OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Buyang huanwu decoction （BYHWD） and its active fractions in ameliorating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS BYHWD and its effective fractions obtained through ethanol precipitation， as well as 30% ethanol， 50% ethanol， and 75% ethanol fractions （namely， the CC effective fraction， 30YC effective fraction， 50YC effective fraction， and 75YC effective fraction）， were prepared. These preparations were administered to rats via intragastric administration to prepare corresponding drug-containing serum （blank serum and simvastatin-containing serum were prepared using the same protocol）. Human L02 hepatocytes were divided into control group， model group， simvastatin-containing serum group， BYHWD-containing serum group， CC-containing serum group， 30YC-containing serum group， 50YC-containing serum group， and 75YC-containing serum group. Except for the control group， other groups were given 0.2 mol/L oleic acid for 24 h to induce a lipid accumulation model， and then intervened with 20% drug-containing serum/blank serum for 24 h. The lipid deposition in cells was observed， and the proportion of lipid droplet area was calculated； the levels of triglycerides （TG） and indicators of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）] as well as liver function [alanine amino- transferase （ALT）， aspartate amino-transferase （AST）] in cells were detected； protein and mRNA expressions of AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 （SREBP-1）/glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase （GPAT） signaling pathway were also measured. RESULTS Compared with the control group， cells in the model group exhibited severe cellular steatosis， with a significantly increased proportion of lipid droplet area， as well as the elevated levels of TG， ALT， AST， and MDA in cells， along with significantly up-regulated mRNA and protein expression levels of SREBP-1 and GPAT （P＜0.05）. The level of SOD， mRNA expression of AMPK， as well as the protein phosphorylation level of AMPK were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， cellular steatosis was alleviated in all drug-containing serum groups， and the levels of most of the aforementioned quantitative indicators were significantly reversed （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS BYHWD and its active fractions can exert a therapeutic effect on improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the AMPK/SREBP-1/GPAT signaling pathway， inhibiting oxidative stress responses， and reducing lipid deposition.

This article presents a case study of a patient who visited the Geriatric Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital due to "palpitations, shortness of breath for more than 2 years, limb weakness for 6 months, edema, and nocturnal dyspnea for 2 months". The patient exhibited decreased muscle strength in the limbs and involvement of swallowing and respiratory muscles, alongside complications of heart failure and various arrhythmias which were predominantly atrial. Laboratory tests revealed the presence of multiple autoantibodies and notably anti-mitochondrial antibodies. Following a comprehensive multidisciplinary evaluation, the patient was diagnosed with anti-mitochondrial antibody-associated inflammatory myopathy. Treatment involved a combination of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, along with resistance exercises for muscle strength and rehabilitation training for lung function, resulting in significant improvement of clinical symptoms. The case underscores the importance of collaborative multidisciplinary approaches in diagnosing and treating rare diseases in elderly patients, where careful consideration of clinical manifestations and subtle abnormal clinical data can lead to effective interventions.

