MiRNA,as a class of short non-coding RNA molecules,plays an important role in the post-transcriptional regula-tion of gene expression.miRNAs regulate gene expression by targeting specific mRNA sequences,thereby affecting various cellular bio-logical behaviors,including proliferation,apoptosis,migration,and invasion.In recent years,it has been found that miRNA may play an important role in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma.This article provides a review of the research progress on the association between miRNA and the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

MiRNA,as a class of short non-coding RNA molecules,plays an important role in the post-transcriptional regula-tion of gene expression.miRNAs regulate gene expression by targeting specific mRNA sequences,thereby affecting various cellular bio-logical behaviors,including proliferation,apoptosis,migration,and invasion.In recent years,it has been found that miRNA may play an important role in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma.This article provides a review of the research progress on the association between miRNA and the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective:To investigate the effects of decorin (DCN) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells.Methods:Bladder cancer T24 cell line was used as the research object. MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of DCN at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg/L) on T24 cell proliferation at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The effects of DCN on T24 cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. MTT assay, Transwell migration and invasion experiments were used to detect the effects of DCN on the adhesion, migration and invasion ability of T24 cells. The effects of DCN on TGF-β1 and P21 protein expression were detected by ELISA and Western blotting.Results:T24 cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L DCN at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, and there were statistically significant diffe-rences in cell proliferation activity ( F=168.64, P<0.001; F=165.81, P<0.001; F=291.02, P<0.001; F=148.93, P<0.001). T24 cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L DCN for 72 h, and the cell proliferation activities were (60.71±3.03)%, (40.82±2.09)%, (37.24±1.63)%, (25.65±2.55)%, (23.00±2.67)%, (10.78±1.17)%, (11.04±0.96)%, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference. At the concentration of 40 mg/L, the proliferation activity reached the lowest level, and the inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was the strongest. At concentrations of 40 and 50 mg/L, the cells in G 1 phase reached the peak value, while the cells in S phase reached the lowest value, and the cells in G 2 phase remained unchanged throughout the treatment process. T24 cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L DCN for 72 h, and the apoptosis rates of cells were (12.18±1.17)%, (21.24±1.05)%, (19.80±1.20)%, (26.52±1.40)%, (30.86±1.40)%, (52.99±1.22)%, (43.04±2.16)%, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=178.54, P<0.001). The differences between 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg/L DCN and 0 mg/L DCN were all statistically significant (all P<0.001). When T24 cells were treated with 0, 40 mg/L DCN for 72 h, the cell adhesion rates were (37.14±1.35)% and (59.86±1.95)%, the numbers of migrated cells were 53.86±3.18 and 12.86±1.35, and there were statistically significant differences ( t=25.25, P<0.001; t=31.36, P<0.001). When DCN was applied to T24 cells for 48 h, the numbers of invasion at 0, 40 mg/L were 235.14±3.44 and 160.86±3.13, and there was a statistically significant difference ( t=2.27, P<0.001). When T24 cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L DCN for 72 h, the relative expression levels of TGF-β1 were 85.67±3.35, 45.51±1.19, 49.93±4.15, 47.64±3.53, 46.05±3.18, 25.54±2.25, 33.44±4.05, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=324.58, P<0.001). Compared with 0 mg/L DCN, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L DCN could significantly inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 (all P<0.001). Compared with 0 mg/L DCN, P21 protein was upregulated 72 h after treatment with 40 mg/L DCN. Conclusion:DCN can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of T24 cells in vitro, and has the effect of anti-metastasis of T24 cells.

