The number of patients with periodontal disease in China is large, and the ratio of doctors to patients is seriously imbalanced, especially in the insufficient number of periodontal specialists and periodontal teachers. Strengthening the cultivation of professional postgraduates in periodontology can effectively solve this problem. This paper summarizes the experiences of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology in the teaching of periodontal postgraduate students for more than 30 years, in cluding teaching objectives formulation, teaching resources allocation and enhancement of the quality control system of clinical teaching, for ensuring that the periodontal professional postgraduates could reach the expected level after training. This formed the current "Peking University Model". There are both opportunities and challenges in clinical teaching of periodontal postgraduates in domestic stomatology community. The authors hope that the continuous exploration and improvement of this teaching system will promote the vigorous development of clinical teaching for the postgraduates majoring in periodontology in China.

{L-End}Objective To analyze the local muscle response under continuous ergonomic workload by simulating manual lifting, and to screen the sensitive metabolic biomarkers during fatigue process. {L-End}Methods A total of 13 healthy male volunteers were selected as the study subjects using simple random sampling method. Study subjects underwent repetitive simulated manual lifting for four periods (T1 to T4), each lasting 12 minutes. The degree of work-related fatigue in the forearm, upper arm, shoulder, back, and leg muscles, and the whole body was accessed using Borg 6-20 Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale. The venous blood samples were collected from elbow between each two periods to detect the levels of eight metabolic biomarkers: ammonia, lactate, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen (CTX-Ⅰ), C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅱ collagen (CTX-Ⅱ), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and calcium ions. {L-End}Results The RPE scores of the study subjects for the muscles of five body parts and the whole body increased with the increasing lifting periods (all P<0.01). Fatigue was observed in all target muscles, with overall body fatigue occurring in the T2 period. The levels of ammonia, lactate, creatine kinase, LDH, COMP, and calcium ions in the serum of study subjects were higher in the T1 to T4 periods than in the T0 period (all P<0.05). The serum CTX-Ⅰ level was higher in the T1 and T3 periods than that in the T0 period (all P<0.05) , and the serum CTX-Ⅱ level was higher in the T1, T2 and T4 periods than that in the T0 period (all P<0.05). The level of these eight serum metabolic biomarkers fluctuated during the T1 to T4 periods. The serum creatine kinase level increased with the period of lifting (all P<0.05). The serum lactate level was higher in the T3 period than those in the T1 and T2 periods (all P<0.05). The serum LDH and calcium ion levels were higher in the T2 to T4 periods than that in the T1 period (all P<0.05). The serum COMP level was higher in the T2 and T3 periods than that in the T1 period (all P<0.05). Except for CTX-Ⅰ, the levels of other seven metabolic markers in serum were higher in individuals after fatigue than before fatigue (all P<0.05). {L-End}Conclusion Serum metabolic biomarkers such as ammonia, lactate, creatine kinase, calcium ions, LDH, CTX-Ⅱ, and COMP exhibit significant changes before and after fatigue. These metabolic biomarkers could be used as sensitive biomarkers for evaluating muscle fatigue during repetitive works.

