Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of gouty arthritis in Northwest China from 2023 to 2025, and to formulate preventive intervention measures. Methods By retrospectively analyzing the case data of medical institutions in Northwest China from January 2023 to June 2025 (a total of 8 139 cases), the incidence trend and population distribution characteristics of gouty arthritis in this area were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors. Results From 2023 to 2025, the prevalence rate of gouty arthritis in adult residents in Northwest China was 3.74% (304/8 139). Among the sites affected by gouty arthritis, the metatarsophalangeal joint accounted for the highest proportion (P<0.05). From the perspective of age distribution, the prevalence rate was the highest in 40-59 years old group (5.90%), followed by 66-80 years old group (4.21%) and >80 years old group (2.75%). The incidence rate in 40-65 years old group was higher than that in the other age groups (P<0.05). High blood uric acid and creatinine, alcohol drinking, obesity, high purine diet, concurrent chronic kidney disease and metabolic syndrome were risk factors affecting gouty arthritis in Northwest China (P<0.05). Conclusion High blood uric acid level, high creatinine level, alcohol drinking, obesity, high purine diet, concurrent chronic kidney disease and metabolic syndrome are risk factors influencing gouty arthritis in Northwest China. Based on the above factors, this study proposes comprehensive prevention strategies from the individual, community and public health levels to provide a scientific basis for reducing the incidence rate of gouty arthritis.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) that mediate rapid cholinergic synaptic transmission throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. These receptors are integral to neuromuscular junction signaling, autonomic regulation, cognitive learning, reward-related behavior, and neuroplasticity. The nAChR family exhibits remarkable functional diversity through combinatorial assembly of seventeen identified subunits (α1-α10, β1-β4, γ, δ, and ε). Among these, the α9 subunit occupies a distinctive phylogenetic position, exhibiting greater sequence divergence from other neuronal α subunits and possessing unique biochemical properties that distinguish it from all other family members. α9 can form homopentamers and also co-assemble with the α10 subunit to form functional heteropentamers, primarily in (α9)₂(α10)₃ and (α9)₃(α10)₂ stoichiometries. This dual assembly strategy generates functional heterogeneity, as distinct subunit compositions confer differential ion permeation, ligand sensitivity, and desensitization kinetics. The structural determinants governing this stoichiometric variability remain incompletely resolved, representing a critical gap in our mechanistic understanding. Unlike most other nAChR subtypes, traditional agonists of nAChRs (such as nicotine) elicit virtually no agonistic effect on α9* nAChRs (α9-containing receptors, including α9 homopentamers and α9α10 heteropentamers). This pharmacological divergence reflects structural differences within the orthosteric site, particularly in regions at complementary subunit interfaces. As cation-selective channels, α9* nAChRs exhibit high permeability to Ca²⁺. In cochlear outer hair cells, α9α10 nAChRs mediate cholinergic efferent modulation by the medial olivocochlear (MOC) bundle. Acetylcholine-evoked Ca²⁺ influx activates functionally coupled SK2 potassium channels, generating net hyperpolarization that dampens electromechanical amplification through a tightly constrained signaling microdomain. This Ca²⁺-dependent excitatory-to-inhibitory conversion exemplifies sophisticated sensory gain control, and its disruption contributes to noise-induced hearing loss, age-related hearing loss, and tinnitus. Beyond canonical ionotropic signaling, α9* nAChR engages metabotropic transduction pathways. In macrophages, receptor activation modulates cytokine production and inflammatory responses. In keratinocytes, it regulates wound healing by modulating cell migration and differentiation. In dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons, α9* signaling contributes to nociceptive processing and inflammatory hyperalgesia. This functional pleiotropy, spanning both ionotropic signaling and metabotropic transduction, positions α9* nAChR as an exemplary model for investigating signal polymorphism within the pLGIC superfamily. Pathophysiologically, α9* nAChR dysfunction is implicated across multiple organ systems. In the auditory system, disruption of α9α10 nAChR-mediated MOC efferent feedback impairs cochlear gain control, predisposing to noise-induced synaptopathy and age-related hearing loss. In immune cells, dysfunctional α9* nAChR signaling disrupts cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway activity, exacerbating pro-inflammatory responses. In the peripheral sensory system, aberrant α9* nAChR signaling has been implicated in neuropathic and inflammatory pain states. In skin, impaired receptor function compromises keratinocyte migration and re-epithelialization through disrupted signaling pathways, leading to chronic wound healing defects and inflammation. These pathophysiological associations have catalyzed pharmacological interest, yielding promising chemical entities including α‑conotoxins, small-molecule antagonists/agonists, and allosteric modulators.