Lianggesan was first recorded in Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang， which was composed of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， Natrii Sulfas， Gardeniae Fructus， Forsythiae Fructus， Scutellariae Radix， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma（GRR）， Menthae Haplocalycis Herba， Lophatheri Herba and Mel. It was clinically applied to treat fire-heat syndrome in the upper and middle Jiao， and the curative effect was positive. In this study， the bibliometric method was used to conduct a detailed textual research on the formula name， medicinal composition， dosage evolution， origin and processing， functional indications and other aspects of Lianggesan. Research revealed that Lianggesan has six other names， such as Lianqiao Yinzi， Lianqiao Jiedusan， Jufang Lianggesan， Jiegu Lianggesan， Hejian Lianggesan and Qingji Lianggesan. Based on the edition of Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang， an analysis of the evolution of its formula composition revealed that the missing Chinese medicines were predominantly bamboo leaves and honey， while the added Chinese medicines were primarily supplements introduced to address changes in disease manifestations. After textual research， the dosage for one dose of Lianggesan from Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang was as follows：826 g of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， 826 g of Natrii Sulfas， 826 g of GRR， 413 g of Gardeniae Fructus， 413 g of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba， 413 g of Scutellariae Radix， and 1652 g of Forsythiae Fructus. Decocting method was as following：Grinding the Chinese medicines into coarse powder（2-4 mm）， taking 8.16 g per dose， adding 300 mL of water， along with 2 g of Lophatheri Herba and 5 g of Mel， and decocting to 140 mL. The residue was removed and taken warmly 30 min after meals. It was recommended to take it three times daily until improvement was achieved. The origins of the 9 Chinese medicines were consistent with the 2020 edition of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Except for GRR， which required single frying（stir-frying）， the remaining medicines were all raw products. The description of the function of this formula in ancient books was summarized as purging fire and promoting bowel movements， clearing heat from the upper body and purging the lower body， and the main syndromes included facial redness， tongue swelling， red eyes， etc. In modern applications， the formula is primarily used for respiratory and digestive system diseases， including acute lung injury， chronic obstructive pulmonary disease， herpetic angina and aphthous stomatitis， covering 142 types of diseases. In summary， this paper can provide a basis for further research and development of Lianggesan through the literature review and key information combing.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.019.].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of ecliptasaponin A (ESA) for alleviating dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mice and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice (8-10 weeks old) were equally randomized into control group, DSS-induced IBD model group, and DSS+ESA (50 mg/kg) treatment group. Disease activity index (DAI), colon length and spleen index of the mice were measured, and intestinal pathology was examined with HE staining. The expressions of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS) in the colon mucosa were detected using ELISA and RT-qPCR, and intestinal barrier integrity was assessed using AB-PAS staining and by detecting ZO-1 and claudin-1 expressions using immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. In cultured RAW264.7 macrophages, the effects of treatment with 50 μmol/L ESA, alone or in combination with 20 μmol/L RO8191 (a JAK2/STAT3 pathway activator), on M1 polarization of the cells induced by LPS and IFN-γ stimulation and expressions of JAK2/STAT3 pathway proteins were analyzed using flow cytometry and Western blotting. RESULTS: In the mouse models of DSS-induced IBD, ESA treatment significantly alleviated body weight loss and colon shortening, reduced DAI, spleen index and histological scores, and ameliorated inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon tissue. ESA treatment also suppressed TNF‑α, IL-6 and iNOS expressions, protected the goblet cells and the integrity of the mucus and mechanical barriers, and upregulated the expressions of ZO-1 and claudin-1. ESA treatment obviously decreased CD86⁺ M1 polarization in the mesenteric lymph nodes of IBD mice and in LPS and IFN-γ-induced RAW264.7 cells, and significantly reduced p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 expressions in both the mouse models and RAW264.7 cells. Treatment with RO8191 caused reactivation of JAK2/STAT3 and strongly attenuated the inhibitory effect of ESA on CD86⁺ polarization in RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSIONS ESA alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by suppressing JAK2/STAT3-mediated M1 macrophage polarization and mitigating inflammation-driven intestinal barrier damage.
Animals ; Mice ; Janus Kinase 2/metabolism* ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Male ; Dextran Sulfate ; Macrophages/cytology* ; Colitis/metabolism* ; Saponins/pharmacology* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Triterpenes/pharmacology* ; Interleukin-6/metabolism*

Ideological and political education within the curriculum of higher institutions of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） not only bears the important responsibility of promoting China's outstanding traditional culture but also serves as a vital domain for upholding integrity and innovation in medical education. These institutions must profoundly comprehend the contemporary significance of curriculum-based ideological and political education， clarify its core role in talent cultivation， leverage the distinctive advantages of TCM culture， and promote the organic integration of ideological education and professional training. By reviewing the current situation and development trends of ideological and political education in the curriculum of higher TCM institutions， this paper has analyzed the challenges in teaching design， teachers' ideological and political literacy and competence， and the integration of ideological content with specialized courses， and has proposed implementation strategies such as using TCM culture as a guiding force， strengthening teachers' teaching capacity in ideological and political education， developing distinctive educational resources， and improving evaluation and incentive mechanisms. These strategies aim to effectively enhance the impact of ideological and political education in the new era， fostering well-rounded TCM talents with both moral integrity and professional competence.

