As one type of immune cells commonly exiting in the lungs,neutrophils play a critical role in fighting a-gainst the influenza virus infection.On the other hand,neutrophils play a key role in the development of acute lung injury caused by viral infection.When the virus invades the human body,a large number of neutrophils gath-er in lungs and are activated to release various types of proteases,which may form the neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)to defend the virus's invasion.However,NETs may also lead to uncontrolled inflammatory re-sponses,including direct cell damage,recruitment of other pro-inflammatory cells/inflammatory mediators,and formation of autoantibodies;the continuous formation of NETs under hyperinflammatory state is a driven factor to induce the immune damage of the human body.This review aims to summarize the effect of NETs on pathoge-netic process of influenza virus infection and illustrates the application of NETs active inhibitors in fighting against the virus infection so as to provide reference for developing targeted NETs drugs for treatment of influenza.

As one type of immune cells commonly exiting in the lungs,neutrophils play a critical role in fighting a-gainst the influenza virus infection.On the other hand,neutrophils play a key role in the development of acute lung injury caused by viral infection.When the virus invades the human body,a large number of neutrophils gath-er in lungs and are activated to release various types of proteases,which may form the neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)to defend the virus's invasion.However,NETs may also lead to uncontrolled inflammatory re-sponses,including direct cell damage,recruitment of other pro-inflammatory cells/inflammatory mediators,and formation of autoantibodies;the continuous formation of NETs under hyperinflammatory state is a driven factor to induce the immune damage of the human body.This review aims to summarize the effect of NETs on pathoge-netic process of influenza virus infection and illustrates the application of NETs active inhibitors in fighting against the virus infection so as to provide reference for developing targeted NETs drugs for treatment of influenza.