OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance of expression of COX-2, p21, Ki67 and HPV in nasal inverted papilloma. METHOD: Detecting COX-2, p21, Ki-67 in 30 cases of nasal inverted papilloma (NIP), 20 cases of nasal polyps (NP) and 10 cases of normal nasal mucosa (NM) by two step immunohistochemical method, and HPV virus by flow-through hybridization method. RESULT: The positive expression rate of COX-2 and Ki-67 in NIP, NP and NM group was decreased in turn, COX-2 had significant difference in the groups(χ2 = 30.00, P< 0. 05); the positive expression rate of Ki-67 had significant differences between NIP and NM group (χ2 = 8. 533, P<0. 05). The expression of COX-2 in NIP tissues was positively correlate with that of Ki-67 by using Spearman rank correlation analysis (r=0.78, P<0.05). Expression of p21 were not observed in NIP group. The positive rate of HPV was 26. 67% in 30 cases of NIP, all of HPV16 type. CONCLUSION COX-2, Ki-67 and HPV infection have certain correlation with the occurrence of NIP. The occurrence of NIP has relationship with inflammatory reaction mediated by COX-2. Ki-67 can well reflect the proliferation activity of tumor cells, and can be used to measure the proliferation rate of nasal inverted papilloma. The COX-2 and Ki-67 have a synergistic role in the pathogenesis of NIP. p21 has no significant relationship with the incidence of NIP. HPV infection is related to the pathogenesis of NIP, but not as a;major factor in the pathogenesis of NIP.
Case-Control Studies ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; biosynthesis ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; biosynthesis ; Nasal Mucosa ; Nasal Polyps ; Nose Neoplasms ; genetics ; virology ; Papilloma, Inverted ; genetics ; virology ; Papillomavirus Infections

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 ; metabolism ; Aged ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; metabolism ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Male ; Nasal Cavity ; Nose Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; virology ; Plasmacytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; virology

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and the occurrence, recurrence and malignant transformation of nasal inverted papilloma (NIP). METHOD: With comprehensive retrieval of related literature that had been published in databases included Pubmed (1990--2011), Cochrane Library, CNKI (1979-2011), VIP (1989-2011), CBM (1990-2011) and WANFANG Meta-analysis software Rev-Man 5.0 was used to analyze the raw data and to calculate the value of combined odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULT: According to Meta-analysis, the occurrence group between HPV and NIP, the OR was 34.44 and 95% CI was 12.96-91.56; the recurrence group, the OR was 3.66 and 95% CI was 1.77-7.56, to the high-risk HPV, the OR was 1.94 and 95% CI was 0.30-12.58; the malignant transformation group, the OR was 1.79 and 95% CI was 0.94-3.40 to the high-risk HPV, the OR was 49.35 and 95% (CI was 0.45-11.23. CONCLUSION HPV may play an important role in the occurrence and recurrence of NIP and high-risk HPV was closely related to the progress of NIP.
DNA, Viral ; Humans ; Nose Neoplasms ; virology ; Papilloma, Inverted ; virology ; Papillomaviridae ; Papillomavirus Infections ; pathology

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) diagnosis from suspected samples from sheep and goats was carried out. Buffy coat, tissues, and oculo-nasal swabs were analyzed using nucleoprotein (NP3/NP4) and fusion protein (F1/F2) gene primers, respectively. Analysis of the sample types and primer set revealed that buffy coat are the best type of samples for PPR diagnosis and the use of two set of primers will increase the number of positives.
Animals ; DNA Primers/analysis ; Eye/virology ; Goat Diseases/blood/*diagnosis/epidemiology/virology ; Goats ; Hair/virology ; Nose/virology ; Nucleoproteins/analysis ; Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants/blood/*diagnosis/epidemiology/virology ; Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Pigmentation ; RNA, Viral/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods/standards/veterinary ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/blood/*diagnosis/epidemiology/virology ; Uganda/epidemiology

Adult ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; virology ; Male ; Nose Neoplasms ; virology ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; virology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression and possible role of C-type lectin-like natural killer cell receptors, including CD94 and NKG2s, in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (EN-NK/T-NT).

METHODSReverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of CD94 and NKG2s in tissue sections of 21 cases of EN-NK/T-NT(confirmed by histology, immunohistochemistry, in-situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) and PCR for T-cell receptor genes), eight midline B cell lymphomas (BCL), 10 peripheral T cell lymphoma of lymph nodes (PTCL), five spleens, five thymuses and five chronic nasopharyngitis.

RESULTSAll 21 cases of EN-NK/T-NT showed typical histological features, with expression of CD3epsilon, CD56, cytotoxic granules and positivity of EBV in 20 cases. The RT-PCR results showed a high level expression of CD94 (85.7%) and NKG2 members (95.2% totally, with NKG2A/2B in 85.7%, NKG2D in 61.9%, NKG2F in 14.3%, NKG2C/2E in 4.8%, respectively and sequentially) in EN-NK/T-NT. But in the controls, none of the receptors were detected in TCL (0%) and BCL (0%), while only a few cases of lymphoid tissues expressed one or two of these receptors (two spleens and two chronic nasopharyngitis mucosa for CD94, one spleen for NKG2A/2B and one thymus for NKG2D). The differences of CD94 and NKG2 expression between EN-NK/T-NT and BCL or TCL were statistically significant (P<0.01). Co-expression of CD94 and NKG2 was found in 17 out of 21 EN-NK/T-NT cases (81.0%).

CONCLUSIONSThe specific and sequential expression nature of CD94 and NKG2 in EN-NK/T-NT, mimics the developmental expression model in their normal counterparts, and suggests that the tumor cells of most cases are being activated and keeping in a stage as the functional NK cells. Detection of these molecules may provide a useful tool to confirm the diagnosis of NK cell lymphoma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; virology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C ; metabolism ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D ; metabolism ; Nose Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and pathogenesis of nasal inverted papilloma (NIP) and its malignant transformation. METHOD: Fifty-seven cases of NIP were divided into 2 groups: benign group, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising in NIP group (malignancy group). HPV-DNA types of 6, 11, 16, 18 were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 57 cases of NIP. Thirty cases of nasal polyps were control. RESULT: Total positive rate of HPV in NIP was 64.9% (37/57). The positive rate of benign group was 60% (27/45), all with single and low risk HPV11 type infection. The positive rate of malignancy group were was 83.3% (10/12), and the majority were HPV16 and HPV18. Five cases had double infection (4 with HPV16 and HPV 18, 1 with HPV11 and HPV18), four had single HPV16 infection, another one had single HPV11 infection. However, HPV-DNA was not detected in any cases of nasal polyps. CONCLUSION Infection of HPV-DNA has an important effect in pathogenesis of NIP. Meanwhile, there maybe a close relationship between high risk HPV16 type and HPV18 type and malignant transformation of NIP.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nose Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; Papilloma, Inverted ; pathology ; virology ; Papillomaviridae ; Papillomavirus Infections ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors of extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma (EN-NK/TCL) in Chinese patients.

METHODSFifty-five cases of EN-NK/TCL diagnosed in Chinese patients during the period from 1998 to 2007 were studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization. The follow-up information was analyzed.

