Objective To investigate the mechanism of maslinic acid on pyroptosis and inflammato-ry response in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(IR)injury.Methods H9C2 cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into control group,control+maslinic acid group,hypoxia reoxygenation(HR)group,and HR+maslinic acid group.Cellular model of HR injury was constructed by hypoxia for 4 h and then reoxygenation for 12 h.Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into Sham group,IR group,IR+maslinic acid group,IR+maslinic acid+Tri group(n=12).Rat model of myocardial IR injury was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 2 h.The viability of cardiomyocytes was detected,the levels of LDH,CK-MB,IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant of cardiomyocytes and rat serum samples were detec-ted in each group.Drug-molecular docking was performed to predict the binding site and binding force of maslinic acid and NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3(NLRP3).Western blotting was used to detect IκBα,NF-κB P65,NLRP3,apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC),and gasdermid D-N terminal(GSDMD-N)in each group of cardiomyo-cytes and myocardial tissues.Results Compared with the Control group,significantly reduced cell viability,enhanced protein levels of p-IκBα,p-NF-κB P65 and higher releases of LDH,IL-1β and IL-18 were observed in the HR group(P＜0.05).Maslinic acid treatment reversed HR-induced changes in above indicators(P＜0.05).Compared with the Sham group,the protein levels of p-IκBα,p-NF-κB P65,NLRP3,ASC,GSDMD-N and the releases of serum CK-MB,LDH,IL-1βand IL-18 were significantly increased in the IR group(P＜0.05).Maslinic acid treatment also reversed above indicators induced by IR injury(P＜0.05).The protein levels of p-IκBα,p-NF-κB P65,NLRP3,ASC and GSDMD-N were significantly increased,and the releases of serum CK-MB,LDH,IL-1β and IL-18 were also elevated in the IR+maslinic acid+Tri group than the IR+maslinic acid group(1681.00±136.20 U/L vs 1251.00±213.60 U/L,1776.00±185.80 U/L vs 1330.00±172.50 U/L,4.32±0.45 vs 2.95±0.26,3.89±0.20 vs 2.47±0.29,P＜0.05).Conclusion Maslinic acid can show target intervention in NLRP3 activity,thereby inhibiting inflammatory re-sponse and cell pyroptosis,and ultimately attenuate myocardial IR injury effectively.

Objective:To investigate the application of three-dimensional image reconstruction combined with problem-based learning (PBL) in the teaching of physicians receiving continuing education in thoracic surgery.Methods:A total of 68 physicians who received continuing education in Department of Thoracic Surgery in our hospital were selected as research subjects, and they were divided into control group and observation group using a random number table, with 34 physicians in each group. The physicians in the control group received traditional teaching, while those in the observation group received three-dimensional image reconstruction combined with PBL teaching. A questionnaire survey, theoretical assessment, and assessment of practical skills were performed to evaluate the effect of teaching. SPSS 22.0 was used to perform the t-test. Results:Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly higher degrees of satisfaction with each item of the questionnaire survey ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly higher scores of theoretical assessment [(94.07±6.03) vs. (86.34±5.46), P<0.001] and the assessment of practical skills [(95.20±5.48) vs. (84.71±6.14), P<0.001]. Conclusion:The application of three-dimensional image reconstruction combined with PBL teaching can help to improve the comprehensive ability of physicians receiving continuing education.

Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are innate immune cells located in most tissues and organs of the human body, and are independent of peripheral circulation and capable of self-renewal. They are highly heterogeneous, with different origins, phenotypes, and functions in different tissues. As the important reproductive organs in human, the testis and ovary contain a highly complicated reproductive-endocrine-immune regulatory network. TRMs can interact with a variety of cells in the gonadal tissue. The gonad-specific microenvironment could confer the tissue-specific regional immune identities and functional remodeling to TRMs. Meanwhile, the TRMs are adapted to maintain gonad homeostasis and regulate gametes development and steroidogenesis. In this review, we reviewed the origin, phenotype, polarization, subgroup classification, and other regional immune characteristics of TRMs in testis and ovary, and discussed the important role of TRMs in maintaining gonadal tissue homeostasis and regulating reproductive endocrine function.

Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are innate immune cells located in most tissues and organs of the human body, and are independent of peripheral circulation and capable of self-renewal. They are highly heterogeneous, with different origins, phenotypes, and functions in different tissues. As the important reproductive organs in human, the testis and ovary contain a highly complicated reproductive-endocrine-immune regulatory network. TRMs can interact with a variety of cells in the gonadal tissue. The gonad-specific microenvironment could confer the tissue-specific regional immune identities and functional remodeling to TRMs. Meanwhile, the TRMs are adapted to maintain gonad homeostasis and regulate gametes development and steroidogenesis. In this review, we reviewed the origin, phenotype, polarization, subgroup classification, and other regional immune characteristics of TRMs in testis and ovary, and discussed the important role of TRMs in maintaining gonadal tissue homeostasis and regulating reproductive endocrine function.

usions DCUS could initial estimate the pathological typing of advanced gastric caner before operation.