Objective: To get insight into the current practice of noise reduction effect of workers as they wore hearing protectors in different domestic enterprises and the possible affected factors. Methods: From October 2020 to April 2021, using a random sampling method, 1197 workers exposed to noise in petrochemical factories, textile factories, and parts manufacturing factories were selected as the study subjects. The noise reduction effect of hearing protectors worn by workers in daily use was tested using a hearing protector suitability testing system. The personal sound attenuation level (PAR) was compared among workers in three enterprises, Targeted intervention and repetitive testing were conducted for workers who did not meet the noise reduction effect required by the enterprise, and the changes in PAR of workers before and after the intervention were compared. The comparison of baseline PARs between two or more groups was performed using the Mann Whitney test, the comparison of baseline PARs with post intervention PARs was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test, and the comparison of qualitative data between two or more groups was performed using the Chi square test. Results: The median baseline PAR for all workers was 15 dB. Men, age<30 years old, education level at or above college level, working experience of 5 to 15 years, and those who used hearing protectors for 5 to 15 years had higher PARs, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The median difference in baseline PAR among workers from three enterprises was statistically significant (H=175.06, P<0.01). The median PAR of subjects who did not pass the baseline increased from 3 dB to 21 dB after intervention (Z=-27.92, P<0.01) . Conclusion: Some workers wearing hearing protectors do not meet the required PAR, and low PARs may be related to incorrect wearing methods and incorrect selection of hearing protectors. As a tool for testing, training, and assisting in selection, the hearing protector suitability testing system is of great significance for worker hearing protection.
Male ; Humans ; Adult ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/prevention & control* ; Ear Protective Devices ; Noise, Occupational/prevention & control* ; Hearing ; Audiometry

Objective: To explore the sound insulation, sound absorption and other noise reduction transformation methods in a noise workshop handover control room. Methods: In December 2021, through the occupational health investigation and on-site testing of the handover control room of a noise workshop, the causes of excessive noise were analyzed, and the transformation design scheme to reduce noise was proposed and the effect was analyzed. Results: Before the transformation, the peak frequency band noise intensity of the noise workshop handover control room was 112.8 dB (A), and the peak frequency was 1000 Hz. After noise reduction, the theoretical calculated control value was 61.0 dB (A), and the measured noise intensity was 59.8 dB (A) . Conclusion: The noise intensity of the handover control room is reduced after noise reduction, which is in line with the contact limit requirements of the control room in GBZ 1-2010 "Hygienic Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises", and has reference significance for noise control engineering.
Noise/prevention & control* ; Occupational Health ; Industry ; Reference Standards ; Hygiene ; Noise, Occupational/prevention & control*

Objective: To summarize and analyse of literature on the susceptibility genes of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) , and the key genes were screened and obtained by bioinformatics method, so as to provide reference for the prevention research of NIHL. Methods: In September 2021, Based on CNKI, NCBI Pubmed database and Web of Science database, this paper conducted bibliometric analysis and bioinformatics analysis on the genetic literature related to the susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss from 1999 to 2020. Endnote X9 software and the WPS office software were used for bibliometric analysis, and online software STRING and Cytoscape software were used for bioinformatics analysis. Results: A total of 131 literatures were included in the study, involving 40 genes in total. Bibliometric analysis shows that 131 papers which included 36 Chinese articles and 95 English articles were published in 63 biomedical journals; the highest number of published articles was 19 in 2020. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that GAPDH、SOD2、SOD1、CAT、CASP3、IL6 and other genes play a key role in the interaction network. The involved pathways mainly include MAP2K and MAPK activations, PTEN regulation, P53-depardent G1 DNA damage response, signaoling by BRAF and RAF fusions and soon. Conclusion: The study of noise induced hearing loss involves multi gene biological information, and bioinformatics analysis is helpful to predict the occurrence and development of noise induced hearing loss.
Humans ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/epidemiology* ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Computational Biology ; Bibliometrics ; Noise, Occupational

