Basilar artery pseudoaneurysm (BAPA) is an extremely rare yet life-threatening intracranial vascular lesion, characterized by insidious clinical onset and a remarkably high mortality risk upon rupture. In this case report, we describe a patient who was admitted to our department with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Emergency digital subtraction angiography performed on admission revealed no vascular anomalies. One month after SAH onset, a comprehensive multimodal imaging evaluation ultimately confirmed the diagnosis of BAPA. Given the technical challenges in conventional management for this specific case, Traxcess-14 microguidewire-assisted endovascular electrocoagulation was performed as a last-resort therapy. Finally, follow-up imaging at 6 months demonstrated complete resolution of BAPA. Thus, we propose that Traxcess-14 microguidewire-assisted endovascular electrocoagulation may serve as a potential salvage treatment for highly selective BAPA cases in which conventional therapeutic approaches are unfeasible or have failed.

Oral cancer, as one kind of mucosal epithelial tumor, constitutes approximately 2% of all cancers, while the most common type, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents around 90% histopathology of oral cancers. Although the treatment of OSCC has been improved in recent 20 years, its 5-year survival rate has not raised significantly. The crux to improve the survival rate and prognosis of OSCC patients lies in the early diagnosis and intervention of this disease. Hence, exploring new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for OSCC is therefore an urgent priority. Exosomes, the small membrane vesicles originated from endosomes, have been detected in a wide array of bodily fluids. Exosomes have biological properties of derived cells based on containing a diversity of proteins, lipids, DNA fragments, mRNAs, and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, piRNAs, circular RNAs, tsRNAs, and ribosomal RNAs, which are delivered to neighboring cells or even transported to distant sites. They participate in cellular communication as well as play an important role in many diseases and immune response. Exosomes have been associated with the tumorigenesis of OSCC, promoting the proliferation, colonization, and metastasis of OSCC by transferring their cargos to the target cells. Furthermore, exosomes participate in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment to affect cancer progression in vivo. In this review, we summarize the crucial role of exosomes in the tumorigenesis and progression of OSCC and discuss the potential clinical application of exosomes in OSCC treatment.

Objective To develop four novel cocrystals of felodipine aimed at improving its poor solubility.Methods Felodipine-caproamide,felodipine-2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid,felodipine-2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid,and felodipine-3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid cocrystals were prepared using the slurry method.The cocrystals were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).Stability tests and in vitro dissolution studies were conducted to assess their pharmaceutical properties.Results All four cocrystals demonstrated improved solubility and dissolution rates compared to pure felodipine.Notably,the felodipine-3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid cocrystal showed superior stability and a marked increase in solubility.Conclusion Cocrystallization technology significantly enhanced the stability and dissolution profile of felodipine,underscoring its potential for pharmaceutical formulation development.

Objective To develop four novel cocrystals of felodipine aimed at improving its poor solubility.Methods Felodipine-caproamide,felodipine-2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid,felodipine-2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid,and felodipine-3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid cocrystals were prepared using the slurry method.The cocrystals were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).Stability tests and in vitro dissolution studies were conducted to assess their pharmaceutical properties.Results All four cocrystals demonstrated improved solubility and dissolution rates compared to pure felodipine.Notably,the felodipine-3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid cocrystal showed superior stability and a marked increase in solubility.Conclusion Cocrystallization technology significantly enhanced the stability and dissolution profile of felodipine,underscoring its potential for pharmaceutical formulation development.

Oral cancer, as one kind of mucosal epithelial tumor, constitutes approximately 2% of all cancers, while the most common type, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents around 90% histopathology of oral cancers. Although the treatment of OSCC has been improved in recent 20 years, its 5-year survival rate has not raised significantly. The crux to improve the survival rate and prognosis of OSCC patients lies in the early diagnosis and intervention of this disease. Hence, exploring new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for OSCC is therefore an urgent priority. Exosomes, the small membrane vesicles originated from endosomes, have been detected in a wide array of bodily fluids. Exosomes have biological properties of derived cells based on containing a diversity of proteins, lipids, DNA fragments, mRNAs, and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, piRNAs, circular RNAs, tsRNAs, and ribosomal RNAs, which are delivered to neighboring cells or even transported to distant sites. They participate in cellular communication as well as play an important role in many diseases and immune response. Exosomes have been associated with the tumorigenesis of OSCC, promoting the proliferation, colonization, and metastasis of OSCC by transferring their cargos to the target cells. Furthermore, exosomes participate in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment to affect cancer progression in vivo. In this review, we summarize the crucial role of exosomes in the tumorigenesis and progression of OSCC and discuss the potential clinical application of exosomes in OSCC treatment.

Objective To explore the determination method of copper content in Chinese medicinal materials and to provide a scientific basis for the quality control of Chinese medicinal materials.Methods A method for rapid determination of copper content in different varieties of Chinese medicinal materials by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was established.Results The content of copper in the linear range of 6-40 μg·g-1 showed good linearity with the response strength,which met the quantitative analysis requirements.Conclusion This method has the advantages of being simple,fast,and highly sensitive,and it can be used for rapid quality control of copper content in Chinese medicinal materials.

