Background Neck-related work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a major type of musculoskeletal disorders with a relatively high proportion. Shanghai has a large number of occupational populations; however, the occurrence of WMSDs at neck among the occupational populations across industries in this city has not been reported, and needs to be addressed. Objective To understand the occurrence of neck-related WMSDs and their influencing factors among occupational populations in 8 industries in Shanghai, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of WMSDs in this population. Methods From February 2024 to February 2025, a cross-sectional survey employed stratified cluster sampling to select 7829 employed workers from 48 enterprises across 8 industries in Shanghai. The study investigated the occurrence of neck-related WMSDs among the participants over the preceding 12 months. Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the relationships between WMSDs and various occupational factors. Results A total of 7770 questionnaires were collected, yielding an effective response rate of 99.2%. Overall, the positive rate of neck-related WMSDs among the participants was 11.89% (924/7770). Among different industries, the environmental sanitation industry (19.48%), pharmaceutical manufacturing industry (14.57%), and cigarette manufacturing industry (13.66%) had higher prevalence of neck-related WMSDs. Univariate analysis showed that the risk of neck-related WMSDs was higher in the following groups: those with a job tenure ≥5 years in the current position (OR=1.50–1.70), females (OR=1.77), those with higher education levels (master’s degree or above, OR=2.27), and those with worse self-rated health (very poor health, OR=4.38) (P＜0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following independent risk factors for neck WMSDs: environmental sanitation industry (OR=7.30, 95%CI: 4.72, 11.87), higher educational attainment (master’s degree or above: OR=2.16, 95%CI: 1.36, 3.35), worse self-rated health status (very poor: OR=1.95, 95%CI: 1.31, 2.85), work performed in a single workshop (OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.13, 1.64), understaffing (OR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.25, 1.70), slight neck forward flexion (OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.32, 2.06), severe neck forward flexion (OR=2.55, 95%CI: 1.97, 3.30), and maintaining a fixed neck posture for a prolonged period (OR=2.28, 95%CI: 1.93, 2.70). Conversely, work rotation (OR=0.75, 95%CI: 0.65, 0.87), adequate rest (OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.60, 0.82), and severe back flexion (OR=0.63, 95%CI: 0.46, 0.85) were protective factors against neck-related WMSDs. For the nomogram, the area under the curve (AUC)=0.75 (95%CI: 0.74, 0.77), Hosmer-Lemeshow test P=0.764, and Brier score=0.094, indicating that the model had good discrimination and calibration. Conclusion Among the occupational populations in Shanghai, the environmental sanitation industry, pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, and cigarette manufacturing industry are identified as high-risk industries for neck-related WMSDs. Industry affiliation, educational level, work organization patterns, and awkward neck working postures are confirmed as the core influencing factors for the development of neck-related WMSDs. Targeted and comprehensive intervention measures should be formulated focusing on the aforementioned high-risk industries and key influencing factors. Multi-dimensional collaborative efforts, including ergonomic optimization, improvement of labor management systems, and strengthened health education and promotion, should be implemented to effectively control the risk of neck-related WMSDs in the occupational population, and to provide robust statistical evidence for the advancement of regional occupational health prevention and control strategies.

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） compound prescriptions serve as crucial practical embodiments of TCM theoretical frameworks， characterized by their complex multi-component composition and multi-target interactions. The research on the material basis of their pharmacological effects has gradually become the key to promoting the modernization of TCM. In recent years， new ideas and theories regarding the research on pharmacodynamic substance basis of TCM compound prescriptions have been continuously proposed. This review systematically summarizes and reviews analytical techniques such as targeted fishing technology， spectrum-effect relationship analysis， serum pharmacochemistry， network pharmacology， high-throughput screening， and cell membrane chromatography. It is found that these techniques exhibit unique advantages in areas including target-specific analysis， component-pharmacological effect correlation analysis， identification of the material basis in vitro and in vivo， prediction of multi-target mechanisms， efficient screening of active ingredients， and analysis of interactions between cell membrane receptors. These techniques compensate for the shortcomings of traditional research methods， enhance the systematicness and precision of research on pharmacodynamic substance based TCM compound prescriptions， and can provide theoretical support for the promotion and clinical application of TCM compound prescriptions.

As a serine protease,thrombin can convert soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin and plays a pivotal role in the coagulation cascade.Therefore,the accurate quantitative assay of thrombin levels is of great value in the evaluation of coagulation function,clinical screening and prognostic monitoring of coagulation-related diseases,and screening of drugs for targeted therapy.Existing methods for thrombin detection can be divided into two categories,e.g.,the assay of concentration levels using nucleic acid aptamers as the affinity elements and the assay of activity levels based on the hydrolytic cleavage of substrate peptides.In recent years,electrochemical biosensors have attracted much attention in thrombin detection due to high sensitivity,high selectivity,simple instrument,fast response,and good portability.In this review,the latest research progress in methods for electrochemical detection of thrombin was summarized,focusing on the detection principles and the applied signal amplification strategies of related electrochemical biosensors.In addition,the challenges with respect to the practical use of electrochemical thrombin biosensors and the prospects were discussed.