Objective: To explore the change of hearing threshold of workers exposed to noise, establish an individual-based hearing loss early warning model, accurately and differentiated the health of workers exposed to noise. Methods: In September 2019, all physical examination data of 561 workers exposed to noise from an enterprise were collected since their employment. Three indicators of average hearing threshold of the better ear, namely, at high frequency, 4000 Hz and speech frequency, were constructed. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to adjust gender and age and establish the warning model of each indicator. Finally, sensitive indicators and warning models were screened according to AUC and Yoden index. Results: Among the 561 workers exposed to noise, 26 (4.6%) workers had hearing loss. The sensitivity indicators were the average hearing threshold at speech frequency ≥20 dB, high frequency ≥30 dB and 4000 Hz ≥25 dB. The AUC of each index was 0.602, 0.794 and 0.804, and the Youden indexes were 0.204, 0.588 and 0.608, respectively. In GEE of hearing loss warning models, high-frequency hearing threshold ≥20 dB and 4000 Hz hearing threshold ≥25 dB were the optimal models, with AUC of 0.862. Conclusion: Combined with the changes of individual hearing threshold over the years, can accurately assess the risk of individual hearing loss of workers exposed to noise.
Humans ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/diagnosis* ; Noise, Occupational/adverse effects* ; Audiometry ; Deafness ; Employment ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects* ; Occupational Diseases/diagnosis*

Objective: To explore the relationship between DNA methylation and occupational noise-induced hearing loss. Methods: A case-control study was conducted. People with hearing loss induced by occupational noise were recruited as the case group and those with normal hearing but still exposed to occupational noise were recruited as the control group. A total of 60 participants were included, of which 30 participants were in the case group and 30 in the control group. The methylation level was detected by 850k genome-wide DNA methylation chip technology. The significance of differential methylated position (DMP) was tested by R-packet 'Champ'. The differential methylated region (DMR) was analyzed by using Champ's Bumphunter algorithm. Cluster profiler was used to analyze the gene list for GO and KEGG pathway enrichment. Results: There was significant difference between two groups in binaural high-frequency average hearing threshold (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in age, smoking, drinking, hypertension, physical exercise and cumulative noise exposure. The results of DMP and DMR analysis showed that 713875 sites were detected in the case group and the control group, and 439 methylation sites with significant difference, accounting for 0.06%; 650 regions were detected, and 72 methylation regions with significant differences, accounting for 11.08%. Compared with the control group, the results of GO enrichment analysis showed that the case group had statistically significant differences in four pathways: axogenesis of projection neurons in the central nervous system, neuronal development in the central nervous system, axogenesis of neurons in the central nervous system and neuronal differentiation in the central nervous system. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that there were significant differences in sphingolipid metabolism, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway between the case group and the control group. Conclusion: The occurrence of occupational noise-induced hearing loss may be related to the regulation of gene expression related to axogenesis of projection neurons in the central nervous system, development of neurons in the central nervous system, axogenesis of neurons in the central nervous system, differentiation of neurons in the central nervous system, sphingolipid metabolism, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, primary bile acid biosynthesis and gene methylation related to metabolism.
Aldosterone ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA Methylation ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/genetics* ; Humans ; Noise, Occupational/adverse effects* ; Occupational Diseases ; Occupational Exposure ; Sphingolipids