α-Conotoxin peptides, in particular, demonstrate remarkable subunit selectivity and potent antinociceptive effects in preclinical pain models. However, therapeutic translation faces substantial challenges: the broad tissue distribution of α9* nAChR risks on-target adverse effects in non-target organs; pronounced species differences between rodent and human receptors complicate preclinical validation; and the complexity of ionotropic-metabotropic signaling crosstalk demands pharmacological strategies that extend beyond conventional orthosteric agonism or antagonism. Looking forward, integrating cryo-electron microscopy of full-length receptors in distinct conformational states with single-channel electrophysiology and systems-level circuit analysis promises to illuminate the molecular mechanisms governing α9* nAChR function and regulation. The development of signal pathway-biased ligands and tissue-selective delivery strategies may ultimately harness the therapeutic potential of this receptor while mitigating safety liabilities. As a paradigm for understanding pLGIC signaling diversification, α9* nAChR research will continue to inform broader questions regarding ion channel evolution, allosteric regulation, and pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic pain and autoimmune inflammatory diseases.

Objective: Some regions in China have lowered the minimum interval for whole blood donation to 3 months through local regulations: Hainan, effective from March 1, 2012, allows men to donate at intervals of≥3 months and women at intervals of≥4 months; Shenzhen, effective from November 1, 1995, allows whole blood donation at intervals of≥3 months. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of shortening the whole blood donation interval on blood donation adverse reactions and donation behavior, thereby providing scientific evidence for policy evaluation and revision of relevant regulations. Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study based on blood donation registry data from Shenzhen and Hainan. Data were obtained from the blood information management systems of Hainan Province (1991-2025) and Shenzhen City (2018-2024). Eligible participants were donors aged 18-65 years who had donated whole blood at least twice and met health eligibility criteria. The exposure was defined as a shorter donation interval (whole-blood interval≥3 months and<6 months) and was treated as a time-varying variable. The primary outcome was blood donation adverse reactions. Negative binomial regression with person-years as an offset was used to estimate incidence rate ratios for adverse reactions. Marginal standardization was used to estimate the adjusted incidence rate difference, and donor-level bootstrap resampling was used to estimate the 95% confidence interval of the adjusted incidence rate difference. Non-inferiority was assessed by comparing the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval with the prespecified non-inferiority margin of Δ=0.00 070 per person-year. In addition, Andersen-Gill models were used to analyze adverse reaction-free probability for recurrent events. Secondary outcomes were donation behavior, including annual repeat donation rate, annual donation frequency, mean donation interval, and annual whole-blood donation volume. These were analyzed using logistic regression, negative binomial regression, and linear regression models, respectively, with adjustment for age, sex, region, and donation site. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Approval No.2025011) and registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2500114968). Results: A total of 375 075 repeat whole-blood donors were included, contributing 1 292 748 whole-blood donations. Among them, 119 993 had ever donated at a shorter interval and 255 082 had never done so. Over 1 281 842 person-years of follow-up in the dynamic cohort, 2 100 blood donation adverse reactions were recorded. The incidence rates of adverse reactions were 1.76 and 1.58 per 1 000 person-years in the ever-short interval and never-short interval groups, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, province, and donation site, the ever-short interval group had a slightly higher adverse reaction rate than the never-short interval group (IRR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.15-1.41, P<0.001). Marginal standardization showed that the adjusted incidence rates were 1.73 and 2.21 per 1 000 person-years in the never-short interval and ever-short interval groups, respectively. The adjusted incidence rate difference was 0.000 48 per person-year, with a bootstrap 95%CI of 0.000 26-0.000 69 per person-year; the upper limit of the 95%CI was below the prespecified non-inferiority margin. Andersen-Gill recurrent-event analysis showed that the ever-short interval group had a higher probability of remaining adverse reaction-free. Analysis of donation behavior showed that among donors followed for at least 365 days, the ever-short interval group had a higher annual repeat donation rate than the never-short interval group (74.2% vs 18.3%; adjusted OR=12.5, 95%CI: 12.3-12.7, P<0.001). They also had a higher annual whole-blood donation rate (adjusted RR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.97-1.98, P<0.001), a shorter mean whole-blood donation interval (β=-239 days, 95%CI: -242 to -237 days, P<0.001), and a higher annual whole-blood donation volume (adjusted RR=2.14, 95%CI: 2.13-2.15, P<0.001). Conclusion: Based on real-world data from repeat whole-blood donors in Shenzhen and Hainan, lowering the minimum whole blood donation interval to 3 months did not show an absolute increase in blood donation adverse reactions exceeding the prespecified margin within the scope of this outcome. Shorter whole-blood donation interval behavior was also associated with greater repeat-donation activity, higher annual donation frequency, and higher annual whole-blood donation volume. Given the observational nature of this study and the lack of long-term donor health indicators such as iron status and longitudinal hemoglobin changes, the long-term safety of setting the minimum whole blood donation interval at 3 months requires further evaluation.