In the study of kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury, rhabdomyolysis induced kidney injury, hyperuricemia induced kidney injury and other diseases, Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus extract has shown various pharmacological effects such as lowering uric acid, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, sedative and sedative effects. It can improve kidney function by reducing inflammatory response, inhibiting oxidative stress, regulating related enzyme activity and other mechanisms. At the same time, Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus extract also has hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects, which can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, inhibit inflammatory reaction, and reduce oxidative stress. It has potential application prospects in the treatment of diabetes nephropathy. At present, current research is mostly focused on animal and cellular experiment levels. Although certain achievements have been made, further clinical research is still needed to clarify its effectiveness and safety in the human body, and to further explore the active components to promote its application in the treatment of kidney diseases in clinical practice.

ObjectiveThis study aims to develop a prediction model for the compatibility of Chinese medicinal pairs based on Graph Convolutional Networks （GCN）， named HC-GCN. The model integrates the properties of herbs with modern pharmacological mechanisms to predict pairs with specific therapeutic effects. It serves as a demonstration by applying the model to predict and validate the efficacy of blood-activating herb pairs. MethodsThe training dataset for herb pair prediction was constructed by systematically collecting commonly used herb pairs along with their characteristic data， including Qi， flavor， meridian tropism， and target genes. Integrating traditional characteristics of herb with modern bioinformatics， we developed an efficacy-oriented herb pair compatibility prediction model （HC-GCN） using graph convolutional networks （GCN）. This model leverages machine learning to capture the complex relationships in herb pair compatibility， weighted by efficacy features. The performance of the HC-GCN model was evaluated using accuracy （ACC）， recall， precision， F1 score （F1）， and area under the ROC curve （AUC）. Its predictive effectiveness was then compared to five other machine learning models： eXtreme Gradient Boosting （XGBoost）， logistic regression （LR）， Naive Bayes， K-nearest neighbor （KNN）， and support vector machine （SVM）. ResultsUsing herb pairs with blood-activating effects as a demonstration， a prediction model was constructed based on a foundational dataset of 46 blood-activating herb pairs， incorporating their Qi， flavor， meridian tropism， and target gene characteristics. The HC-GCN model outperforms other commonly used machine learning models in key performance metrics， including ACC， recall， precision， F1 score， and AUC. Through the predictive analysis of the HC-GCN model， 60 herb pairs with blood-activating effects were successfully identified. Among of these potential herb pairs， 44 include at least one herb with blood-activating effects. ConclusionIn this study， we established an efficacy-oriented compatibility prediction model for herb pairs based on GCN by integrating the unique characteristics of traditional herbs with modern pharmacological mechanisms. This model demonstrated high predictive performance， offering a novel approach for the intelligent screening and optimization of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions， as well as their clinical applications.

There are various complicated wired connections in traditional endoscopic systems, which have disadvantages such as prolonging the preoperative setup time, restricting the movement of laparoscope, hindering the intraoperative manipulation, potentially contaminating the operation area and causing safety hazards.Our team has developed a wireless intelligent ultra-high-definition endoscopic system for the first time, which has been widely applied in many urological surgeries, such as tumors, stones, transurethral prostate enucleation, laparoscopic pyeloureteroplasty, laparoscopic renal cyst top decompression and so on.This essay reviews the applications and advantages of this system in urology, and forecasts its prospects.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

Objective:To investigate the effect of semaglutide on the metabolomics of obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated by metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).Methods:A prospective non-randomized controlled study was conducted. Obese patients with T2DM complicated by MAFLD who attended the Department of Endocrinology of Shijiazhuang People′s Hospital from October 2022 to June 2023 were selected as the semaglutide group, and healthy individuals from the physical examination center were selected as the control group. Clinical data of both groups were collected. The semaglutide group was subcutaneously injected with semaglutide following a basic hypoglycemic regimen (starting dose of 0.25 mg once a week, which was changed to 0.5 mg once a week after 1 week for 12 weeks). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used for qualitative and quantitative analyses of plasma metabolites, and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the metabolomics data.Results:In total, 69 patients in the semaglutide group completed the treatment, with 49 males (71%) and a median age of 46 (36, 54) years, and the healthy control group consisted of 100 individuals, with 38 males (38%) and a median age of 40 (35, 45) years. The body mass index and levels of fasting blood glucose, alanine aminotransferase, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the semaglutide group before treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.001). The body mass index [23.65 (22.33, 24.45) vs. 28.72 (27.50, 32.07) kg/m 2], liver stiffness measurement [1.61 (0.91, 2.00) vs. 5.78 (5.51, 6.10) kPa], and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index [5.10 (2.90, 7.95) vs. 9.00 (6.25, 11.80)] in the semaglutide group were significantly lower after treatment than before treatment (all P<0.001), and the blood glucose, blood lipid, liver function indicator, and IL-6 levels all significantly decreased after treatment. Metabolomics analysis revealed that there were 219 differential metabolites (131 up-regulated and 88 down-regulated) between the semaglutide group ( n=27) before treatment and the control group ( n=12), with glycerophospholipids and free fatty acids being significantly up-regulated. The semaglutide group showed 203 differential metabolites (121 up-regulated and 82 down-regulated) after treatment compared with before, with significant down-regulation of long-chain fatty acids and significant up-regulation of metabolites including carnitines, branched-chain amino acids, and taurine. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that the differential metabolites identified before and after semaglutide treatment were involved in several signaling pathways, such as biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid metabolism, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, and the mTOR signaling pathway, etc. Conclusion:Semaglutide alters the serum metabolite levels in obese patients with T2DM complicated by MAFLD.