Objective: To investigate the relationship between high frequency hearing loss caused by occupational noise and the risk of hypertension. Methods: In March 2020, a case-control study was conducted. All noise exposed workers who participated in occupational health examination in Wuxi City in 2019 were selected as the study subjects (95432 cases in total) . The hypertension group was defined as the case group, and the normotensive group was defined as the control group. According to the hearing threshold, they were divided into the non high frequency hearing loss group (<40 dB) and the high frequency hearing loss group (≥ 40 dB) . Univariate statistical method and binary logistic regression were used to evaluate the relationship between high-frequency hearing loss and hypertension risk. Stratified analysis was used to compare the risk of hypertension among workers with high-frequency hearing loss of different ages and length of service. Results: There were significant differences in gender, age, length of service, enterprise scale, economic type and high-frequency hearing loss between control group and hypertension group (P<0.05) . Binary logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender, age, length of service, enterprise scale and economic type, the risk of hypertension in the high-frequency hearing loss group was still increased (OR=1.062, 95%CI: 1.007~1.121, P=0.027) . The risk of hypertension in high-frequency hearing loss patients was higher than that in non high-frequency hearing loss patients in 20-39 years old and 40-59 years old age groups (OR=1.536, 95%CI: 1.353~1.743; OR=1.179, 95%CI: 1.111~1.250; P<0.05) . The risk of hypertension in high-frequency hearing loss patients in <5years, 5-9years, 10-14 years, 15-19 years and ≥20 years working age groups were higher than that in non high-frequency hearing loss groups (OR=1.926, 95%CI=1.007-1.121; OR=1.635, 95%CI=1.478-1.810; OR=1.312, 95%CI=1.167-1.474; OR=1.445, 95%CI=1.238-1.686; OR=1.235, 95%CI=1.043-1.463; P<0.05) . Conclusion: There is a certain relationship between high-frequency hearing loss caused by occupational noise and the risk of hypertension, and the risk of hypertension is different among high-frequency hearing loss patients of different ages and working years.
Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Noise, Occupational/adverse effects* ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/etiology* ; Case-Control Studies ; Hearing Loss, High-Frequency ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects* ; Hypertension/complications* ; Occupational Diseases/complications*

Objective: To understand the comparability of noise measurement results of various occupational hygiene technical service organizations in Guangdong Province by conducting inter-laboratory comparison of measuring instruments and personnel operation. Methods: In October 2020, the instrument comparison and personnel comparison among 91 occupational hygiene technical service organizations engaged in noise measurement in Guangdong Province were carried out in the form of fixed-point measurement and simulated workplace measurement, and the results were analyzed and evaluated by using the robust z-ratio score. Results: In the instrument comparison, 6 organizations had 1 or 2 outliers in their z-ratio scores, 2 organizations had 2 problematic values in their z-ratio scores, and a total of 8 organizations (accounting for 8.8%) were judged as unqualified; A total of 83 organizations (accounting for 91.2%) with satisfactory z-ratio scores or only one problematic value were judged as qualified. In the personnel comparison, there were 11 organizations with 1 or 2 outliers in the z-ratio score, and 1 organization with 2 problematic values in the z-ratio score. A total of 12 organizations (13.2%) were judged as unqualified and 79 organizations (accounting for 86.8%) with satisfactory z-ratio scores or only one problematic value were judged as qualified. Through comprehensive judgment, 20 organizations (22.0%) were judged as unqualified, and 71 organizations (78.0%) were judged as qualified. There was no statistically significant difference in the qualified rates of instrument comparison results, personnel comparison results and comprehensive evaluation results of non-private organizations and private organizations (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the qualified rates of instrument comparison results and comprehensive evaluation results of qualified organizations and unqualified organizations (P>0.05), there was significant difference in the qualified rate of personnel comparison results (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The noise measurement results of some occupational health technical service organizations in Guangdong Province are generally comparable. To carry out inter-laboratory comparison of noise instrument performance and personnel operation ability of occupational hygiene technical service organizations, can comprehensively evaluate the testing process of each organization and find out the problems existing in each organization.
Humans ; Workplace ; Occupational Health Services ; Organizations ; Hygiene ; Workforce ; Noise, Occupational

