Background: From the perspective of traditional medicine, researchers believe that the individual’s innate quality has a reciprocal effect on the physiological level. The study of body-specific quality differences is important for improving disease risk prediction, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. Therefore, explaining the features of traditional medicine with some physiological parameters and establishing the relationship between them is clinically significant and important for predicting disease risk and developing individualized treatment methods, which is the basis of this research. Aim: To establish the correlation between an individual’s innate unique constitution and specific biochemical indicators. Materials and Methods: The innate unique constitution of individuals was determined using electronic data, and the relationships between their characteristics and levels of uric acid, creatinine, urea, and glucose in the blood were analyzed. Results: A total of 102 participants were included in the study. Among them, the Shar-Khi constitution was the most prevalent, with 28 cases (27.45%), while the Khi-Badgan constitution was the least common, with 13 cases (12.75%). Individuals with the Khi-Shar constitution exhibited the highest urea level at 4.47 ммоль/л, whereas those with the Badgan-Shar constitution had the lowest at 4.15 ммоль/л. The uric acid level was highest in individuals with the Shar-Khi constitution at 316.15 µmol/L and lowest in those with the Badgan-Shar constitution at 261.36 µmol/L (p<0.001). Furthermore, individuals with the Badgan-Khi constitution had the highest creatinine level at 73.51 µmol/L, while those with the Badgan-Shar constitution had the lowest at 63.97 µmol/L (p<0.001). The blood glucose level was highest in individuals with the Khi-Badgan constitution at 4.59 ммоль/л and lowest in those with the Khi-Shar constitution at 4.21 ммоль/л. Kidney function indicators, particularly creatinine, significantly correlated with blood glucose levels (r=0.67, p<0.01). Higher uric acid and creatinine levels were associated with elevated blood glucose levels. These findings suggest that variations in urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels among different unique constitutions could be utilized to predict the risk of kidney disease or diabetes. Conclusion Depending on the individual characteristics of traditional medicine, kidney and blood sugar parameters are different and related to each other, and can assess the state of diabetes and kidney disease. Determining the inherent characteristics of an individual is considered important for improving the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diabetes and kidney disease.

Background: The average age at menarche (AAM) among girls is influenced by various factors, including the socioeconomic status of the country, geographical location, and anthropometric characteristics. In Mongolia, limited research has been conducted on this topic Aim: This study aimed to compare the mean age at menarche among girls living in Bayanzürkh District of Ulaanbaatar and those in Uvs Province. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2025. The study participants included schoolgirls aged 8 years and older from general education schools located in Bayanzürkh District and Uvs Province. Statistical analyses were performed using R version 4.5.1 (RStudio 2025.05.1-513) Results: A total of 486 girls participated in the study. The mean age at menarche among the participants was 12.23±1.29 years. The mean age at menarche among girls aged 8–18 years in Bayanzürkh District was 11.84±1.19 years, while that among girls aged 8–18 years in Uvs Province was 12.97±1.15 years. Thus, girls in Bayanzürkh District experienced menarche 1.13 years earlier on average than those in Uvs Province. The difference in mean AAM between urban (Ulaanbaatar) and rural (Uvs Province) girls was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion The mean age at menarche among girls residing in Bayanzürkh District was significantly lower than that of girls living in Uvs Province, indicating a tendency toward earlier onset of menarche in urban areas.

