ObjectiveTo assess the cost-effectiveness of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and control strategies across different high-risk populations, investment levels, and allocation proportions in an area, thereby providing a reference for optimizing resource allocation in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention and control. MethodsDemographic, epidemiological, and clinical progression data of the target population in an area from 2018 to 2024 were collected, along with the input costs and intervention coverage of HIV-related projects. The Optima HIV model was utilized to perform fitting and prediction, whereby the allocation of resources to optimized target populations and program interventions was modeled under varying future investment scenarios to predict the impacts on the reduction of new HIV infections and HIV-related deaths. ResultsUnder the scenario of maintaining the current level of intervention input for HIV key populations, new HIV infections and related deaths in the region were predicted to be controlled at a low level by 2030. In terms of intervention input for HIV key populations, it is suggested that appropriately increasing the intervention input for key HIV populations will further reduce new HIV infections and HIV-related deaths in the region. However, when the total input increases to 1.75 times the baseline level, the marginal effect of input will be saturated. Regarding structural adjustments in investment and considering both the current total investment scenario and 1.75 times the total investment scenario, it is predicted that further reductions in regional HIV new infections and HIV-related deaths can be achieved, provided that the intervention input for key populations (including men who have sex with men, MSM) is increased, while concurrently intensifying the proportion of intervention measures such as condom promotion to form optimized intervention portfolios. ConclusionIn the field of HIV/ AIDS prevention and control, sustained commitment to intervention investment, with a strategic focus on interventions for key populations and intensified implementation of critical intervention measures, will effectively improve the epidemiological impacts of HIV/AIDS prevention and control efforts.

