Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）， as one of the three major causes of death， is a complex systemic disease with high prevalence， high mortality， high disability， frequent acute exacerbations， and a variety of pulmonary complications. The pathogenesis is complex. Western medicine has no effective specificity scheme for a complete cure. However， multiple-component and multiple-target characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） demonstrate significant advantages in COPD treatment through multi-link， multi-pathway， and multi-mechanism intervention. Therefore， exploring the essence of COPD pathogenesis and discovering effective TCM treatment drugs through the application of TCM principles and prescriptions is a key focus of modern research. Animal models are of paramount importance in medical research. It is the first consideration to select appropriate animals， adopt reasonable modeling methods to replicate stable animal models that closely resemble the clinical manifestations and pathophysiological characteristics of COPD， and use appropriate evaluation methods to determine the success of COPD animal models in experimental research. The core of experimental research lies in observing the intervention effect of TCM on COPD animal models， exploring the specific pathways and regulatory mechanisms of TCM on COPD disease， and finding TCM monomers， single herbs， and TCM formulas with definite curative effects. At present， animal model research on COPD mainly involves model establishment， model evaluation， efficacy observation， mechanism exploration， and other aspects. In recent years， there has been no systematic organization， update， and reflection on the relevant research on TCM intervention in COPD animal models. This study reviewed the selection of animals for the COPD model， methods for establishing COPD animal models， model evaluation methods， and the intervention effects of TCM on COPD animal models. It aims to grasp the current research status and identify existing problems for further improvement， in order to provide evidence and support for scientific research and clinical treatment of COPD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）， as one of the three major causes of death， is a complex systemic disease with high prevalence， high mortality， high disability， frequent acute exacerbations， and a variety of pulmonary complications. The pathogenesis is complex. Western medicine has no effective specificity scheme for a complete cure. However， multiple-component and multiple-target characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） demonstrate significant advantages in COPD treatment through multi-link， multi-pathway， and multi-mechanism intervention. Therefore， exploring the essence of COPD pathogenesis and discovering effective TCM treatment drugs through the application of TCM principles and prescriptions is a key focus of modern research. Animal models are of paramount importance in medical research. It is the first consideration to select appropriate animals， adopt reasonable modeling methods to replicate stable animal models that closely resemble the clinical manifestations and pathophysiological characteristics of COPD， and use appropriate evaluation methods to determine the success of COPD animal models in experimental research. The core of experimental research lies in observing the intervention effect of TCM on COPD animal models， exploring the specific pathways and regulatory mechanisms of TCM on COPD disease， and finding TCM monomers， single herbs， and TCM formulas with definite curative effects. At present， animal model research on COPD mainly involves model establishment， model evaluation， efficacy observation， mechanism exploration， and other aspects. In recent years， there has been no systematic organization， update， and reflection on the relevant research on TCM intervention in COPD animal models. This study reviewed the selection of animals for the COPD model， methods for establishing COPD animal models， model evaluation methods， and the intervention effects of TCM on COPD animal models. It aims to grasp the current research status and identify existing problems for further improvement， in order to provide evidence and support for scientific research and clinical treatment of COPD.

With the development of society,the incidence of obesity has increased year by year in recent years,which has seriously jeopardized public health and safety,and has been a hot spot in the field of endocrine research.At the same time,obesity is also an important cause of a variety of metabolic diseases,such as metabolic syndrome,pre-diabetes,hypertension and polycystic ovary syndrome and other diseases,but the etiology and mechanism of obesity have not been completely clear,and basic research on obesity of traditional Chinese and western medicine still needs to be widely carried out.In this paper,animal models of obesity and its complications will be comprehensively summarized,and the model principles will be elaborated in combination with TCM syndromes and western medicine mechanisms,and evaluate their merits and demerits,so as to provide references for the selection of reasonable animal models for relevant experimental studies of obesity.

Objective To apply the evidence mapping system,the evidence of traditional Chinese medicine related research on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease intervention was identified,described and evaluated.Methods CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library and other databases were searched before November 2023 to obtain systematic review/meta-analysis/network meta-analysis.The AMSTAR 2 scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies.Results A total of 111 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis/network Meta-analysis were included.In the observation group,most of them were treated with traditional Chinese medicine decoction,and the treatment methods were mostly warming,eliminating,clearing and so on.Traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease could increase lung function and 6-minute walking distance(6WMD),improve efficiency and arterial oxygen partial pressure(PaO2),relieve clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients.According to the evaluation results of AMSTAR 2 scale,the overall methodological quality of systematic review/Meta-analysis was not high,and there was a lack of sufficient evidence to support the efficacy of TCM treatment.Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine has a certain effect on the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,but the quality of evidence included in the literature needs to be improved.In the future,high-quality research should be carried out to provide evidence-based evidence.