Objective To summarize the situations and characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADR)of bevacizumab(Bev)combined with chemotherapy in treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Methods The medical data of the patients with advanced colorectal cancer who received Bev combined with chemotherapy in Shanxi Tumor Hospital from April 2010 to December 2016 were collected for retrospective analysis. The sexual distinction,age,therapeutic regimen,time of using Bev,types and grades of adverse reactions which were related to chemotherapy and Bev respectively,the time from medication to appearance of ADR,and the patients′outcomes were comparied. Results A total of 83 patients were enrolled in the study. Of them,39 were males and 44 were females. Fifty-eight cases were <65 years old,25 cases were≥65 years old. There were 43 patients with colon cancer and 40 patients with rectal cancer. Forty-five patients received the treatment with Bev combined with first-line chemotherapy,and the number of cases who received mFOLFOX,FOLFIRI and fluorouracil were 18,22 and 5,respectively. Thirty-eight patients received the treatment with Bev combined with second-line chemotherapy,and the number of cases receiving mFOLFOX,FOLFIRI and fluorouracil were 9,19 and 10,respectively. Of 83 patients,71 patients developed totally 152 case-times ADRs which were related to chemotherapy drugs,among them 31 patients developed 31 case-times ADRs related to Bev. The incidences of ADRs associated with chemotherapy drugs and Bev were 85.5% and 37.3%,respectively. The forenamed proportions were 83.1%(152/183)and 16.9%(31/183)respectively in the total case-times of ADRs. The top five incidences of ADRs associated with chemotherapy drugs were bone marrow suppression(59.0%,49/83),nausea and vomiting(51.8%, 43/83),fatigue(19.3%,16/83),peripheral neuritis(15.7%,13/83)and abnormal liver function (10.8%,9/83),successively. The proportions of levels of I,II,III and IV of ADRs were 28.2%(20/71),36.6%(26/71),23.9%(17/71)and 11.3%(8/71),respectively. The highest incidence of ADRs associated with Bev was hypertension(13.3%,11/83),after that the incidences were hemorrhage (12. 0%,10/83),thrombosis(6. 0%,5/83),intestinal perforation(2. 4%,2/83),proteinuria (2.4%,2/83)and wound healing syndrome(1.2%,1/83),successively. The proportions of levels ofⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣof ADR were 58.1%(18/31),19.4%(6/31),16.1%(5/31)and 6.5%(2/31), respectively. The ADRs related to the chemotherapy drugs appeared on day 1-115 after medications,the proportion of less than or equal to 3 months were 73.2%(52/71). The ADRs related to Bev appeared on day 5-130 after medications,the proportion of less than or equal to 3 months were 87.1%(27/31). The results of stratification analysis of gender,age(<65 years old and≥65 years old),using time(first-line or second-line chemotherapy),cumulant of Bev(≤6 periods and >6 periods),and combined with different chemotherapy regimens(mFOLFOX,FOLFIRI and fluorouracil)showed that there were no significant differences between the incidences of ADRs related to chemotherapeutic drugs and Bev among the groups of different clinical features. The proportion of levels III and IV ADRs related to chemotherapeutic drugs were higher than those of Bev combining with single drug regimen of 5-FU(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in ADR level distributions of chemotherapeutic drugs and Bev in other clinical features groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions The main ADRs caused by Bev combined with different chemotherapies in treatment of advanced colorectal cancer are ADR related to chemotherapeutic drugs. The ADRs associated with chemotherapeutic drugs and Bev are level Ⅰ-Ⅱ mainly and had better safety.