BACKGROUND:Traditional surgery for lumbar disc herniation involves extensive excision of tissue surrounding the nerve for decompression and removal of protruding lumbar intervertebral discs,which poses various risks and complications such as nerve damage causing paralysis,lumbar instability,herniation recurrence,intervertebral space infection,and adjacent vertebral diseases. OBJECTIVE:To propose the symmetrically adduction of lumbar decompression induced resorption of herniated nucleus pulpous technique for lumbar spine symmetrically decompression,showing the induced resorption of herniated nucleus pulpous phenomenon and early clinical efficacy,and then analyze its decompression mechanism. METHODS:214 patients with lumbar disc herniation at Department of Orthopedics,First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2021 to May 2023 were enrolled in this study.Among them,81 patients received conservative treatment as the control group,and 133 patients received symmetrically adduction of lumbar decompression induced resorption of herniated nucleus pulpous treatment as the trial group.Before surgery,immediately after surgery(7-14 days),and early after surgery(over 1 year),MRI images were used to measure the volume changes of lumbar disc herniation.CT images were used to measure the posterior displacement distance of the lumbar spinous process ligament complex,as well as the width and height of the lateral recess.Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores were used to evaluate the patient's neurological function recovery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Control group:81 patients with lumbar disc herniation were treated conservatively,with a total of 171 herniated lumbar discs.The average follow-up time was(22.7±23.1)months.The first and second MRI measurements of 171 herniated lumbar discs showed herniated lumbar disc volumes of(551.6±257.9)mm3 and(792.2±330.4)mm3,respectively,with an average volume increase rate of(53.2±44.4)%,showing statistically significant differences(P<0.001).Out of 171 herniated lumbar discs,4 experienced natural shrinkage,with an absorption ratio of 2.3%(4/171)and an absorption rate of(24.5±9.9)%.(2)Trial group:133 patients with lumbar disc herniation had a total of 285 herniated lumbar discs.(1)Immediately after surgery:All patients were followed up immediately after surgery.229 out of 285 herniated lumbar discs experienced retraction,with an absorption ratio of 80.3%(229/285)and an average absorption rate of(21.5±20.9)%,with significant and complete absorption accounting for 6.5%.There were a total of 70 herniated lumbar discs in the upper lumbar spine,with an absorption ratio of 85.7%(60/70),an average absorption rate of(23.1±19.5)%,and a maximum absorption rate of 86.6%.There were 215 herniated lumbar discs in the lower lumbar spine,with an absorption ratio of 78.6%(169/215),an average absorption rate of(21.0±21.3)%,and a maximum absorption rate of 83.2%.Significant and complete absorption of the upper and lower lumbar vertebrae accounted for 5.7%and 6.5%,respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The average distance of posterior displacement of the spinous process ligament complex immediately after surgery was(5.2±2.8)mm.There were no significant differences in the width and height of the left and right lateral recess before and immediately after surgery(P>0.05).The Japanese Orthopaedic Association score immediately after surgery increased from(10.1±3.4)before surgery to(17.0±4.8),and the immediate effective rate after surgery reached 95.6%.(2)Early postoperative period:Among them,46 patients completed the early postoperative follow-up.There were 101 herniated lumbar discs,with an absorption ratio of 94%(95/101)and an average absorption rate of(36.9±23.7)%.Significant and complete absorption accounted for 30.6%,with a maximum absorption rate of 100%.Out of 101 herniated lumbar discs,3 remained unchanged in volume,with a volume invariance rate of 2.97%(3/101).Out of 101 herniated lumbar discs,3 had an increased volume of herniated lumbar discs,with an increase ratio of 2.97%(3/101)and an increase rate of(18.5±18.4)%.The Japanese Orthopaedic Association score increased from preoperative(9.3±5.1)to(23.5±4.0),with an excellent and good rate of 93.4%.(3)The early postoperative lumbar disc herniation absorption ratios of the control group and trial group were 2.3%and 85.9%,respectively,with statistically significant differences(P<0.001).(4)Complications:There were two cases of incision exudation and delayed healing in the trial group.After conservative treatment such as dressing change,no nerve injury or death occurred in the incision healing,and no cases underwent a second surgery.(5)It is concluded that symmetrically adduction of lumbar decompression induced resorption of herniated nucleus pulpous is a new method for treating lumbar disc herniation that can avoid extensive excision of the"ring"nerve and achieve satisfactory early clinical efficacy.It does not damage the lumbar facet joints or alter the basic anatomical structure of the lateral recess,fully preserves the herniated lumbar discs,and can induce significant or even complete induced resorption of herniated nucleus pulpous.Symmetrically adduction of lumbar decompression induced resorption of herniated nucleus pulpous provides a new basis and method for the clinical treatment of lumbar disc herniation.

Iodine speciations in aquatic environments are affected by dissolved oxygen,redox potential,microbial activity,organic matter decomposition,light reaction,etc.Accurate quantification of iodine speciation can not only help to understand the geochemical cycle of iodine,but also help to trace and study environmental processes.Based on the combination of ion chromatography(IC)and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),a rapid and sensitive method was established for determining the speciations of iodine in environmental water samples including seawater,river water,lake water,rainwater,groundwater,etc.The results presented here showed that IO3?and I?in seawater were quickly separated and measured within 120 s when using guard column AG22 and 8 mmol/L(NH4)2CO3 as the mobile phase.While for lake water,river water and precipitation samples with high soluble organically bond iodine(SOI),an AS22 separation column(250 mm×4 mm)connected with a guard column and using 50 mmol/L(NH4)2CO3 as mobile phase could effectively separate unknown SOI from IO3? to achieve accurate quantification of IO3?.For accurate correction of iodine measurement signal fluctuations,133Cs was directly added to the(NH4)2CO3 mobile phase as an internal standard.The SOI content was calculated by the total iodine concentrations minus the sum of IO3?and I?.The precision of the established iodine speciation analytical method was better than 3.5%,and the standard addition experiment showed that the analytical method was accurate.When the injection volume was 25 μL,the detection limits were 0.011?0.025 μg/L for IO3? and 0.023?0.031 μg/L for I?,respectively.The method was successfully used to analyze IO3?,SOI and I? in environmental water samples,such as seawater,river water,rainwater and groundwater.

