Humans ; Child ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Lung Diseases

China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology* ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/classification* ; Transients and Migrants

Humans ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects* ; Peritonitis/etiology*

HIV ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Mycobacterium abscessus is the second most important pathogen in pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), following Mycobacterium avium. Mycobacterium abscessus is classified into three subspecies: M. abscessus subsp. abscessus, M. abscessus subsp. massiliense, and M. abscessus subsp. bolletii. Mycobacterium abscessus is the most difficult to treat NTM due to its resistance to many antibiotics. Treatment should include an initial regimen of 2–3 injectable and oral antibiotics for several weeks or months, followed by inhaled amikacin and 1–3 oral antibiotics, depending on the subspecies and drug susceptibility patterns, including macrolide susceptibility. The continuation phase should be continued for a minimum of 12 months after culture conversion. Suitable injectable antibiotics include amikacin, imipenem, cefoxitin, and tigecycline, while oral antibiotics include macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin), clofazimine, linezolid, and moxifloxacin. Surgery can be a useful adjunctive therapy for some patients with refractory disease. However, the overall treatment prognosis is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, novel and more effective interventions are required for the treatment of M. abscessus pulmonary disease.
Amikacin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cefoxitin ; Clofazimine ; Humans ; Imipenem ; Linezolid ; Lung Diseases ; Macrolides ; Mycobacterium avium ; Mycobacterium ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Prognosis

Mycobacterium shimoidei is a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM), and is rarely reported as a pathogen causing the NTM pulmonary disease. We describe here the case of a 52-year-old male with symptoms such as chronic cough and a history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Radiologic studies revealed a cavitary lesion in the left upper lobe of his lung. Sputum culture was positive for NTM, which was later identified as M. shimoidei using 16S rRNA and hsp65 sequencing. The patient's symptoms, radiologic evidence, and positive culture results together substantiate that this is the first case of M. shimoidei pulmonary disease from Korea.
Cough ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

To analyze the clinical characteristics and drug resistance in patients with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) pulmonary disease in Changsha Central Hospital of Hunan Province in recent three years.
 Methods: The clinical data of 153 patients with NTM pulmonary disease, who were diagnosed in Changsha Central Hospital of Hunan Province from February 2014 to May 2017, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the concentration of drug sensitivity test, the patients were divided into a low concentration group and a high concentration group. The status of drug sensitivity and drug resistance were examined.
 Results: Among 153 patients, 79 patients (51.63%) were male, 74 patients (48.37%) were female. The mean ages were (60.27±19.46) years. The NTM pulmonary disease mainly occurred in the individuals with bronchiectasis, and the course of disease was long (mean 7.8 years). The clinical symptoms were not specific and mostly misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis (92.81%). Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (56.21%) and mycobacterium chelonae-abscess (20.92%) were the majority. The drug-resistance rate of the first-line and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs was high. The majority was resistant to more than eight drugs, 38.56% patients in the low concentration group were resistant to total drugs, and 25.49% patients in the high concentration group were resistant to total drugs.
 Conclusion: The NTM pulmonary disease is easily misdiagnosed, and the drug resistance rate is high. Identification of mycobacterium species and detection of drug sensitivity play an important role in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Retrospective Studies

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous organisms that are generally found not only in the natural environment but also in the human engineered environment, including water, soil, and dust. These organisms can form biofilms and can be readily aerosolized because they are hydrophobic owing to the presence of the lipid-rich outer membrane. Aerosolization and subsequent inhalation were the major route of NTM lung disease. Water distribution systems and household plumbing are ideal habit for NTM and the main transmission route from natural water to household. NTM have been isolated from drinking water, faucets, pipelines, and water tanks. Studies that used genotyping have shown that NTM isolates from patients are identical to those in the environment, that is, from shower water, showerheads, tap water, and gardening soil. Humans are likely to be exposed to NTM in their homes through simple and daily activities, such as drinking, showering, or gardening. In addition to environmental factors, host factors play an important role in the development of NTM lung disease. The incidence and prevalence of NTM lung disease are increasing worldwide, and this disease is rapidly becoming a major public health problem. NTM lung disease is associated with substantially impaired quality of life, increased morbidity and mortality, and high medical costs. A more comprehensive understanding of the infection source and epidemiology of NTM is essential for the development of new strategies that can prevent and control NTM infection.
Agriculture ; Biofilms ; Drinking ; Drinking Water ; Dust ; Epidemiology ; Family Characteristics ; Gardening ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inhalation ; Lung Diseases ; Lung ; Membranes ; Mortality ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Quality of Life ; Sanitary Engineering ; Soil ; Water

A 73-year-old woman presented with a recurrent cystic mass around her left olecranon. She had a history of 8 steroid injections due to elbow pain beginning 3 years ago and twice had undergone aspiration of olecranon bursitis that developed two months prior to presentation. She had been taking medications for hypertension and diabetes with no pertinent past history. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), there were multiple nodules in the olecranon bursa, which were isointense to muscle on T1-weighted images and hyperintense to muscle on T2-weighted images. Our initial diagnosis was synovial chondromatosis. On bursoscopy, masses of gray-white colored nodules were observed in the bursa. Finally, synovial chondromatosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection were concurrently diagnosed. In conclusion, uncalcified synovial chondromatosis and rice bodies can have similar visual and MRI characteristics; therefore, we suggest that clinicians should be aware of the possibility of other infections in cases of this type.
Aged ; Bursitis ; Chondromatosis, Synovial ; Diagnosis ; Elbow ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mycobacterium ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Olecranon Process ; Synovitis ; Tuberculosis

No abstract available.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria*