.

Objective To investigate the differences of hand and foot morphology and genetic phenotypic characteristics in adults of Hui and Han nationality in Southwestern Henan.Methods The indicators of height,weight,hand and foot were measured by the morphological measurements,the hand and foot genetic phenotype classification was observed and performed the statistical analysis.Results The hand width,foot length and foot width of the Hui adult men and women in Southwestern Henan were(8.27±0.55,23.10±1.20,9.34±0.83)cm and(7.41±0.44,20.50±1.23,8.79±0.69) cm,respectively,while which of the Han adult men and women were(8.56±0.09,24.57±1.33,9.47±0.70)cm and(7.74±0.36,22.46±1.21,8.91±0.85) cm,respectively.The total number of both hands fingerprint ridge line in Hui adult men and women were(135.06 ± 19.87) and (125.50 ±20.44)respectively,and which in Han adult men and women were (144.46 ±14.08) and (129.20 ± 20.34)respectively,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The tPD,atd angle and a-b crest line number among the Hui and Han nationalities were 16.07± 6.46,(44.61±8.66)°,34.04±5.47 and 16.53±6.27,(43.19±9.52)°,36.73±4.22 respectively.And the handedness,fingernail form,thumb type,footedness,right type ratio of foot and toe length of the Hui and Han nationalities were 90.01％,38.52％,85.59％,70.47％,56.92％ and 89.33％,45.26％,70.91％,96.98％,74.89％,respectively,the difference between the Hui and Han nationalities was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The national differences and gender differences exist in the multiple indicators of hand and foot morphology,finger and palm prints,and genetic phenotype among the Hui and Han adults in Southwestern Henan.

OBJECTIVETo screen the differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes in adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to better understand the mechanism for regulating the balance between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation.

METHODSCultured hMSCs were induced for adipogenic differentiation, and at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days of induction, the cells were examined for miRNA and mRNA expression profiles using miRNA chip and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques. Correlation analysis was carried out for the miRNAs and mRNAs of potential interest. The databases including TargetScan, PicTar and miRanda were used to predict the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNA.

RESULTSThe expression of miR-140-5p was down-regulated and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) expression increased progressively during adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs, showing a negative correlation between them. Target gene prediction using the 3 databases identified LIFR as the target gene of miR-140-5p.

CONCLUSIONmiRNA-140-5p may play an important role by regulating its target gene LIFR during adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; Adipogenesis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; Transcriptome

Aim To explore the effect of protein kinase D1 (PKD1 )on adherence,migration,proliferation, microvascular formation,and eNOS expression in bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)of rats.Method The EPCs were isolated from bone marrow of rats,cultured and detected,the effects of PKD1 and its specific blocking agent CID755673 on adhesion,migration,proliferation,or microvascular formation were observed,as well as mRNA and protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS ) in EPCs.Results PKD1 significantly promoted adhe-sion,migration,proliferation and microvascular forma-tion of EPCs,and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of eNOS in EPCs,according to the cell cul-ture experiments of EPCs in vitro.Conclusion PKD1 has the role of angiogenesis through regulation of EPCs,which might be dependent on eNOS.

Objective To explore the effect of astragalus extracts on adherence, migration, cell viability, microvascular formation, and eNOS expression in bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) of rats. Methods EPCs were cultured, isolated and identified in vitro and divided into four groups: low titer group (10-4 g/L of astragalus extracts), middle titer group (10-3 g/L of astragalus extracts), high titer group (10-2 g/L of astragalus extracts) and control group. The effects of astragalus extract on adhesion, migration or microvascular formation were observed under the inverted microscope and com?pared between all groups;Cell viability was detected by MTT assay;mRNA transcription and protein expression levels of en?dothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in EPCs were detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot re?spectively. Results Compared with the control group, cell adhesion, migration and microvascular formation of EPCs all en?hanced with addition of astragalus extracts in a dose dependent manner (F=15.256, 13.633, 97.549 respectively, and P <0.05 in all cases); Cell vitality of EPCs increased with administration of astragalus extracts in a time and dose dependant manner. (F=9.755 for time and F=10.18 for dose). mRNA transcription and protein expression of eNOS in EPCs were up-reg?ulated with addition of astragalus extracts in a dose dependent manner (F=56.356 and 77.125 respectively, and P<0.05 in both cases). Conclusion Astragalus extracts play important role in angiogenesis in EPCs probably through up-regulating expressions of eNOS.