Objective To explore the mechanism of action of jolkinolide B in the treatment of gastric cancer by network pharmacology combined with molecular docking technique.Methods The SwissTargetPrediction database was used to obtain the targets of the active compounds.Search Genecards,OMIM,Drugbank,TTD,and PharmGKB databases to obtain targets for gastric cancer.The intersection between the targets of jolkinolide B and those of gastric cancer was identified pinpoint potential targets for jolkinolide B in treating gastric cancer.The String database was utilized construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network.Bioconductor bioinformatics packages with R software was employed conduct Gene Ontology(GO)functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis on the shared targets.This process revealed significant regulatory pathways crucial for jolkinolide B's efficacy in treating gastric cancer.Cytoscape 3.7.1 software was utilized create the core network of"Potential Targets of Triptolide B in Gastric Cancer Treatment",and SYBYL-X2.1.1 software was employed conduct molecular docking validation of the selected main active ingredients and critical targets.Results Jolkinolide B may target multiple proteins,including MAPK1,glycogen synthase kinae-3β(GSK-3β),and JUN,impacting the proliferation,invasion,and metastasis of gastric cancer,ultimately inhibiting its growth.Conclusion We predicted the possible molecular mechanism of jolkinolide B in the treatment of gastric cancer to provide guide information for the subsequent experimental research and clinical application.

Objective To investigate gender differences and age-related changes in body composition(BC)among Miao adults in Rongshui,Guangxi Province,and to provide the basis for assessing nutritional status and health.Methods With informed consent,630 Miao adults(218 males,412 females)were randomly selected for this study.Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA).Results Weight,fat-free mass,muscle mass,trunk muscle mass,limb muscle mass,waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),body water,presumtion of bone mass and protein were significantly higher in males than in females.And the fat mass,trunk fat mass,limb fat mass,visceral fat content,subcutaneous fat content and percentage of body fat were significantly higher in females than in males.According to the evaluation of body mass index(BMI)and WHR,the proportion of overweight and obesity of Miao adults was higher than the average level of Miao residents,and their obesity was characterized by central obesity.With age,weight,fat mass,muscle mass,fat-free mass,limb muscle mass,limb fat mass,subcutaneous fat content,percentage of body fat,body water,presumtion of bone mass,and protein of Rongshui Miao adults showed a gradual decreasing trend,while visceral fat content and WHR increased progressively.BMI in male Miao adults,along with BMI,fat mass,trunk fat mass,subcutaneous fat content,percentage of body fat,and body water in female Miao adults,showed a trend of increasing followed by decreasing,peaking at the age of 40-49 years.Conclusion The body composition of Miao adults in Rongshui,Guangxi,exhibits significant gender differences and age-related variation change patterns,which may increase the risk of sarcopenia and metabolic diseases with aging.