RESULTSThe male-to-female ratio was 1.89:1. The median age of the patients was 38 years. The commonest sites of involvement included nasal cavity and adjoining tissue (85.5%). Histologically, EN-NK/TCL was composed of small to medium-sized lymphoid cells. Angiocentric and angiodestructive growth patterns, coagulative tumor necrosis and apoptotic bodies were frequently observed. Immunohistochemical study showed that CD20, the B-cell marker, was negative in all cases. The positivity rates for T-cell markers CD3epsilon, CD4, CD5 and CD8 were 100% (49/49), 7% (3/46), 8% (4/48) and 63% (29/46), respectively. Most cases were also positive for NK-cell marker CD56 (79% 42/53). All cases expressed cytotoxic granule-associated proteins TIA-1 and granzyme B. Only 17% (8/46) of the cases were positive for anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2. The proliferation index, as demonstrated by Ki-67 immunostain, varied: 30% (14/47) with a low Ki-67 expression level (< or = 29%), 28% (13/47) with a medium level (30%-59%) and 42% with a high level (> or = 60%). There was a significant positive correlation between the bcl-2 positive expression and a high Ki-67 expression level. In-situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA was positive in all cases. Amongst the 41 cases with clinical information available, 63.4% presented with Ann Arbor stage I to II. The performance status score was 1 in 87.8% cases. High lactate dehydrogenase level was demonstrated in some patients (31.8%). Amongst the 27 cases with follow-up data available, the median survival was 13 months. The overall 1-year, 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 52%, 31% and 20%, respectively. In general, cases with high proliferation index carried poor prognosis.

CONCLUSIONSEN-NK/TCL is a mature T-cell and NK-cell neoplasm which can be accurately diagnosed by histologic examination, immunohistochemical study and in-situ hybridization. The prognosis is usually not favorable. Proliferation index of the tumor represents an independent prognostic factor.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; CD3 Complex ; metabolism ; CD56 Antigen ; metabolism ; Child ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; virology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Granzymes ; metabolism ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nose Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; virology ; Poly(A)-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; RNA, Viral ; analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; T-Cell Intracellular Antigen-1 ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVESTo study the clinicopathologic features of Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), expression of various antigens, human herpes virus type 8 (HHV8), human papillomavirus (HPV)-DNA and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-mRNA, and compare the findings with those in the literature.

METHODSThe clinicopathologic findings of 16 Rosai-Dorfman disease cases were retrospectively reviewed. Immunohistochemical study for S-100 protein, CD68 (PG-M1), CD163, CD21, CD1a, CD20, CD45RO, CD4, CD8, M-CSF and HHV8 was carried out in 9 of the 16 cases. In-situ hybridization for EBV-mRNA and HPV-DNA was also performed.

RESULTSThe male-to-female ratio of the patients was 4.33:1. Amongst the 16 cases studied, 62.5% (10/16) presented nodal RDD, with cervical lymph node predominantly involved. Half of these cases had affected lymph nodes in more than one anatomic site. Extranodal RDD represented 37.5% (6/16) of the cases. The relapse rate of extranodal RDD was higher than that of nodal RDD. Histologically, nodal RDD was characterized by dilated sinuses filled with large polygonal histiocytes which contained lymphocytes and plasma cells. For extranodal lesions, various degrees of stromal fibrosis were seen in association with mixed inflammatory cells (especially plasma cells). The large polygonal histiocytes varied in number and were distributed in clusters or patches. Immunohistochemical study showed that the abnormal histiocytes were strongly positive for S-100 protein. They also expressed CD68, CD163 and M-CSF, but were negative for CD1a, CD21 and HHV8. The lymphocytes in cytoplasm of these histiocytes were positive for both T and B cell markers (with T cell predominance, including a mixture of CD4- and CD8-positive cells). HPV-DNA and EBV-mRNA were not detected by in-situ hybridization. To date, 62 cases of RDD have been reported in mainland China, including 34 cases of nodal RDD and 18 cases of extranodal RDD. The remaining 10 cases involved both lymph nodes and extranodal sites. Compared with overseas reports, RDD occurring in China tended to affect older patients and with slight male predilection.

CONCLUSIONSRosai-Dorfman disease is relatively rare in China. Pathologic diagnosis of extranodal RDD may be difficult. The demographic data of RDD in China, including age and sex of patients, are different from those in the literature.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Bone Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Child ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Herpesvirus 8, Human ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Histiocytosis, Sinus ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nose Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; RNA, Viral ; analysis ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Skin Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Young Adult

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; metabolism ; CD79 Antigens ; metabolism ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nose Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; virology ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; virology ; Plasmacytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; virology