Malignant tumors can invade ocular tissues or cause reactive ocular lesions through distant metastasis or immune response. Anti-tumor drugs have brought breakthroughs to treatment, while also posing new challenges of adverse ocular reactions. Current precision diagnosis and treatment of patients with tumor-related ocular diseases is undergoing technological and strategic innovations. In the diagnostic aspect, multimodal ophthalmic imaging technology facilitates the identification and monitoring of ocular lesions. Minimally invasive biopsy enhances the level of pathological diagnosis. Molecular markers and artificial intelligence (AI) strengthen the ability of differential diagnosis and prognosis prediction. In the therapeutic aspect, local precise radiotherapy reduces damage to surrounding tissues, and systemic therapies require strategies to overcome the limitations of the blood-ocular barrier. In the management of ocular adverse events caused by anti-tumor drugs, it is necessary to balance tumor control and visual preservation, emphasizing dynamic surveillance and early warning. Future studies in diagnosis and treatment will focus on multimodal data integration, molecular targeting technologies, and intelligent decision-making systems, aiming to establish comprehensive management frameworks encompassing multidisciplinary coordination, full disease-cycle monitoring, and personalized interventions to achieve the precision medical goal of " visual survival" .

Malignant tumors can invade ocular tissues or cause reactive ocular lesions through distant metastasis or immune response. Anti-tumor drugs have brought breakthroughs to treatment, while also posing new challenges of adverse ocular reactions. Current precision diagnosis and treatment of patients with tumor-related ocular diseases is undergoing technological and strategic innovations. In the diagnostic aspect, multimodal ophthalmic imaging technology facilitates the identification and monitoring of ocular lesions. Minimally invasive biopsy enhances the level of pathological diagnosis. Molecular markers and artificial intelligence (AI) strengthen the ability of differential diagnosis and prognosis prediction. In the therapeutic aspect, local precise radiotherapy reduces damage to surrounding tissues, and systemic therapies require strategies to overcome the limitations of the blood-ocular barrier. In the management of ocular adverse events caused by anti-tumor drugs, it is necessary to balance tumor control and visual preservation, emphasizing dynamic surveillance and early warning. Future studies in diagnosis and treatment will focus on multimodal data integration, molecular targeting technologies, and intelligent decision-making systems, aiming to establish comprehensive management frameworks encompassing multidisciplinary coordination, full disease-cycle monitoring, and personalized interventions to achieve the precision medical goal of " visual survival" .

Although root canal therapy is the most common and widely used treatment at clinical presentation, there are still some postoperative complications. As cell biology and tissue engineering techniques advance rapidly, the use of biological therapy to regenerate dental pulp has become a new trend; Relevant literatures in recent five years were searched using key words such as "root canal therapy", "Dental pulp stem cells", "Dental pulp regeneration", and "Cell homing" in PubMed, Web of Science, etc; Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have multi-differentiation potential, self-renewal capability, and high proliferative ability. Stem cell-based dental pulp regeneration has emerged as a new research hot spot in clinical therapy. Recently, dental pulp-like structures have been generated by the transplantation of exogenous DPSCs or the induction of homing of endogenous DPSCs. Studies on DPSCs are important and significant for dental pulp regeneration and dental restoration; In this review, the existing clinical treatment methods, dental pulp regeneration, and DPSC research status are revealed, and their application prospects are discussed. The stem cell-based pulp regeneration exerts promising potential in clinical therapy for pulp regeneration.

COVID-19/psychology* ; Child ; Child Health ; Health Care Rationing ; Health Policy ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Parents/psychology* ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Singapore/epidemiology*

