Objective To explore two primary domains of social cognition in different phases of bipolar disorder.Methods Twenty-nine manic bipolar patients,36 remitted bipolar patients,30 first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder and 30 healthy participants were recruited.Social cognition was assessed by the Facial Emotion Perception Test,Fauxpas Task and the Hinting Task.Results The manic bipolar patients performed significantly lower scores [emotion perception (90.1 ± 19.0),fauxpas (18.2 ± 10.4),hinting(6.6 ± 1.1)] than the control group [emotion perception (104.9 ± 9.8),fauxpas (28.4 ± 8.1),hinting(7.3 ± 0.8)] on all the test (P ＜ 0.05).The remitted patients [fauxpas (22.0 ± 9.3),hinting(6.4 ±0.7)] and the first-degree relatives [fauxpas(24.3 ±7.4),hinting(6.7 ± 1.3)] performed significantly more poorly than the healthy control on the fauxpas task and the hinting task (P ＜ 0.05),but not on the emotion perception(P ＞0.05).Conclusions Impaired emotion perception in bipolar disorder may be state-dependent and the theory of mind deficit observed in the bipolar patients group is may be a trait deficit.The evidence of impairment in the first degree relatives group suggests that the theory of mind may be affected by heredity or family rearing and educating environment.

Objective To explore two primary domains of social cognition in different phases of bipolar disorder.Methods Twenty-nine manic bipolar patients,36 remitted bipolar patients,30 first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder and 30 healthy participants were recruited.Social cognition was assessed by the Facial Emotion Perception Test,Fauxpas Task and the Hinting Task.Results The manic bipolar patients performed significantly lower scores [emotion perception (90.1 ± 19.0),fauxpas (18.2 ± 10.4),hinting(6.6 ± 1.1)] than the control group [emotion perception (104.9 ± 9.8),fauxpas (28.4 ± 8.1),hinting(7.3 ± 0.8)] on all the test (P ＜ 0.05).The remitted patients [fauxpas (22.0 ± 9.3),hinting(6.4 ±0.7)] and the first-degree relatives [fauxpas(24.3 ±7.4),hinting(6.7 ± 1.3)] performed significantly more poorly than the healthy control on the fauxpas task and the hinting task (P ＜ 0.05),but not on the emotion perception(P ＞0.05).Conclusions Impaired emotion perception in bipolar disorder may be state-dependent and the theory of mind deficit observed in the bipolar patients group is may be a trait deficit.The evidence of impairment in the first degree relatives group suggests that the theory of mind may be affected by heredity or family rearing and educating environment.

Objective To explore the methods of early etiological diagnosis and principles of endovascular embolization in Hunt-Hess Ⅳ—Ⅴ grade subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH),and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy.Methods Thirty-one patients underwent imaging examinations such as CT and DSA to make the early diagnosis of SAH.Meanwhile,Guglielmi detachable microcoil(GDC)was used to applying aneurysmal intracapsular embolization in the ruptured aneurysms,and efficient symptomatic treatment was adopted early postoperatively.The results were tested by ?~2 test.Results All 31 cases were diagnosed early and operated successfully.Among them,the aneurysm lumen was 100% occluded in 26 cases,95% occluded in 3 cases;90% occluded in 2 cases.There were 5 cases complicating with cerebral vasospasm.One case recurrent was cured with secondary complementary GDC embolization.Nine cases(29.0%)had permanent sequelae associated with SAH.According to the Glasgow prognosis score, the therapeutic efficacy was as following:6 patients were in grade Ⅰ,9 in grade Ⅱ,4 in grade m,2 in grade Ⅳ,and 10 in grade Ⅴ;10 patients died,and the morality rate was 32.3%.None of them exhibited re-bleeding with follow-up period of 3 to 68 months postoperatively.Morality rates were significantly different between the group with aneurysmal diameter of 11—25 mm and the group of 5—10 mm(?~2=6.60,P