Objective To apply the evidence mapping system,the evidence of traditional Chinese medicine related research on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease intervention was identified,described and evaluated.Methods CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library and other databases were searched before November 2023 to obtain systematic review/meta-analysis/network meta-analysis.The AMSTAR 2 scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies.Results A total of 111 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis/network Meta-analysis were included.In the observation group,most of them were treated with traditional Chinese medicine decoction,and the treatment methods were mostly warming,eliminating,clearing and so on.Traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease could increase lung function and 6-minute walking distance(6WMD),improve efficiency and arterial oxygen partial pressure(PaO2),relieve clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients.According to the evaluation results of AMSTAR 2 scale,the overall methodological quality of systematic review/Meta-analysis was not high,and there was a lack of sufficient evidence to support the efficacy of TCM treatment.Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine has a certain effect on the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,but the quality of evidence included in the literature needs to be improved.In the future,high-quality research should be carried out to provide evidence-based evidence.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a common but preventable and treatable lung disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation.Comorbidities related to COPD have recently received widespread attention because of their serious effects on the quality of life and prognosis of patients,and their role in promoting the malignant development of COPD.Experimental animal models provide a key for studying the pathogenesis of COPD and its related comorbidities and for exploring effective treatment methods.This review summarizes the modeling methods and research progress into experimental animal models of COPD-related comorbidities,to provide references and guidance for future clinical research and screening of animal models of related comorbidities.

Guided by the pathogenesis of"structure-activity imbalance of lung collaterals",this paper proposes that structure-activity imbalance of lung collaterals is the initial factor of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)and elucidates the pathogenesis of abnormal changes in biomechanical properties of IPF.It is postulated that the changes of biomechanical properties of lung tissue are closely related to the injury of lung qi collaterals,the abnormal mechanical stress are closely related to the injury of lung blood collaterals,and the biomechanical response of intrapulmonary resident cells is closely related to the structure-activity imbalance of lung collaterals,which ultimately leading to abnormal increase in lung tissue stiffness and progressive scarring formation in lung tissue.Integrating traditional pathogenesis concepts with microscopic pathological changes,and the in-depth exploration of the correlation between the structure-activity imbalance of lung collaterals and the biomechanical properties of IPF can provide direction for exploring IPF medical-engineering cross research,which are of great significance for enriching the syndrome and treatment system of lung collateral diseases.

Objective To systematically review and analyze the characteristics and current status of registered clinical trials on Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)for the prevention and treatment of overweight/obesity.Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of two primary clinical trial registration platforms,the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov,to extract registered information on TCM interventions for overweight/obesity.The search period spanned from the establishment of each registry to December 31,2024.Statistical analysis was performed on the extracted registration data.Results A total of 226 clinical studies were included,with a cumulative sample size of 25165 participants.The annual registration volume exhibited a significant upward trend.The majority of studies were interventional in design,with primary outcome measures focusing on anthropometric and metabolic indicators.Notably,only two trials fully met the international standards for clinical trial registration as outlined by the World Health Organization(WHO).Conclusion A quality assessment of the overall registration data revealed that the quality of trial registrations remains suboptimal.Issues such as inadequate standardization,transparency,and comprehensiveness were identified.Additionally,the geographical distribution of registered trials was uneven,and there is an urgent need to refine outcome measures related to TCM syndrome differentiation.

Objective To systematically review and analyze the characteristics and current status of registered clinical trials on Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)for the prevention and treatment of overweight/obesity.Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of two primary clinical trial registration platforms,the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov,to extract registered information on TCM interventions for overweight/obesity.The search period spanned from the establishment of each registry to December 31,2024.Statistical analysis was performed on the extracted registration data.Results A total of 226 clinical studies were included,with a cumulative sample size of 25165 participants.The annual registration volume exhibited a significant upward trend.The majority of studies were interventional in design,with primary outcome measures focusing on anthropometric and metabolic indicators.Notably,only two trials fully met the international standards for clinical trial registration as outlined by the World Health Organization(WHO).Conclusion A quality assessment of the overall registration data revealed that the quality of trial registrations remains suboptimal.Issues such as inadequate standardization,transparency,and comprehensiveness were identified.Additionally,the geographical distribution of registered trials was uneven,and there is an urgent need to refine outcome measures related to TCM syndrome differentiation.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a common but preventable and treatable lung disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation.Comorbidities related to COPD have recently received widespread attention because of their serious effects on the quality of life and prognosis of patients,and their role in promoting the malignant development of COPD.Experimental animal models provide a key for studying the pathogenesis of COPD and its related comorbidities and for exploring effective treatment methods.This review summarizes the modeling methods and research progress into experimental animal models of COPD-related comorbidities,to provide references and guidance for future clinical research and screening of animal models of related comorbidities.