PURPOSE: Lactose intolerance (LI) is perceived to be frequent in Asia and has been reported to have considerable impact on dietary intake, nutritional status and the quality of life. We aimed to gather information from healthcare professionals on the perceived incidence, diagnosis and management of LI in 1 to 5 year old children in Southeast Asia. METHODS: An anonymous electronic survey was sent randomly among healthcare professionals registered in the database of the pediatric societies in Thailand, Indonesia, and Singapore between June and October 2016. RESULTS: In total, 259 health care professionals responded of which 45.5% (n=118) were from Thailand, 37.4% (n=97) from Indonesia and 16.9% (n=44) from Singapore. Of the participants who responded (n=248), primary LI prevalence among children 1 to 3 years of age was estimated to be less than 5% by 56.8%. However, about 18.9% (n=47) answered they did not know/unsure. Regarding secondary LI, 61.6% of respondents (n=153) estimated the prevalence to be less than 15%. But again, 10.8% (n=27) answered they did not know or unsure. Rotavirus gastroenteritis was ranked as the top cause for secondary LI. There was considerable heterogeneity in the diagnostic methods used. The majority of respondents (75%) recommended lactose-free milk to manage primary and secondary LI. CONCLUSION: More education/training of pediatricians on this topic and further epidemiological studies using a more systematic approach are required.
Anonyms and Pseudonyms ; Asia ; Asia, Southeastern ; Child* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Far East* ; Gastroenteritis ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Incidence ; Indonesia ; Lactose Intolerance* ; Lactose* ; Milk ; Nutritional Status ; Population Characteristics ; Prevalence* ; Quality of Life ; Rotavirus ; Singapore ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Thailand

INTRODUCTIONWe aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical manifestations of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) in children who presented to a tertiary care hospital in Singapore.

METHODSWe conducted a retrospective review of all oesophageal biopsies taken during oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) from March 2010 to December 2011. The patients' demographics and clinical characteristics were collected. Biopsies were reviewed by a single pathologist who was blinded to the original reports, using the current consensus criteria for the histological diagnosis of EoE.

RESULTSOf the 88 children who had biopsies during OGD, 4 (4.5%) children (three boys, one girl; three Chinese, one Caucasian) were diagnosed with EoE. Their median age was 9.5 (range 4.0-12.0) years. The main clinical presentations were abdominal pain (in the three older children) and vomiting (in the youngest child). Three children had a history of atopy. Three children were diagnosed with EoE in the original histology reports, while one was diagnosed after the second review following histology demonstrating > 15 eosinophil granulocytes per high power field and microabscess formation. Endoscopy findings revealed oesophagitis in two children, one of whom was already on acid suppression therapy. Although three children were started on acid suppression therapy, they continued to be symptomatic. One child was also treated with swallowed fluticasone and two with food allergen avoidance, resulting in symptom improvement.

CONCLUSIONAlthough EoE is uncommon in Singapore, greater awareness is needed among family physicians and general paediatricians. Paediatric gastroenterologists should alert pathologists when sending biopsy specimens that are suspicious for EoE.

AIMTo extend the analysis of the proteome of human spermatozoa and establish a 2-D gel electrophoresis (2-DE) reference map of human spermatozoal proteins in a pH range of 3.5-9.0.

METHODSIn order to reveal more protein spots, immobilized pH gradient strips (24 cm) of broad range of pH 3-10 and the narrower range of pH 6-9, as well as different overlapping narrow range pH immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips, including 3.5-4.5, 4.0-5.0, 4.5-5.5, 5.0-6.0 and 5.5-6.7, were used. After 2-DE, several visually identical spots between the different pH range 2-D gel pairs were cut from the gels and confirmed by mass spectrometry and used as landmarks for computer analysis.

RESULTSThe 2-D reference map with pH value from 3.5 to 9.0 was synthesized by using the ImageMaster analysis software. The overlapping spots were excluded, so that every spot was counted only once. A total of 3872 different protein spots were identified from the reference map, an approximately 3-fold increase compared to the broad range pH 3-10 IPG strip (1306 spots).

CONCLUSIONThe present 2-D pattern is a high resolution 2-D reference map for human fertile spermatozoal protein spots. A comprehensive knowledge of the protein composition of human spermatozoa is very meaningful in studying dysregulation of male fertility.

Adult ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; methods ; Fertility ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Proteins ; analysis ; Proteome ; Proteomics ; methods ; Reference Values ; Semen ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Sperm Banks ; Spermatozoa ; chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Tissue Donors