Objective:To analyze the detection strategy and basic detection situation of markers of infectious diseases transmitted by transfusion in blood testing laboratories of blood stations in China.Methods:Based on the data of practice comparison working party of Blood Stations in Mainland of China from 2017 to 2021, the data on the testing strategies and the basic detection information of the markers for the transmission of infectious diseases through transfusion in the member laboratories of the practice comparison working party of Blood Stations in Mainland of China from 2017 to 2021 were collected, and the situation of the selection for testing markers, testing strategy and the testing method and other relevant aspects were sorted out and analyzed by charts.Results:The selection of the testing markers was consistent, but HTLV testing item was added in some member laboratories. The detection strategy of using two ELISA reagents and one nucleic acid testing (NAT) reagent simultaneously was adopted in 47 member blood stations; 3) NAT method was dominated by mini pool-NAT in member laboratories. The number of members adopting mini-pools of 8 (MP8)-NAT decreased from 17 in 2017 to 14 in 2021, while the number of members adopting mini-pools of 6 (MP6)-NAT increased from 13 in 2017 to 22 in 2021; Roche NAT system accounted for the largest proportion.Conclusions:In order to ensure blood safety and avoid missing detection, the blood stations still adopt the detection strategy of using two ELISA reagents and one nucleic acid testing (NAT) reagent simultaneously; Meanwhile, in order to increase the NAT positive rate, the proportion of mini pool-NAT mainly decreased year by year despite its dominating role, while the proportion of individual donation-NAT increased year by year; NAT method is transiting from mini-pools of 8 (MP8) to mini-pools of 6 (MP6); The proportion of imported NAT system used in NAT laboratory is relatively large.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture on motor function and muscle state in patients with primary osteoporosis (POP). METHODS: A total of 60 female patients with POP were randomized into an observation group (30 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a control group (30 cases, 1 case dropped off). On the basis of adjusting lifestyle, caltrate was given orally in the control group, 2 pills a day for 4 weeks. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, electroacupuncture was applied at Zusanli (ST 36), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Ganshu (BL 18), Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu (BL 23), etc. in the observation group, with disperse-dense wave of 2 Hz/10 Hz in frequency, once every other day, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The time of timed up-and-go test (TUGT) and the value of 10 m maximal walking speed (10 m MWS) before and after treatment were compared in the two groups, and the Young's modulus values of bilateral multifidus muscles in prone position and sitting position before and after treatment were compared by real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) in the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, the TUGT time was decreased compared before treatment in the observation group (P<0.01), and that in the observation group was shorter than the control group (P<0.01). After treatment, the value of 10 m MWS test was increased compared before treatment in the observation group (P<0.05). After treatment, the Young's modulus values of bilateral multifidus muscles in prone position and sitting position were increased compared before treatment in the observation group (P<0.01); except for the left side in sitting position, the Young's modulus values of multifidus muscles in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). CONCLUSION On the basis of oral caltrate, electroacupuncture can improve the motor function and muscle state in patients with POP.
Acupuncture Points ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Osteoporosis/therapy* ; Paraspinal Muscles