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) data from 2022, 19.9 million people were diagnosed with cancer globally, and 9.7 million people died from the disease. In recent years, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been rapidly increasing, ranking 4th among all cancers with 18.4 cases and 8.1 deaths per 100,000 population. In Mongolia, 826 new cases of CRC have been registered over the past six years, with an incidence rate of 8.2 cases and a mortality rate of 5.03 per 100,000 population. It is projected that by 2030, the incidence will reach 13.28 cases and the mortality rate will rise to 8.72 per 100,000 population. We aimed to comprehensively examine the risk factors for colorectal cancer among the population of Mongolia, establish a scientific basis for early detection and prevention, and strengthen preventive measures. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted from 2022 to 2024. The study enrolled a total of 305 subjects, including 98 patients with colorectal cancer, 101 patients with colon polyps, and 106 healthy subjects. The risk. questionnaire consisted of 50 questions divided into 10 sections. All statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 23.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. categorical data was represented as numbers and percentages. Pearson’s chi-squared and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the risk factor associated with recurrence. The study protocol was approved by Ethics Review Committee of Ministry of Health of Mongolia on 17 March 2023 (approval number: 23/012). Results: The average age of the participants was 57.1±12.8 years. Among all study participants, 37.6% (115) were male and 62.4% (188) were female. Comparison of colorectal cancer incidence by age and gender revealed no statistically significant differences (p=0.021; p=0.422). Regular physical exercise was found to have a protective effect against colorectal cancer (p=0.076; OR 0.341 95% Cl 0.118-.0986). The frequency of fruit consumption, 4 to 6 times per week (p=0.008, OR 0.08, 95% Cl 0.01-0.45), frequency of vegetable consumption 4 to 6 times per week (p<0.00; OR 0.07, 95% Cl 0.02-0.19), no dining out (0.007, OR 0.3, 95% Cl 0.18-0.68), and meat consumption (p=0.001) are decreased risk of colorectal cancer. Conclusion The patient's age and the presence of colon polyps are risk factors for colorectal cancer, while regular physical activity and a diet rich in fruits and vegetables are protective factors that help reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Safety and effectiveness of COVID 19 vaccine among pregnant woman Introduction: Major International Organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease and Prevention (CDC), American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) recommend that use of COVID 19 vaccine for people who are pregnant, breastfeeding and trying to get pregnant. Objective: To determine the safety and effectiveness of COVID 19 vaccine among pregnant woman. Materials and methods: In this prospective study, we collected data from pregnant woman who are receiving their antenatal care at the general hospitals of Ulaanbaatar city and National Center for Maternal and Child Health of Mongolia between July 1, 2021 and August 20, 2021. The survey data were collected four categories of questionnaires. An ultrasound scan performed to screening of fetal anomalies and to assess fetal growth at 12, 20, 28, 36 weeks of pregnancy. Results: Among the total of 420 pregnant woman, 193 (46.0%) have received COVID 19 vaccine and 227 (54.0%) were not. (1:1) The most commonly reported adverse events in pregnant participants were injection site pain (63.2%), myalgia (45.2%), headache (44.9%) and fatigue (40%). Furthermore, complications of pregnancy were 11.5% of vaccinated group and 7.8% of the other group and it has shown that pregnancy complications was not statistically significant in differentiating to the study groups (x^2 = 1.62, p = 0.205) Pregnant woman with COVID 19 infections were 73.6% (n=39) of unvaccinated group and 26.4% (n=14) of vaccinated group. Whether to relate between COVID 19 vaccination and COVID 19 infections were statistically significant in differentiating to the study groups. According to the result, COVID 19 vaccine has an effectiveness of 91% for the pregnant woman if they continue to administer the prevention method of COVID 19 infections (same as before the vaccination: wearing a mask, keep a safe distance). The risk of fetal anomalies at first trimester and 20 weeks gestation were not statistically significant in differentiating to the study groups. These results demonstrate that the COVID 19 vaccine does not affects fetus by now. Conclusions: In this study, COVID 19 vaccine does not increase a risk of pregnancy and medical complications. The prevalence of COVID 19 infection was statistically significant in differentiating to the both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. It shows that COVID19 vaccines have became a crucial tools for reducing the incidence of COVID 19 infection in pregnancy.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, restricted patterns of behavior, and unusual sensory sensitivities. Symptoms of autism occur in some infants, while some children are diagnosed in 2-3 years. There was a direct and indirect relationship between the dental caries and the physical growth among children. The study purpose was to determine the oral health and the body growth status among children with Autism spectrum disorder. Methods: The study population consisted of 53 children, who were diagnosed as “ASD” and approved by psychiatrist between the age of 3-18. The dental examination was done under recommendation by WHO (2013) and oral hygiene index was calculated by FedorovVolodkina (1973). Body growth status was evaluated by Kaup and Rohrer’s index. The results of the study were processed using statistical Stata-21 software. Results: The prevalence of dental caries among all children with Autism spectrum disorder was 88.6% and mean DMFT score were 2.6±3.0 in the primary dentition, 6.1±3.8 in the mixed and 4.0±2.3 in the permanent dentition. Children with good oral hygiene index were 32% of all study population and poor were 68%. When we assessed the body growth status, normal weight children were 52.8%, overweight children were 18.9% and lower weight was 28.3% of all study poptulation. Conclusion We have found that the oral health and the body growth status among children with ASD were poor.