Objective To identify potential ergonomic risk factors of works and quickly assess their risks of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in the medical staff. Methods A total of 188 medical staff were selected as the research objects using a two-stage random sampling method. The method for the identification of musculoskeletal stress factors (PLIBEL) was used to analyze the adverse ergonomic factors in the work process, and the rapid entire body assessment (REBA) was used to quickly assess the whole-body posture load. Results The PLIBEL assessment results showed that various adverse ergonomic factors affected different parts of the body during the work process of medical staff. Specifically, 18 adverse ergonomic factors were identified in the neck, shoulders, and upper back, while 10 adverse ergonomic factors were identified in the elbow, forearm, hand, and lower back. Rehabilitation therapists and nurses engaged in patient handling in general wards and medication preparation and blood collection were exposed to ≥35 adverse ergonomic factors. The REBA assessment showed that the REBA score was 3-12 points for medical staff during their work process. Rehabilitation therapists were classified as having an extremely high ergonomic risk. High-risk occupations included ward housekeeping nurses, surgery assistant nurses, operating-room instrument nurses, and surgeons. Medium-risk occupations included general ward nurses (medication preparation and blood collection, venipuncture/infusion, and patient handling), intensive care unit (ICU) nurses, internal medicine residents, and dentists. Low-risk occupations included administrative front-desk nurses, outpatient internal medicine physicians, and technicians/physicians in ultrasonography, laboratory medicine, physical examination, and occupational health departments. Conclusion Adverse ergonomic factors of medical staff predominantly affect the neck, shoulders, upper back, elbows, forearms, hands, and the lower back during the work process. Rehabilitation therapists, ward housekeeping nurses, ICU nurses, operating-room instrument nurses, and surgeons are high-risk groups for WMSDs. Attention should be paid to the management and control of adverse ergonomic factors for medical staff to prevent the occurrence of WMSDs.

Ergonomic Principle for the Prevention of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Part 1: General Principles (T/WSJD 14.1-2020) is the first guideline standard for the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders provided to employers and occupational health technical service institutions in China, which covers ergonomic risk factors and their hazard definition, ergonomic prevention principles, risk assessment process, risk control process and risk evaluation principles. The standard specifically clarify the specific types of adverse ergonomic risk factors and control strategies and the standard process of systematic ergonomic risk assessment, providing implementation paths and practical guidance for eliminating/reducing adverse ergonomic risks and enhance workplace environments to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This paper interprets and analyzes the background of standard establishment, formulation process, fundamental basis, and main content, etc., to provide scientific and accurate technical support for enterprise managers, labours and technical personnel of occupational health institutions to optimize the use of this standard.

Objective:To investigate the incidence of shoulder work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among occupational population in China, and to explore their intrinsic association with personal and work-related factors.Methods:In April 2024, 73497 valid questionnaires of the Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Electronic Questionnaire were retrospectively analyzed from June 2018 to December 2023 in 22 provinces and 29 key industries in China, and the general information, occurrence of WMSDs and related risk factors of key occupational populations in different regions in China were collected. By using Chi-square test and confirmatory factor analysis, the relationship between shoulder fatigue and pain in key occupational groups and individual factors, work type, work posture and work organization was discussed, and the internal relationship was analyzed based on structural equation model.Results:Higher incidence of shoulder fatigue and pain were associated with female, lack of physical exercise, uncomfortable working posture and neck leaning forward ( P<0.05). Structural equation model analysis showed that work type, work posture and work organization were strongly correlated ( r=0.58, 0.55). Work organization and work type were strongly correlated with shoulder fatigue ( r=0.65) and moderately correlated with shoulder fatigue ( r=0.21). Shoulder fatigue was moderately associated with shoulder pain ( r=0.40). Individual factors, work type, work posture and shoulder fatigue could directly affect shoulder pain ( OR=0.07, -0.09, 0.17 and 0.40), and work type and work posture could also indirectly affect shoulder pain through shoulder fatigue ( OR=0.08, 0.03). Work organization only indirectly affected shoulder pain through shoulder fatigue ( OR=0.26) . Conclusion:The main influencing factor of shoulder pain is shoulder fatigue, followed by work posture and individual factors. Structural equation model can better reflect the complex relationship between work type, work posture and work organization and shoulder WMSDs. Improving work posture and work organization may be an effective way to control the influence of shoulder fatigue on shoulder pain.