Objective:To investigate the changes of paraspinal muscles in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) and its correlation with lumbar kyphosis.Methods:The clinical data of 67 female patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis, with an average of 65.4±5.6 years old (rang 52-83 years old), were retrospectively analyzed. There were 35 patients of DLS with lumbar degenerative kyphosis (LDK) in the DLS+LDK group, with an average of 64.60±5.40 years old (rang 52-75 years old), and 32 patients of lumbar scoliosis without lumbar kyphosis in the DLS group, with an average of 66.22±5.8 years old (rang 55-83 years old). The cross-sectional area (CSA) and the percentage of fat infiltration area (FIA%) of erector spinae and multifidus muscles of the 5 intervertebral disc levels (from L 1-2 to L 5S 1) were measured by MRI using Image J software (ver. 1.51 k, National Institutes of Health, USA). The curve direction, Cobb angle, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), thoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT) and sacral slope (SS) were evaluated and recordedin both groups using an anteroposterior radiograph in the standing position, and the correlation between the changes of paraspinal muscles and these factors was analyzed. Results:The TLK, LL, and SVA values of the DLS+LDK group (11.85°±7.89°, -9.35°±8.70° and 70.16±76.94 mm) were higher than those of the DLS group (7.47°±5.06°, -26.46°±10.26° and 39.45±38.18mm) ( t=2.73, P=0.008; t=7.38, P<0.001; t=2.10, P=0.041). The TK, PI, and SS values of the DLS+LDK group (16.36°±13.52°, 42.49°±11.70° and 11.89°±10.03°) were lower than those of the DLS group (23.60°±10.23°, 49.38°±11.92° and 21.21°±8.28°) ( t=2.45, P=0.017; t=2.38, P=0.020; t=4.13, P<0.001). The differences of Cobb and PT were not statistically significant between the two groups. The cross-sectional areas of L 1-2, L 2-3, L 3-4 intervertebral disc levels of erector spinae of the DLS+LDK group (1 328.36±339.16 mm 2, 1 331.98±305.76 mm 2 and 12 53.58±275.86 mm 2) were lower than those of the DLS group (1 564.16±312.68 mm 2, 1 574.80±325.92 mm 2 and 1 427.18±278.82 mm 2) ( t=0.40, P=0.004; t=0.81, P=0.002; t=0.306, P=0.013). The cross-sectional areas of L 1-2, L 2-3, L 3-4, L 4-5 intervertebral disc levels of multifidus muscles of the DLS+LDK group (225.07±59.80 mm 2, 228.38±87.44 mm 2, 436.40±117.99 mm 2 and 666.55±184.13 mm 2) were lower than those of the DLS group (264.28±44.27 mm 2, 384.85±75.52 mm 2, 576.10±109.92 mm 2 and 801.52±145.83 mm 2) ( t=0.21, P=0.004; t=0.42, P<0.001; t=0.52, P<0.001; t=0.37, P=0.002). The differences of FIA% of erector spinae and multifidus muscles at all lumbar spine levels were not statistically significant between the two groups. The cross-sectional areas of L 1-2, L 2-3, L 3-4 intervertebral disc levels of erector spinae and L 1-2, L 2-3, L 3-4, L 4-5 intervertebral disc levels of multifidus muscles of the two groups were negatively correlated with LL values ( r=-0.37, P=0.002; r=-0.34, P=0.005; r=-0.21, P=0.049; r=-0.34, P=0.005; r=-0.61, P<0.001; r=-0.65, P<0.001; r=-0.55, P<0.001), and positively correlated with SS ( r=0.42, P<0.001; r=0.37, P=0.002; r=0.27, P=0.027; r=0.38, P=0.001; r=0.53, P<0.001; r=0.46, P<0.001; r=0.42, P<0.001). The cross-sectional areas of L 3-4 intervertebral disc levels of erector spinae and L 1-2, L 2-3 intervertebral disc levels of multifidus muscles of the two groups were positively correlated with PI ( r=0.25, P=0.039; r=0.33, P=0.006; r=0.35, P=0.004). There was no correlation between the FIA% of erector spinae and multifidus muscles at all lumbar spine levels and the sagittal and pelvic parameters in both groups. Conclusion:Paravertebral muscle atrophy is more obvious in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis with lumbar kyphosis, which may be related to the reduce of lumbar lordosis and sacral slope. Patients with lumbar scoliosis with a smaller PI are more likely to experience paravertebral atrophy and increased loss of lumbar lordosis, and ultimately leading to lumbar kyphosis.

Atrial Appendage/surgery* ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Humans ; Stroke ; Thromboembolism ; Thrombosis ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To analyze the safety and efficacy of combined left atrial appendage (LAA) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure in adult atrial fibrillation (AF) patients complicating with PFO. Methods: This study is a retrospective and cross-sectional study. Seven patients with AF complicated with PFO diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences from June 2017 to October 2020 were selected. Basic data such as age, gender and medical history were collected. The atrial septal defect or PFO occluder and LAA occluder were selected according to the size of PFO, the ostia width and depth of LAA. Four patients underwent left atrial appendage closure(LAAC) and PFO closure at the same time. PFO closure was performed during a one-stop procedure of cryoablation combined with LAAC in 2 patients. One patient underwent PFO closure at 10 weeks after one-stop procedure because of recurrent transient ischemic attack (TIA). All patients continued to take oral anticoagulants. TEE was repeated 8-12 weeks after intervention. In case of device related thrombus(DRT), TEE shall be rechecked 6 months after adjusting anticoagulant and antiplatelet drug treatment. Patients were follow-up at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months by telephone call, and the occurrence of cardio-cerebrovascular events was recorded. Results: Among the 7 patients with AF, 2 were male, aged (68.0±9.4) years, and 3 had a history of recurrent cerebral infarction and TIA. Average PFO diameter was (3.5±0.8)mm. Three patients were implanted with Watchman LAA occluder (30, 30, 33 mm) and atrial septal defect occluder (8, 9, 16 mm). 2 patients were implanted with LAmbre LAA occluder (34/38, 18/32 mm) and PFO occluder (PF1825, PF2525). 2 patients were implanted with LACbes LAA occluder (24, 28 mm) and PFO occluder (PF2525, PF1825) respectively. The patients were followed up for 12 (11, 24) months after operation. TEE reexamination showed that the position of LAA occluder and atrial septal defect occluder or PFO occluder was normal in all patients. DRT was detected in 1 patient, and anticoagulant therapy was adjusted in this patient. 6 months later, TEE showed that DRT disappeared. No cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events occurred in all patients with AF during follow-up. Conclusions: In AF patients complicated with PFO, LAAC combined with PFO closure may have good safety and effectiveness.
Adult ; Aged ; Atrial Appendage/surgery* ; Atrial Fibrillation/surgery* ; Cardiac Catheterization/methods* ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Foramen Ovale, Patent/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