Objective: To understand the current situation of high-frequency hearing loss of workers exposed to occupational noise in Hubei Province and its multi-level influencing factors. Methods: In June 2021, the basic information, occupational history, physical examination results and other relevant information in the "Occupational Health Examinations Case Cards" for noise workers in Hubei Province in 2020 were extracted from the subsystem of the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System". Multilevel level of logistic model was used to analyze the related factors of high-frequency hearing loss of noise-exposed workers. Results: In 2020, the incidence rate of occupational high-frequency hearing loss in Hubei Province was 8.25% (6450/78152), and the incidence rate in various regions of the province ranged from 1.13% to 19.87%. At the individual level, male, ≥ 30 years of age, 6-10 years of service, small and micro enterprises, as well as construction, mining, manufacturing, transportation and rental services were the risk factors for high-frequency hearing loss (P<0.05). The risk of high-frequency hearing loss among workers in foreign-funded enterprises was significantly lower than that of workers in state-owned/collective enterprises (P<0.05). At the regional level, the younger the age of the employees, the lower the risk of high-frequency hearing loss (P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between the regional economic level and the risk of high-frequency hearing loss (P>0.05) . Conclusion: The incidence rate of occupational high-frequency hearing loss in Hubei Province is low in 2020, but the incidence rate varies greatly in different regions of the province, mainly due to differences in employment age, while the development of regional economic level has not reduced the risk of occupational high-frequency hearing loss.
Male ; Humans ; Child ; Hearing Loss, High-Frequency ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/diagnosis* ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology* ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects* ; Noise, Occupational/adverse effects*

Objective: To understand the diagnosis of suspected occupational diseases reported in Guangzhou from 2014 to 2019, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the supervision of suspected occupational disease reports. Methods: By cluster sampling, the suspected occupational disease report card, occupational disease report card and pneumoconiosis report card reported by Guangzhou from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019 in the occupational disease and occupational health information monitoring system were collected for matching analysis to understand the diagnosis of suspected occupational disease patients. Results: From 2014 to 2019, a total of 1426 suspected occupational cases in 7 categories and 32 species were reported in Guangzhou. The average number of reported cases per year was about 240. The main diseases of suspected occupational diseases were suspected occupational noise deafness (68.44%, 976/1426) , suspected occupational chronic benzene poisoning (16.48%, 235/1426) , suspected occupational other pneumoconiosis (4.84%, 69/1426) , suspected occupational silicosis (3.23%, 46/1426) and suspected occupational welder pneumoconiosis (1.82%, 26/1426) . The diagnostic rate required to enter the occupational disease diagnostic program is 36.61% (522/1426) , and the diagnostic rate is 59.20% (309/522) . In 2019, the diagnosis rate of suspected occupational diseases was the lowest (23.92%, 61/255) , Huadu District was the lowest (8.33%, 9/108) , suspected occupational pneumoconiosis was the lowest (28.03%, 44/157) , the diagnosis rate of suspected occupational diseases reported by the Centers for Disease control and prevention was the lowest (17.43%, 19/109) , and the diagnosis rate of suspected occupational diseases reported by outpatient treatment was the lowest (22.22%, 2/9) . The suspected occupational diseases reported by institutions outside Guangzhou did not enter the occupational disease diagnosis procedure. Suspected occupational skin diseases, suspected occupational diseases caused by physical factors and suspected occupational tumors were diagnosed, and the diagnosis rate of occupational disease prevention and control institutions was the highest (94.87%, 37/39) . Conclusion: The main types of suspected occupational diseases reported during these six years are noise deafness, chronic benzene poisoning and pneumoconiosis. The overall diagnosis rate and diagnosis rate of suspected occupational diseases are not high. It is suggested to improve the network direct reporting system of suspected occupational diseases and strengthen the follow-up management and supervision of suspected occupational diseases.
China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Noise, Occupational ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology* ; Physical Examination ; Pneumoconiosis/epidemiology* ; Silicosis

Objective: To understand the harm degree of underground noise and provide basis for noise control. Methods: In November 2019, 13 typical coal mines in Sichuan Province were selected as the research objects, and a total of 1203 sites and 609 jobs of noise exposure were investigated. Results: The noise intensity P75 >80 dB (A) was measured. The noise intensity of the inspection place of the air compressor is >86 dB (A) , the noise intensity of the inspection place of the gas drainage and the operation place of the main fan is between 80-85 dB (A) . Conclusion: Besides the harm of dust, noise exposure should also be paid attention to, and the measures of sound absorption and sound insulation should be taken or personal protection should be strengthened.
Coal ; Coal Mining ; Dust/analysis* ; Noise ; Occupational Exposure