Objective:To explore the structural equation model to explore the levels of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and various risk factors in the feet and ankle of China's occupational population, providing scientific basis for for preventing WMSDs in feet and ankles.Methods:Data of 73497 national occupational epidemiological cases were selected from June 2018 to December 2023 used the Chinese version of the Electronic Questionnaire on Musculoskeletal Disorders. The adverse ergonomic factors and their source classification standard and confirmatory factor analysis were used to investigate foot and ankle WMSDs and their related risk factors (including individual factors, work organization, work posture, work type, fatigue, etc.) in key occupational groups in China, and structural equation model hypothesis, fitting, verification, and path and intermediary effect analysis were carried out. The model fit evaluation indexes included Chi-square specific degrees of freedom ( χ2/ df), gauge fit index (NFI), Tucker Lewis index (TLI), goodness of Fit index (GFI), adjusted Goodness of Fit index (AGFI) and approximate root mean square error (RMSEA) . Results:A total of 73497 occupational workers were surveyed, with local muscle fatigue and WMSDs incidence rates in the feet and ankles being 17.17% and 12.06%, respectively. The fitting index of the adjusted structural equation model basically meets the standard (GFI=1, AGFI=1, RMESA=0.042, NFI=0.716, TLI=0.663). The top three factors affecting feet and ankle WMSDs are feet and ankle muscle fatigue, work type, and work organization, with standardized path coefficients of 0.221, 0.105, and 0.095, respectively. The top two factors affecting feet and ankle muscle fatigue are work organization and work type, with standardized path coefficients of 0.548 and 0.383, respectively. Feet and ankle muscle fatigue, work type, work organization, and work posture have a direct effect on feet and ankle WMSDs, with effect values of 0.221, 0.105, 0.095, and 0.077, respectively. The organization and type of work can also have indirect effects through feet and ankle muscle fatigue, with effect values of 0.121 and 0.084, respectively.Conclusion:Feet and ankle muscle fatigue has a direct impact on WMSDs, and plays a mediating role between ankle and ankle WMSDs caused by work organization and work type. Feet and ankle muscle fatigue is an important pathway leading to feet and ankle WMSDs. It is recommended that employers and managers detect job fatigue early and take corresponding prevention and intervention measures, which can play a key role in preventing feet and ankle WMSDs.

Objective:To explore the structural relationship between WMSDs in the upper limbs and various risk factors in the occupational population in China, based on a large sample epidemiological survey and structural equation analysis, and to establish a structural equation model, so as to lay a foundation for the prevention and control of such diseases.Methods:The Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Electronic Questionnaire was used to conduct a nationwide survey on the prevalence of WMSDs in the upper extremity. Six factors related to WMSDs in the upper extremity were extracted by the classification standard of adverse ergonomic factors and their source and confirmatory factor analysis, including work organization, work type, upper extremity work posture, individual factors, upper extremity fatigue and upper extremity WMSDs. The structural equation analysis was carried out and the structural equation model was established.Results:The incidence of WMSDs and fatigue in the upper limbs was 24.44% and 43.76%, respectively. The adjusted structural equation model fitting indicators were generally up to the standard (GFI=1.000, AGFI=1.000, RMSEA=0.043, NFI=0.808, TLI=0.784) . The four exogenous latent variables of work organization, work type, upper limb work posture and individual factors were correlated. There was a strong positive correlation between job type and upper limb work posture ( r=0.865) , a moderate positive correlation between work organization and job type and upper limb work posture ( r=0.570, 0.490) , and a weak negative correlation between individual factors and the other three exogenous latent variables. Upper limb work posture and individual factors had direct effects on upper limb WMSDs, and the effect coefficients were 0.10 and 0.06, respectively. Upper limb fatigue played a mediating role between work organization, work type, upper limb work posture and upper limb WMSDs. The effect coefficient was 0.46, and the composition ratios of indirect effects were 100.0%, 100.0%, and 38.3%, respectively. The direct path effect of upper limb work posture, individual factors and upper limb WMSDs was weaker than the mediating path through upper limb fatigue. Conclusion:When carrying out the prevention and control of upper limbWMSDs, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the pathogenesis path of upper limb muscle fatigue and upper limb WMSDs caused by work organization, work type, and upper limb work posture, so as to provide theoretical reference for improving the prevention and control level of such diseases.