Organized by the Chinese Medical Association and the Chinese Burn Association, hosted by the Hainan Medical Association and Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, and co-sponsored by the Chinese Journal of Burns (Chinese Journal of Burns and Wounds), Chinese Journal of Injury Repair and Wound Healing (Electronic Edition), and Burns & Trauma, the 2021 Annual Academic Conference of the Chinese Burn Association was held in beautiful Haikou from December 14 to 16, 2021. The conference continued to focus on the guiding principle of "One China, One Standard" and followed the tenet of "precise, homogeneous, and comfortable treatment" for burns. The conference received a total of 1 638 submissions, 296 electronic posters, 891 online and offline registered delegates, and nearly 750 offline attendees. The conference focused on the theme, adopting a variety of novel forms to discuss the key issues in burn field, including academician and committee director forum, doctor-nurse-rehabilitation therapist combined case competition, discipline development forum, and workshop, recording and broadcasting of surgical operations. The atmosphere was warm in the conference site.
Asians ; Burns/therapy* ; China ; Humans ; Physicians ; Wound Healing

Objective:We aimed to assess the effects of outdoor time in preventing incident myopia among primary school students and evaluate its differences among different grades to provide evidence for policy formulation related to myopia prevention.Methods:This study is a cohort study. We investigated 6 046 grade 1 to 5 students in 9 provinces, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Fujian, Shanxi, Henan, Hunan, Gansu, Chongqing, and Guangxi. In 2019, we measured their myopia on site. In 2020, we did a follow-up visit on those students to detect the myopia incidence rate. Information regarding outdoor time and myopia-related behaviors were obtained from a questionnaire within one week of visual acuity measurement in 2020. The chi-square test and Cochran-Armitage trend test compared the differences between groups. The Cox proportional hazards risk model was used to test the relationship between outdoor time and myopia.Results:In 2020, the overall myopia incidence rate of grade 1 to 5 students in the baseline was 27.5%; while 23.0% in grades 1 and 2 students and 31.7% in grades 3 to 5 students, respectively. After controlling for covariates, for students in grade 1 to 2, those with ≥1 hour of outdoor time per day were at 0.76 (95% CI: 0.62-0.93, P=0.008) times risk of being myopia than that of students with <1 hour of outdoor time per day; while for students in grades 3 to 5, an average of ≥3 hours of outdoor time per day was required to have a significant protective effect on myopia. The students with ≥3 hours of outdoor time per day were less likely to be myopia ( OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.61-0.93, P=0.007) than those students with <3 hours of outdoor time per day. Conclusions:For grade 1 and 2 students, 1 hour of outdoor time per day could reduce the incidence of myopia, whereas for grade 3 to 5 students, 3 hours of outdoor time per day could effectively reduce the incidence of myopia. Therefore, the recommendations for outdoor time as myopia prevention should be different for different grades. The higher the grade is, the more outdoor time should be spent to reduce myopia incidence. Moreover, other factors that affect myopia's incidence should be also paid attention to, and a comprehensive approach should be adopted to prevent and control the incidence of myopia.

Literature investigation and expert consultation were adopted to construct the theoretical framework and item pool of
Moxibustion ; Thermosensing