The cycling of iodine in the atmosphere and ocean plays a critical role in climate and environmental change.Ice cores and tree rings,as ideal climate archives,can provide essential data for paleoclimate reconstruction through accurate iodine analysis.However,iodine concentrations in ice core samples are as low as 0.01 μg/L,and as low as 0.01 μg/g in tree rings.Most currently reported analytical methods face challenges in accurately quantifying such low levels.In this study,a highly sensitive analytical method for trace iodine in environmental samples was developed based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),incorporating a collision/reaction cell under the optimized collision/reaction gas conditions.Collision/reaction cell mode was employed to evaluate potential interferences in determination of trace iodine by ICP-MS.The results indicated that peak tailing from adjacent mass-to-charge ratios and polyatomic ion interferences could be considered negligible.However,residual iodine in ultrapure water constituted the major source of background,highlighting the need for strict control of sample pretreatment and procedural blanks in trace-level iodine analysis.By utilizing collision focusing effect of helium,the measurement sensitivity of iodine was enhanced to 3.5×105 cps(counts per second)/(μg/L),and the detection limit was reduced to 0.002 μg/L.The developed method exhibited a deviation of less than 2.3%in measurement of low-concentration standard solutions,indicating good accuracy.For actual samples and blanks,the precision of repeated measurements within 2 h was better than 1.6%,demonstrating excellent repeatability.No significant memory effect was observed during the measurements.The established method was successfully applied to determination of trace iodine in ice cores,tree rings,and other environmental samples,providing a robust technical foundation for investigating the role of iodine in climate and environmental change.

Objective： To investigate the relationship between the lipid metabolism-related gene sterol carrier protein 2(SCP2) and prostate cancer (PCa) from a multi-omics perspective using single-cell transcriptomes combined with Mendelian randomization. Methods： Single-cell transcriptome data of benign and malignant prostate tissues were obtained from GSE120716, GSE157703 and GSE141445 datasets, respectively. Integration, quality control and annotation were performed on the data to categorize the epithelial cells into high and low SCP2 expression groups, followed by further differential and trajectory analyses. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for SCP2 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) were subsequently downloaded from Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and investigated from the PCa Society Cancer-Related Genomic Alteration Panel for the Investigation of Cancer-Related Alterations (PRACTICAL) to obtain PCa outcome data for Mendelian randomization analysis to validate the causal relationship between SCP2 and PCa. Results： High SCP2-expressing epithelial cells had higher energy metabolism and proliferation capacity with low immunotherapy response and metastatic tendency. Trajectory analysis showed that epithelial cells with high SCP2 expression may have a higher degree of malignancy, and SCP2 may be a key marker gene for differentiation of malignant epithelial cells in the prostate. Further Mendelian randomization results showed a significant causal relationship between SCP2 and PCa development (OR=1.045, 95% CI: 1.010 －1.083, P=0.011). Conclusion： By combining single-cell transcriptome and Mendelian randomization, the role of the lipid metabolism-related gene SCP2 in PCa development has been confirmed, and new targets and therapeutic directions for PCa treatment have been provided.
Humans ; Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics* ; Male ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Carrier Proteins/genetics* ; Transcriptome ; Lipid Metabolism

Natural polyphenols are a group of components widely found in traditional Chinese medicines and have been demonstrated to delay or prevent the development of aging and age-related diseases in recent years. As far as we know, the studies of natural polyphenols in aging and aging-related diseases have never been extensively reviewed. In the present paper, we reviewed recent advances of natural polyphenols in aging and common age-related diseases and the current technological methods to improve the bioavailability of natural polyphenols. The results showed that natural polyphenols have the potential to prevent or treat aging and common age-related diseases through multiple mechanisms. Nanotechnology, structural modifications, and matrix processing could provide strong technical support for the development of natural polyphenols to prevent or treat aging and age-related diseases. In conclusion, natural polyphenols have important potential in the prevention and treatment of aging and age-related diseases.

INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis (EMS) is a common gynaecological disorder linked to metabolic disturbances. However, evidence on the associations between lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) with the risk of EMS remains limited. This study aimed to explore the potential associations between LAP, VAI and EMS. METHOD: Data were obtained from the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including a total of 2046 samples. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models and smoothed curve fitting were used to assess the associations between LAP, VAI and EMS. Additionally, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted to evaluate intergroup differences in the associations between LAP, VAI and EMS. RESULTS: In the fully adjusted model, higher Log2 LAP (odds ratio [OR] 1.256, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.102-1.431, P=0.0014) and Log2 VAI (OR 1.287, 95% CI 1.105-1.498, P=0.0022) were significantly associated with increased EMS risk. Participants in the highest quartile of Log2 LAP (OR 1.983, P=0.0029) and Log2 VAI (OR 1.690, P=0.0486) had a higher risk of EMS. Subgroup analysis showed stronger associations among women with diabetes (Log2 LAP OR 3.681, P=0.009; Log2 VAI OR 4.849, P=0.041). CONCLUSION Elevated LAP and VAI were independently associated with an increased risk of EMS. LAP and VAI may serve as potential indicators for assessing EMS-related risk, suggesting that visceral obesity and lipid metabolic disturbances might play roles in the pathophysiological process of EMS. These findings underscore the potential of LAP and VAI as non-invasive markers for EMS risk, warranting further validation in clinical settings.
Humans ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Endometriosis/metabolism* ; Adult ; Nutrition Surveys ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Lipid Accumulation Product ; Middle Aged ; Obesity, Abdominal/complications* ; Adiposity ; Risk Factors ; Logistic Models

Based on the pharmacokinetics theory, this study investigated the pharmacokinetic characteristics of albiflorin, paeoniflorin, wogonoside, and wogonin in normal and febrile rats and summarized absorption and elimination rules of Dayuanyin in them to provide reference for further development and clinical application of Dayuanyin. Blood samples were taken from the fundus venous plexus of normal and model rats after intragastric administration of Dayuanyin at different time points. The concentration of each substance in blood was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) technique at different time points. DAS 2.0, a piece of pharmacokinetics software, was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of each component. The results show that the 4 components had good linear relationship in their respective ranges, and the results of methodological investigation met the requirements. The pharmacokinetic parameters of C_(max), T_(max), t_(1/2), AUC_(0-t), AUC_(0-∞), and MRT_(0-t) were calculated by the DAS 2.0 non-compartmental model. Compared with those in the normal group, C_(max) and AUC_(0-t) of the 4 components in the model group were significantly increased. There were significant differences in the pharmacokinetic characteristics between the normal and model groups, suggesting that the absorption and elimination of Dayuanyin may be affected by the changes of internal environment of the body in different physiological states.
Animals ; Rats ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Fever/metabolism* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Glucosides/pharmacokinetics* ; Monoterpenes

Based on the ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS) technology, combined with related literature, databases, and reference material information, this study qualitatively analyzed the components of Dayuanyin in the tissue of rats after gavage and employed molecular docking technology to predict the rationality of the mechanism behind the antipyretic effect of the in vivo components in Dayuanyin. A total of 21, 26, 20, 21, 14, and 31 prototype components and 3, 16, 3, 7, 5, and 24 metabolites were identified from the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and hypothalamus of the rats, respectively, and the binding ability of key components and targets was further verified by molecular docking. The results showed that all components had good binding ability with targets. The established UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS could effectively and quickly identify the Dayuanyin components distributed in tissue and preliminarily identify their metabolites. Many components were identified in the hypothalamus, which suggested that the components delivered to the brain should be focused on in the study on Dayuanyin in the treatment of febrile diseases. The molecular docking technology was used to predict the rationality of the mechanism behind its antipyretic effect, which lays the foundation for the clarification of the material basis and action mechanism of Dayuanyin, the development of new preparations, and the prediction of quality markers.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Rats ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Male ; Antipyretics/metabolism* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Distribution ; Mass Spectrometry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Hypothalamus/metabolism*