AIM: To investigate the effect of unilateral endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy on binocular surface indexes.METHODS: Totally 45 cases with monocular primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction(PANDO)who successfully underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy between 1 December 2022 and 31 July 2023 were enrolled in the study. Ocular surface indexes, including the non-invasive tear break-up time(NIBUT), Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance ocular staining score(SICCA OSS), Korb score of lid wiper and Schirmer test scores, were collected preoperatively and at 0.5, 1 and 3 mo post-operatively. Subsequently, various indexes were compared at each time point between the operated and healthy eyes pre- and post-operatively.RESULTS: There was no significant differences between operated and healthy eyes in NIBUT, SICCA OSS, Korb scores and Schirmer test(all P>0.05). Furthermore, the Korb scores of operated eye at 0.5, 1 and 3 mo post-operatively were significantly lower than the preoperative value(P=0.034, 0.044, 0.027). Moreover, the Schirmer test score of the operated eye at 1 mo post-operatively was significantly lower than the preoperative value(P=0.0461).CONCLUSION:After a successful endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy, tear drainage is restored, however, ocular surface damage worsens. These changes typically peak at 1 mo post-operatively before gradually improving.

Mononuclear macrophages are versatile cells that can have different responses to various microenvironmental signals. Under different stimuli of circumstances, macrophages can be fully polarized into classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2), which are the extremes of a continuum of functional states. Nuclear factor-κB, cyclooxygenase 2, anoxia status, proto-oncogene MYC, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway and cytokines are all closely involved in the transition of tumor-associated macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype. Macrophages that infiltrate tumor tissues are driven by tumor-derived cytokines to acquire a polarized M2 phenotype. These functionally polarized cells play a key role in the subversion of adaptive immunity and in inflammatory circuits that promote tumor development and progression. Exosomes derived from tumors have the characteristics of tumor cells and could participate in multiple processes of tumorigenesis and development. This review focused on exosomes derived from various cancer cells and discussed the role of the payloads of tumor-derived exosomes in modulating macrophage polarization in the tumor immune microenvironment and the intracellular signal mechanisms involved.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the mechanism of Chinese medicine Jiangzhuo mixture regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in obese rats. METHODS: Thirty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group, and Jiangzhuo mixture treatment group, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the normal control group were fed with normal diet, the obesity model was induced by feeding high-fat diet in the model control group and the Jiangzhuo mixture treatment group, the rats in the treatment group were given with Jiangzhuo mixture 50 g/kg by gavage. After 8 weeks of intervention, the blood glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were measured in the three groups. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR were used to detect the expression levels of PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in white and brown adipose tissues of the rats in each group; Western blotting was used to detect the expression of PRDM16 in the white and brown adipose tissue of rats, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα) in the white adipose tissue; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of UCP1 protein in white and brown adipose tissues. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the white fat weight (P<0.01), white fat coefficient (P<0.05) and Lee's coefficient (P<0.01) were significantly increased in the model control group; the contents of GLU, TC, TG and LDL-C were all increased, and the content of TG was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the model control group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PRDM16 and UCP1 in white fat and brown fat were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the model control group. Compared with the model control group, the white fat weight and white fat coefficient and Lee's coefficient were significantly reduced in the Jiangzhuo mixture treatment group (all P<0.01), the levels of GLU, TC, TG, and LDL-C in the the treatment group were all reduced, and the content of TG was reduced more obviously (P<0.01); expression levels of PRDM16 and UCP1 mRNA and protein were increased in brown and white adipose tissue. Compared with the normal control group, the expression levels of TLR4, phospho-IκBα and NF-κB-p65 proteins in white adipose tissue of the model control group were significantly increased (all P<0.01), while the expression levels of these proteins in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the model control group (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Jiangzhuo mixture can alleviate high-fat diet-induced increase in body fat, abnormal expression of biochemical indexes and promote the expression of key proteins including UCP1 and PRDM16 in white and brown adipose tissues by regulating TLR4/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Rats ; Male ; Animals ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Glucose ; Lipid Metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; Cholesterol, LDL/metabolism* ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha/metabolism* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Signal Transduction ; Triglycerides ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Obesity ; RNA, Messenger

AIM: To observe the clinical efficacy of Yishen Yanggan Mingmu formula combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration(wARMD).METHODS: A total of 58 patients(58 eyes)with wARMD who were treated in Ningbo Eye Hospital from September 2020 to November 2022 were collected. They were divided into two groups according to randomized digital table: 29 patients(29 eyes)for the combination group and the other 29 patients(29 eyes)for the injection group. The injection group was only given intravitreal injection of conbercept; the combination group was orally administrated with Yishen Yanggan Mingmu formula combined with intravitreal injection of conbercept. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT)and the improvement of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes after 3mo of treatment were observed and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.RESULTS: After 3mo of treatment, the total improved effective rate of the combination group(76%)was higher than the rate of the injection group(66%). After the treatment, the BCVA of the two groups was both higher than that before treatment(P<0.05), the CMT in both groups was lower than that before the treatment(P<0.05), and the improvement of CMT of the combination group was better than the injection group(-155.93±143.79μm vs. -95.36±56.81μm, P<0.05). After 3mo of treatment, each kinds of TCM syndrome in the combination group were significantly improved compared with those syndromes before the treatment(P<0.001). In the injection group, only blurred vision was improved(P<0.05). After the treatment, the scores of dizziness and insomnia, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, paleness and cold limbs, dry eyes and fatigue in the combination group were significantly lower than the injection group(P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The Yishen Yanggan Mingmu formula combined with intravitreal anti-VEGF drug injection is effective in the treatment of wARMD.