Objective:To explore the distribution of TCM syndromes in ulcerative colitis (UC) and their relationship with the characteristics colonoscopy mucosal and histological grading.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the TCM syndrome classification, colonoscopy mucosal images, and histological grading of 303 UC patients at Henan Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2023 to January 2024. The characteristics and correlation of colonoscopy mucosal images and histological grading in UC patients with different TCM syndrome types was explored.Results:The top three TCM syndrome types of UC patients were large intestine damp-heat syndrome (24.75%), spleen-qi deficiency syndrome (21.12%) and liver-stagnation and spleen-deficiency syndrome (19.80%). Compared with the syndrome of spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation, heat and toxin exuberance, cold and heat mixed syndrome, liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome, spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome, spleen qi deficiency syndrome, yin and blood deficiency syndrome, blood stasis and intestinal collateral syndrome, patients with colonic damp-heat syndrome type Ⅰ accounted for the highest proportion ( χ2=12.79, 16.24, 4.26, 16.54, 11.53, 14.16, 7.75, 10.91, P<0.05). The proportion of type Ⅲ patients was the lowest ( χ2=30.57, 33.59, 12.71, 23.63, 7.90, 19.88, 18.31, 17.31, P<0.05). Among the patients with different TCM syndrome types, the proportion of large intestine damp-heat syndrome in histological grade Ⅳ was the highest (66.67%), the proportion of blood stasis and intestinal meridian syndrome in histological grade Ⅲ was the highest (53.33%), the proportion of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome in histological grade Ⅱ was the highest (50.00%), and the proportion of spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome in histological grade Ⅰ was the highest (40.00%). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the large intestine damp-heat syndrome was significantly correlated with the characteristics of colonoscopy mucosal image and histological grade ( r=-0.563, 0.612, respectively, all P<0.001). The syndrome of spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation, heat and toxin exuberance, yin and blood deficiency, blood stasis and intestinal collateral were significantly positively correlated with the characteristics of colonoscopy mucosa ( r=0.373, 0.342, 0.263, 0.331, all P<0.05). The syndrome of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency and spleen and kidney yang deficiency were significantly negatively correlated with histological grade ( r=-0.417, -0.425, all P<0.01). Conclusions:The main TCM syndromes are large intestine damp-heat syndrome, spleen-qi deficiency syndrome and liver-qi deficiency syndrome, which are significantly correlated with the mucosal features and histological grade of colonoscopy. Colonoscopy and histophiologic examination can be used as objective indicators for TCM syndrome differentiation.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of selective hepatic inflow occlusion in laparoscopic hepatectomy.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 64 patients who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy.Based on the different methods of hepatic in-flow occlusion,the patients were divided into Pringle occlusion group with 31 patients(using inter-mittent Pringle's maneuver)and selective occlusion group with 33 patients(using selective hepatic inflow occlusion).The general,intraoperative,and postoperative data were compared between the two groups.Results There were no statistically significant differences in general data,operative time,intraoperative blood loss,central venous pressure,and mean arterial pressure between the two groups(P＞0.05).On postoperative day 3,the levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and total bilirubin(TBil)in the selective occlusion group were lower than those in the Pringle occlusion group(P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in length of hospital stay and postoperative complication rates between the two groups(P＞0.05).Sub-group analysis showed that in patients undergoing laparoscopic hemihepatectomy,the AST and ALT levels on postoperative day 3 were lower in the selective occlusion group than in the Pringle occlusion group(P＜0.05).In patients undergoing laparoscopic liver segmentectomy,the TBil level on postop-erative day 3 was lower in the selective occlusion group than in the Pringle occlusion group(P＜0.05),but there were no statistically significant differences in AST and ALT levels between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Selective hepatic inflow occlusion demonstrates good safety and efficacy in laparoscopic hepatectomy.It can significantly reduce postoperative liver function damage,espe-cially in patients undergoing hemihepatectomy.

BACKGROUND:After the internal fixation of cannulated screws in femoral neck fractures,because the affected limb is often unable to bear weight in the short term and the implants with high stiffness have a stress shielding effect on the fracture end,it is easy to cause osteoporosis of the affected limb and changes in the biomechanical distribution of the proximal femur,the incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head is high after surgery.At present,few studies have been conducted on the biomechanical effects of osteoporosis at the proximal end of the femur occurring after femoral neck fracture surgery on femoral neck fracture treated with cannulated screws. OBJECTIVE:Using finite element analysis,to investigate the biomechanical effects of osteoporosis occurring after femoral neck fracture surgery on femoral neck fracture treated with cannulated screws and explore the role of biomechanical factors in osteonecrosis of the femoral head. METHODS:Based on the obtained CT scan data of the femur in a patient with a femoral neck fracture,a proximal femoral model for internal fixation for femoral neck fracture was established by Mimics 19.0,3-Matic,UG 11.0,Hypermesh 14.0,and Abaqus software.One finite element model of the proximal femur without osteoporosis and three finite element models of the proximal femur with osteoporosis were analyzed using Abaqus software.The stress,contact pressure,displacement peak and cloud map under different components of the four models were measured and analyzed,and the internal stress changes and distribution of the femoral head were compared and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The stresses and contact pressures of the femoral head and lower anterior cannulated screws varied more with the degree of osteoporosis.The peak displacement of the four models increased slowly with the degree of osteoporosis.By one-way analysis of variance,there was no significant effect of the degree of osteoporosis on the peak stress,contact pressure,and displacement of the different components.The internal stress distribution of the femoral head changed with the degree of osteoporosis.Changes in the biomechanical environment of the proximal femur have an important impact on osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Orthognathic surgery is a classic procedure to correct dentomaxillofacial deformities. Due to the complexity of the dentomaxillofacial anatomy, detailed and accurate surgical planning is usually required before the operation. With the rapid development of medical imaging technologies and surgical planning softwares in recent years, virtual surgical planning(VSP) has been increasingly applied in orthognathic surgery to provide more accurate, efficient and predictable planning and simulation. The design and development of VSP in orthognathic surgery involves image acquisition and composite head model construction, three-dimensional reference frame definition, virtual occlusion setup, virtual osteotomy and surgical simulation, soft tissue prediction and transfer tools. This paper summarizes the research of related steps for clinical reference.