Objective To summarize the situations and characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADR)of bevacizumab(Bev)combined with chemotherapy in treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Methods The medical data of the patients with advanced colorectal cancer who received Bev combined with chemotherapy in Shanxi Tumor Hospital from April 2010 to December 2016 were collected for retrospective analysis. The sexual distinction,age,therapeutic regimen,time of using Bev,types and grades of adverse reactions which were related to chemotherapy and Bev respectively,the time from medication to appearance of ADR,and the patients′outcomes were comparied. Results A total of 83 patients were enrolled in the study. Of them,39 were males and 44 were females. Fifty-eight cases were <65 years old,25 cases were≥65 years old. There were 43 patients with colon cancer and 40 patients with rectal cancer. Forty-five patients received the treatment with Bev combined with first-line chemotherapy,and the number of cases who received mFOLFOX,FOLFIRI and fluorouracil were 18,22 and 5,respectively. Thirty-eight patients received the treatment with Bev combined with second-line chemotherapy,and the number of cases receiving mFOLFOX,FOLFIRI and fluorouracil were 9,19 and 10,respectively. Of 83 patients,71 patients developed totally 152 case-times ADRs which were related to chemotherapy drugs,among them 31 patients developed 31 case-times ADRs related to Bev. The incidences of ADRs associated with chemotherapy drugs and Bev were 85.5% and 37.3%,respectively. The forenamed proportions were 83.1%(152/183)and 16.9%(31/183)respectively in the total case-times of ADRs. The top five incidences of ADRs associated with chemotherapy drugs were bone marrow suppression(59.0%,49/83),nausea and vomiting(51.8%, 43/83),fatigue(19.3%,16/83),peripheral neuritis(15.7%,13/83)and abnormal liver function (10.8%,9/83),successively. The proportions of levels of I,II,III and IV of ADRs were 28.2%(20/71),36.6%(26/71),23.9%(17/71)and 11.3%(8/71),respectively. The highest incidence of ADRs associated with Bev was hypertension(13.3%,11/83),after that the incidences were hemorrhage (12. 0%,10/83),thrombosis(6. 0%,5/83),intestinal perforation(2. 4%,2/83),proteinuria (2.4%,2/83)and wound healing syndrome(1.2%,1/83),successively. The proportions of levels ofⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣof ADR were 58.1%(18/31),19.4%(6/31),16.1%(5/31)and 6.5%(2/31), respectively. The ADRs related to the chemotherapy drugs appeared on day 1-115 after medications,the proportion of less than or equal to 3 months were 73.2%(52/71). The ADRs related to Bev appeared on day 5-130 after medications,the proportion of less than or equal to 3 months were 87.1%(27/31). The results of stratification analysis of gender,age(<65 years old and≥65 years old),using time(first-line or second-line chemotherapy),cumulant of Bev(≤6 periods and >6 periods),and combined with different chemotherapy regimens(mFOLFOX,FOLFIRI and fluorouracil)showed that there were no significant differences between the incidences of ADRs related to chemotherapeutic drugs and Bev among the groups of different clinical features. The proportion of levels III and IV ADRs related to chemotherapeutic drugs were higher than those of Bev combining with single drug regimen of 5-FU(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in ADR level distributions of chemotherapeutic drugs and Bev in other clinical features groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions The main ADRs caused by Bev combined with different chemotherapies in treatment of advanced colorectal cancer are ADR related to chemotherapeutic drugs. The ADRs associated with chemotherapeutic drugs and Bev are level Ⅰ-Ⅱ mainly and had better safety.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Bevacizumab (Bev) combined with chemotherapy protocols in the patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).Methods 43 patients with mCRC were treated with Bev combined with various of chemotherapy protocols.The efficacy was assessed based on Response Evaluation Criterion for Solid Tumors (RECIST),and the adverse events were evaluated according to National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criterion for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) 3.0.Results The data of 43 patients (16 males and 27 females) were analyzed.17 patients achieved partial remission (PR),19 patients stable disease (SD) and 7 patients progressive disease (PD).The median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 10.3 months.The major of 3-4 adverse events included leucocytopenia,neutropenic febrile,and nausea/vomiting.Bey-associated adverse events were proteinuria,hypertension,rhinorrhagia,hemorrhagic hemorrhoid,menstrual blood increased,gastrointestinal perforation and venous thrombosis.Conclusions Bey combined with various chemotherapy protocols is more effective for patients with mCRC.Most patients can tolerate the side effects of the combined treatment.The long-term effects of the combined treatment need to be followed up.

Objective To study the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and microvessel density (MVD) in prostatic cancer (PCa) and correlation with their metastasis. Methods The expression of MMP-9 and CD34(marked MVD) was detected by immunohistochemistry in 70 cases of prostatic diseases,including PCa (42 cases) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)(28 cases), compared clinical-stage and pathology and studied their results by statistical methods. Results The positive rate of MMP-9 in BPH and PCa was 10.7% (3/28) and 54.8% (23/42), the positive rate of MMP-9 was significantly higher in PCa than that in BPH (P< 0.05). The positive rate of MMP-9 in PCa metastasis group (C+D phase) and situ group (A+B phase) was 76.9% (20/26) and 18.8% (3/16),there was statistically significant difference between PCa metastasis group and situ group (P < 0.01). The concentration of MVD in PCa metastasis group and situ group was (69.47 ± 11.86), (51.09 ± 11.98) points each view, there was statistically significant difference between PCa metastasis group and situ group(P< 0.01) ,and all of MVD in PCa was significantly higher than that in BPH (27.92 ± 8.41) points each view (P < 0.01). The higher MMP-9 expression was positively correlated with increased MVD in PCa (r = 0.325,P< 0.05). Conclusion MMP-9 and MVD can be as indicator to pridict the metastasis of PCa.

The co-culture system of early embryos and cancer cells is an important means to observe the biological behavior changes of embryos and cancer cells in vitro. In this study, we co-cultured the 3.5 dpc mouse embryo with malignant tumor cells, investigated the development of blastocyst by observing the hatchment, attachment and outgrowth, observed the biological behavior changes of cancer cells in the embryonic circumstances, and detected the proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells. Compared with the control, the embryos developed normally in the tumor environments, and the rate of hatchment, attachment and outgrowth increased significantly (P<0.05). However, there was no significant change of cancer cells in morphology, proliferation and apoptosis in the co-culture system (P>0.05). Under the co-culture system, the early embryo developed normally, and the cancer cells also grew well. There may be similarities between the embryos and cancer cell's choice for living. Moreover, the growth of embryos could be promoted by cancer cells in the co-culture system. This might be related to the similarities of gene expression, growth factors and signal transduction mechanisms between embryos and cancer cells.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; cytology ; physiology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Coculture Techniques ; Embryo Culture Techniques ; methods ; Embryo, Mammalian ; cytology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Melanoma ; pathology ; Mice